Przedstawiono stan obecny oraz perspektywy rozwoju technik spawania pod wodą. Przeanalizowano najważniejsze problemy spawania w środowisku wodnym oraz wskazano kierunki podejmowanych badań zmierzających do opanowania tego trudnego procesu.
EN
Current status and perspectives for development of under-water welding techniques were presented. The most important problems of welding in water environment were analysed, and the directions of the undertaken tasks aiming at taking control of that difficult process were pointed out.
W artykule omówiono problemy związane z naprawami wad odlewniczych. Przeanalizowano możliwości naprawy odlewów metodami spawalniczymi. Opisano technologię naprawy przez napawanie wlewnic wykonanych z żeliwa szarego. Napawanie prowadzono ręcznie elektrodami otulonymi oraz w osłonie gazów metodą MAG. Oceniono mikrostrukturę stref napawanych naprawianych odlewów oraz wyniki pomiarów twardości i rozkład mikrotwardości.
EN
In this paper discusses issues related to the repair of large castings. Analyzed the possibility repair of castings of welding methods. Describes the technology of repair by welding of cast iron ingot molds. Welding with coated electrodes was carried out manually and gas shielded MAG. Rated zones padded structure and performance measurement and distribution of microhardness.
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ZRE1 alloy with addition of Zn, Zr and rare earth elements is gravity casted to sand casting moulds, and is used mainly in aerospace and automotive industries. Magnesium alloy castings often have defects, such as misruns and micro-shrinkage. This defects are repaired with welding and overlay welding techniques. Main practical difficulty during welding of magnesium alloys is their susceptibility to hot cracking in the crystallization process. The paper intends to evaluate susceptibility of magnesium alloys to hot cracking and examine influence of heat treatment on cracking of the ZRE1 magnesium alloy with addition of zinc and rare earth elements during welding in conditions of constant stiffness. The results of tests of susceptibility to hot cracking of repair welding joints of ZRE1 alloy castings have been described. The range of research has included the Fisco test and metallographic tests. It has been observed that heat treatment decreases susceptibility of the ZRE1 alloy to hot cracking.
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