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1
Content available remote Weighted Hardy inequalities and Hardy transforms of weights
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EN
Many problems in analysis are described as weighted norm inequalities that have given rise to different classes of weights, such as $A_p$-weights of Muckenhoupt and $B_p$-weights of Ariño and Muckenhoupt. Our purpose is to show that different classes of weights are related by means of composition with classical transforms. A typical example is the family $M_p$ of weights w for which the Hardy transform is $L_p(w)$-bounded. A $B_p$-weight is precisely one for which its Hardy transform is in $M_p$, and also a weight whose indefinite integral is in $A_{p+1}$
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Content available remote On sharp reiteration theorems and weighted norm inequalities
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EN
We prove sharp end forms of Holmstedt's reiteration theorem which are closely connected with a general form of Gehring's Lemma. Reverse type conditions for the Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya order are considered and the maximal elements are shown to satisfy generalized Gehring conditions. The methods we use are elementary and based on variants of reverse Hardy inequalities for monotone functions.
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Content available remote Weighted inequalities for one-sided maximal functions in Orlicz spaces
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EN
Let $M_{g}^{+}$ be the maximal operator defined by $M_{g}^{+}⨍(x) = sup_{h>0} (ʃ_{x}^{x+h} |⨍|g)/(ʃ_{x}^{x+h} g)$, where g is a positive locally integrable function on ℝ. Let Φ be an N-function such that both Φ and its complementary N-function satisfy $Δ_2$. We characterize the pairs of positive functions (u,ω) such that the weak type inequality $u({x ∈ ℝ | M_{g}^{+}⨍(x) > λ}) ≤ C/(Φ(λ)) ʃ_ℝ Φ(|⨍|)ω$ holds for every ⨍ in the Orlicz space $L_Φ(ω)$. We also characterize the positive functions ω such that the integral inequality $ʃ_ℝ Φ(|M_{g}^{+}⨍|)ω ≤ ʃ_ℝ Φ(|⨍|)ω$ holds for every $⨍ ∈ L_Φ(ω)$. Our results include some already obtained for functions in $L^p$ and yield as consequences one-dimensional theorems due to Gallardo and Kerman-Torchinsky.
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Content available remote Some weighted inequalities for general one-sided maximal operators
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We characterize the pairs of weights on ℝ for which the operators $M^{+}_{h,k}f(x) = sup_{c>x}h(x,c) ʃ_{x}^{c} f(s)k(x,s,c)ds$ are of weak type (p,q), or of restricted weak type (p,q), 1 ≤ p < q < ∞, between the Lebesgue spaces with the coresponding weights. The functions h and k are positive, h is defined on ${(x,c): x < c}$, while k is defined on ${(x,s,c): x < s < c}$. If $h(x,c) = (c-x)^{-β}$, $k(x,s,c) = (c-s)^{α-1}$, 0 ≤ β ≤ α ≤ 1, we obtain the operator $M^{+}_{α,β}f = sup_{c>x} 1/(c-x)^{β} ʃ_{x}^{c} f(s)/(c-s)^{1-α} ds$. For this operator, under the assumption 1/p - 1/q = α - β, we extend the weak type characterization to the case p = q and prove that in the case of equal weights and 1 < p < ∞, weak and strong type are equivalent. If we take α = β we characterize the strong type weights for the operator $M^{+}_{α,α}$ introduced by W. Jurkat and J. Troutman in the study of $C_α$ differentiation of the integral.
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Content available remote How to get rid of one of the weights in a two-weight Poincaré inequality?
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EN
We prove that if a Poincaré inequality with two different weights holds on every ball, then a Poincaré inequality with the same weight on both sides holds as well.
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Content available remote On weighted inequalities for operators of potential type
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EN
In this paper, we discuss a class of weighted inequalities for operators of potential type on homogeneous spaces. We give sufficient conditions for the weak and strong type weighted inequalities sup_{λ>0} λ|{x ∈ X : |T(fdσ)(x)|>λ }|_{ω}^{1/q} ≤ C (∫_{X} |f|^{p}dσ)^{1/p} and (∫_{X} |T(fdσ)|^{q}dω )^{1/q} ≤ C (∫_X |f|^{p}dσ )^{1/p} in the cases of 0 < q < p ≤ ∞ and 1 ≤ q < p < ∞, respectively, where T is an operator of potential type, and ω and σ are Borel measures on the homogeneous space X. We show that under certain restrictions on the measures those sufficient conditions are also necessary. A consequence is given for the fractional integrals in Euclidean spaces.
EN
The paper deals with the design of equipment for verification and calibration of axle and crane weighing instruments. In its introduction, it discusses the basic concepts of axle and crane weighing instruments, their calibration, and verification. The paper briefly describes the original technical design solution used in the calibration and verification of these weighing instruments. Subsequently, the article describes the legislative, technical and functional requirements for metrological equipment being developed. The paper presents two design solutions for handling calibration weights. In both solutions, the construction and individual functional parts of the equipment are described. Both of these solutions were designed and tested in practical measurements in the Laboratory for Testing of Weighing Instruments of the Slovak Legal Metrology n.o. Finally, the paper presents the results of the development of a new measuring system at the University of Žilina.
EN
Under market conditions, the successful performance of an enterprise depends on many factors including size, technology, staff, management system, quality, etc. One of the most important parameters is the ability to determine the strategic potential of a company. This may be achieved by accomplishing three tasks: first, the capabilities of the company's management subsystem should be determined, second, production subsystem's capabilities should be defined, and, third, they should be appropriately integrated. When the values and weights of the particular elements of the strategic potential matrix are determined on the basis of experts' evaluation, they may be combined into an integrated index. This may be determined by using well-known multiple attribute decision support systems.
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This work is a direct continuation of previous works of authors ([Binderman, Borkowski, Szczesny 2008, Binderman, Szczesny 2009]). The goal of this work is to generalize known methods of constructing measures of synthetic objects, methods that use radar charts of vectors. The methods listed in this work factor in weights assigned to features and make the values of indicators independent from the ordering of considered features. The listed methods have been applied in the analysis of regional differentiation of agriculture in Poland between 2001 and 2010.
10
Content available remote Greedy Algorithms with Weights for Construction of Partial Association Rules
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This paper is devoted to the study of approximate algorithms for minimization of the total weight of attributes occurring in partial association rules. We consider mainly greedy algorithms with weights for construction of rules. The paper contains bounds on precision of these algorithms and bounds on the minimal weight of partial association rules based on an information obtained during the greedy algorithm run.
EN
This article presents a collection of early medieval trade accessories, folded scales and weights excavated by archaeologists on site no. 1 in Santok (Lubusz province). The collection of weights is formally and chronologically diverse. The oldest specimens come from structures dated back to the 4th quarter of the 9th century, the youngest to the 14th century. Metallographic analyses indicate that to produce the scales and weights, alloys of copper, different types of bronze and brass were used. The fact that exchange of goods in Santok took place earlier than in the other regions of Wielkopolska is evidence of close contacts with the then economic Baltic zone.
EN
A common problem in multi-environment trials arises when some genotypeby- environment combinations are missing. In Arciniegas-Alarcón et al. (2010) we outlined a method of data imputation to estimate the missing values, the computational algorithm for which was a mixture of regression and lower-rank approximation of a matrix based on its singular value decomposition (SVD). In the present paper we provide two extensions to this methodology, by including weights chosen by cross-validation and allowing multiple as well as simple imputation. The three methods are assessed and compared in a simulation study, using a complete set of real data in which values are deleted randomly at different rates. The quality of the imputations is evaluated using three measures: the Procrustes statistic, the squared correlation between matrices and the normalised root mean squared error between these estimates and the true observed values. None of the methods makes any distributional or structural assumptions, and all of them can be used for any pattern or mechanism of the missing values.
PL
Wprowadzanie wag nieautomatycznych do obrotu i użytkowania po ocenie zgodności w niektórych krajach wiąże się z określeniem ustalonych administracyjnie stref grawitacyjnych. Według Przewodnika WELMEC 2 można stosować również tzw. nową koncepcję grawitacyjną, która umożliwia ustalanie stref użytkowania wagi w określonym zakresie szerokości geograficznej i położenia nad poziomem morza w zależności od zamierzonego miejsca użytkowania wagi.
EN
The placing on the market and putting into service non-automatic weighing instruments in conformity assessment in some countries is connected with fixed administratively gravitation zones. According to the Guide WELMEC 2 there can also be used so called “the new gravity concept”, that allows determination an application area for the instrument in the specified range of latitude and location above sea level in relation to the intended place of use.
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Content available remote Integral operators and weighted amalgams
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EN
For large classes of indices, we characterize the weights u, v for which the Hardy operator is bounded from $ℓ^{q̅}(L^{p̅}_{v})$ into $ℓ^{q}(L^{p}_{u})$. For more general operators of Hardy type, norm inequalities are proved which extend to weighted amalgams known estimates in weighted $L^p$-spaces. Amalgams of the form $ℓ^{q}(L^{p}_{w})$, 1 < p,q < ∞ , q ≠ p, $w ∈ A_p$, are also considered and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator and local maximal operator in these spaces are obtained.
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Content available remote Distribution and rearrangement estimates of the maximal function and interpolation
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EN
There are given necessary and sufficient conditions on a measure dμ(x)=w(x)dx under which the key estimates for the distribution and rearrangement of the maximal function due to Riesz, Wiener, Herz and Stein are valid. As a consequence, we obtain the equivalence of the Riesz and Wiener inequalities which seems to be new even for the Lebesgue measure. Our main tools are estimates of the distribution of the averaging function f** and a modified version of the Calderón-Zygmund decomposition. Analogous methods allow us to obtain K-functional formulas in terms of the maximal function for couples of weighted $L_p$-spaces.
EN
This paper addresses the issue of selecting a suitable location for a fire station in canton of Fribourg, as a result of a fire brigades’ merger, by applying Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods. Solving the problem of determining fire station locations through various methods has been analyzed in-depth by researchers. However, a different approach, based on application of ELECTRE I and ELECTRE II methods is advanced in this paper. The selection of the most suitable fire station site is obtained by applying the designated methods to five distinctive alternatives (called scenarios), taking into consideration the relatively limited information and specifics, and the extensive number of relevant criteria that summed up to sixty-one. Taking the merger of the three local fire departments as an example, the proposed methods for selecting a suitable location for the fire station demonstrate and justify the reason behind this choice. Research shows that the applied methods have been proven to be useful and powerful tools that exhibited acceptable levels of consistency when selecting the best project. The main finding is that one scenario in particular proved to be preferred over the others and most suitable in determining the fire station location.
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PL
Wyboru technologii realizacji domu mieszkalnego z zastosowaniem analizy wielokryterialnej dokonano, stosując do kodowania standaryzację oraz metodę Pattern. Przyjęto 3 warianty technologii realizacji budynku, a jako miary wariantów przyjęto 5 kryteriów. W przypadku poszczególnych wariantów założono 2 zestawy wag (priorytet czasu oraz ceny) oraz określono wskaźniki sumacyjne i skorygowane. Metoda pozwala na optymalny wybór rozwiązania technologicznego.
EN
The issue of choosing the technology for the construction of a residential house using multiple-criteria decision analysis, which was carried out using standardization and the Pattern method for coding. 3 variants of the building construction technology were adopted, 5 criteria were adopted as the measures of the variants. For individual variants, 2 sets of weights were assumed (priority of time and price), summative corrected indicators were defined. The method allows for the optimal selection of a technological solution.
EN
The paper presents the process of selection the foundation instalment alternative, which have to be the most appropriate and safe for building which stands on the aquiferous soil. The selection is based on a set of criteria: costs of instalment, instalment duration, the complexity of decisions, advantages and disadvantages of decisions, transferability and maintainability of installed foundation system, past experience implementing the approved decisions, etc. The criteria for evaluation and their importance are selected by taking into consideration the interests and goals of the client as well as factors that influence the efficiency of construction process and safety of future building. The solution of problem was made by applying Additive Ratio ASsessment (ARAS) method. The proposed technique could further be applied to substantiate the selection of effective alternative of structures, technologies, investments and etc.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje proces wyboru alternatywnego usadowienia fundamentu najbardziej odpowiedniego i bezpiecznego dla budynku stojącego na gruncie wodonośnym. Wybór bazuje na zestawie kryteriów: koszt usadowienia, okres usadowienia, stopień skomplikowania decyzji, zalety i wady decyzji, możliwość przenoszenia i konserwacji usadowionego systemu fundamentu, doświadczenie z wdrożenie przyjętych decyzji, itd. Kryteria oceny i ich znaczenie są wybierane z uwzględnieniem interesów i celów klienta oraz czynników wpływających na efektywność procesu budowlanego i bezpieczeństwa budynku. Rozwiązania problemu dokonano przy zastosowaniu metody ARAS. Proponowana metoda może w przyszłości być zastosowana do uzasadnienia wyboru struktury, technologii, inwestycji itd.
EN
In the course of research conducted at early medieval sites, the so-called lead discs with holes were discovered. Determining the function of these objects poses many difficulties. Some recognize them as scales weights, others as weights. The microscopictraseological analyses of 20 lead discs and 2 clay spinners from the collection of the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica, presented in this article, allowed us to identify a number of traces created during their use. Juxtaposing this information with other metric features in the analysed collection of discs, four functional categories were separated: spinners, weights, beads and holders.
PL
W trakcie badań prowadzonych na stanowiskach wczesnośredniowiecznych odkrywane są tzw. krążki ołowiane z otworami. Określenie funkcji tych przedmiotów sprawia wiele trudności. Jedni uznają je za odważniki, inni za ciężarki. Zaprezentowane w artykule mikroskopowe analizy traseologiczne 20 krążków ołowianych i 2 przęślików glinianych pochodzących ze zbiorów Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy pozwoliły zidentyfikować szereg śladów powstałych w trakcie ich użytkowania. Zestawiając te informacje z innymi cechami metrycznymi w analizowanym zbiorze krążków wydzielono cztery kategorie funkcyjne: przęśliki, ciężarki, paciorki i oprawki.
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