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An Investigation of Oxide Layer Impact on Heat Transfer in MARIA Reactor Fuel Element

100%

Suchcicki J. , Uzunow N. , Pytel K. , Mieleszczenko W. , Mołdysz A.

tom Vol. 93, nr 4

247--256

Within the framework of test fuel examination it has been performed the irradiation of one of fuel elements to high level of burnup (ca. 60 %). Post-irradiation examinations proved that under high burnup it comes to local detachment of oxide layer from the fuel element cladding. Unilateral breaking away of the oxide layer of strong insulation properties from cladding surface may lead to disturbance of conditions for heat removal from the fuel. This effect has been numerically modeled by means of ANSYS FLUENT code. The numerical results confirmed the existence of heat flux redistribution in the spot of oxide layer detachment. Since the phenomenon for breaking away of oxide layer appears at high fuel burnup the thermal loads are getting lower than in most thermally loaded fuel elements so the safety margins for fuel operation are being preserved.

The Effect of Addition of Germanium to the Surface Phenomena in Silver Alloys

63%

Jesiotr M. , Trzaskowski W. , Trochimiak D. , Nawrocki P. , Łukasik K. , Myszka D.

tom Vol. 18, iss. 3

81--85

The article describes the impact of germanium on the course of surface phenomena in casting alloys of silver used in gold smithing. The aim of this works is to describe the assessment of resulting alloys, comparing the area of raw castings and the impact of the addition content of the alloy on the hardness of the samples. The evaluation also was subject to corrosion resistance of giving a comparison of their use in relations to traditional silver alloys.