Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Negocjacje - mediacje - arbitraz - narzedzia dochodzenia do porozumienia

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Rogala G.

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2007

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nr 1

32-35

2

An analysis of the conceptual language used for the general theory of martial arts – Japanese, Polish and English terminology

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Cynarski W. J. , Skowron J.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2014

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tom 14

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nr 3

49-66

EN

Problem. The following study is concerned with the issue of the terminology used in martial arts, both widely in their practice, as well as in the scientific sphere. It deals with errors and misunderstandings, and changes and establishes definitions of terms. Method. The research is particularly concerned with the basic terms for martial arts used in the English, Japanese and Polish languages. Hermeneutic content analysis of the subject literature, dictionaries and scientific studies is here carried out from the perspective of the Humanistic Theory of Martial Arts (HTMA). Results. The authors present general comments about language changes and their causes. They make comparisons between definitions in specialist literature. They explain the problems of translation and refer to the statements of other researchers. The appendix features a glossary with analysis and explanation of selected basic concepts. Conclusions. Stipulative definitions, whose purpose is to clarify the basic concepts used in the science of martial arts, were used. This new scientific specialization should extend from the jargon of trainers to the language of scientific description. The causes of errors in martial arts terminology were also pointed out.

PL

Problem naukowy. W niniejszym stadium podjęto problem terminologii stosowanej w sztukach walki, zarówno powszechnie w ich praktyce, jak i w refleksji naukowej. Dotyczy to błędów i nieporozumień, zmian, percepcji, rozumienia i ustalenia definicji pojęć. Metodologia. Przedmiotem badań są zwłaszcza podstawowe terminy języka sztuk walki funkcjonujące w językach angielskim, japońskim i polskim. Hermeneutyczna analiza treści literatury przedmiotu – słowników i opracowań naukowych – realizowana jest tu w perspektywie Humanistycznej Teorii Sztuk Walki. Wyniki. Autorzy przedstawiają uwagi ogólne o zmianach językowych i ich przyczynach. Dokonują porównań definicji funkcjonujących w literaturze przedmiotu. Wyjaśniają problemy przekładów z języków Azji Wschodniej na europejskie. Odnoszą się do wypowiedzi innych badaczy. W aneksie zamieszczono słowniczek z analizą i wyjaśnieniem wybranych podstawowych pojęć. Konkluzje. Przedstawiono propozycje definicji projektujących, których celem jest doprecyzowanie podstawowych pojęć na użytek nauki o sztukach walki (science of martial arts). Ta nowa specjalność naukowa powinna przechodzić od żargonu instruktorów do języka naukowego opisu. Wskazano na przyczyny najczęściej występujących błędów w terminologii sztuk walki.

3

Ascetyczny wymiar „ćwiczenia się w śmierci” w Drabinie raju św. Jana Klimaka

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Jasiewicz A.

Verbum Vitae

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2013

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tom 24

173-196

EN

‘The monk’s Home is his ‘tomb before the tomb… For no one leaves the tomb until the general resurrection. But if some depart, know that they have died’. The monk lives as though dead on the earth yet. Climacus highlights the profound importance of understanding the practices like ‘remembrance of death’ and metaphorical usage of ‘death’ for interpreting the ideals and tools of Christian asceticism. For John Climacus, the event and concept of death provide the organizing logic for ascetic life – principles according to which the monk can make progress by guarding his heart, by repentance and cry, prayer, struggle, and humility.

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Cele, zadania, struktura i funkcje wojsk obrony terytorialnej w XXI wieku

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Michalak A.

Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka

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2017

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nr 3

27-36

PL

Obecnie Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej w Polsce stanowią odrębny Rodzaj Sił Zbrojnych. Podkreśla to ich ważne miejsce w systemie obronnym RP. Artykuł stanowi krótką próbę podsumowania znaczenia wojsk obrony terytorialnej w XXI wieku. Przedstawia współczesne zagrożenia jako podstawowy determinant budowy tej formacji. W sposób syntetyczny ujmuje zadnia stawiane tym wojskom w różnych stanach funkcjonowania państwa zarówno w funkcji zewnętrznej, jak i wewnętrznej sił zbrojnych. Opisane są cele stawiane wojskom obrony terytorialnej z punktu widzenia aktualnych potrzeb państwa, a także wymagania wobec ich struktur i funkcji w tym zakresie.

EN

Currently, the Territorial Defense Forces in Poland constitute a separate type of Armed Forces. This highlights their important place in the defense system of the Republic of Poland. This article is a brief attempt to summarize the role of the territorial defense forces in the 21st century. It presents contemporary threats as the primary determinant of the creation of this formation. In a synthetic way, it reflects on the demands placed on these troops in various states of functioning of the state, both as external and internal forces. The objectives set for the territorial defense forces are described from the point of view of current state needs, as well as the requirements for their structures and functions in this respect.

5

Wobec fatalizmu Losu (Stanisław Wyspiański „Klątwa” – John Millington Synge „Jeźdźcy do morza”). Szkic

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Olszewska M. J. , Uniwersytet Warszawski I. L. P. , mj.olszewska@uw.edu.pl

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nr 3

EN

The article presents an analysis of two literary works – Klątwa [Curse] by Stanisław Wyspiański (1869–1907) and the Riders to the Sea by John Millington Synge (1871–1909), examined in the context of elements characteristic of ancient tragedy the present in their structure. As a result, although both plays are set in the countryside, they go beyond the naturalistic convention and are more reminiscent of tragic miniatures. They employ the poetics of maximum condensation. Both Klątwa and Riders to the Sea are a modern reading of ancient tragedy, consistently recognised by the authors to be the highest form of playwriting. Wyspiański’s and Synge’s characters are struggling with the real world, with the difficulties of everyday life, but also with the world transcendent to their consciousness, which turns out to be incomprehensible and terrifying at the same time, where forces of Fate rule, to which man is vulnerable. Synge’s heroine surrenders to fate, while the character in Klątwa stands up for herself and fight. Each of them defends her human dignity in her own way.

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Norwid jako strateg w kontekście rozważań o walce i wojnie

51%

Kasperski E.

Studia Norwidiana

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2015

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tom 33

51-76

EN

Norwid’s deliberations about strategy were not a very well known but important and inventive current in his thought and literary work. In his concise essay La philosophie de la guerre, in the rhapsody Fulminant and in numerous poems, poetical digressions, remarks, notes and memorials the writer defined strategy as a domain of knowledge, a kind of art and a practical skill, necessary to reach long-range historical aims, and especially – in the particular situation of the partitions of Poland and in the face of the lost uprisings – to conduct an efficient struggle for independence, ending in a success. Opposing the long-term planning and strategic actions to a war, a battle, a skirmish and short-term plots – or in one word: to “bloody episodes, “convulsive straining”, futile martyrdom and fatalities, Norwid advocated a peaceful struggle carried on incessantly and consistently, a struggle that aimed at realizing positive human values, and not selfish goals. He thought that this kind of “struggle is a normal task of Humanity” and a universal law of history; whereas bloody war – is a license and an exception, acceptable only in the situation of a “just war”, in defense of universal values that were vio¬lated. According to this conception the writer contrasted the “soldier’s” attitude capable of he-roism first of all in everyday life and everyday work, with the “marauding soldier’s” one, taking one’s anger out on other people in aggression, violence; one greedy for blood and revenge. Hence in Norwid’s understanding it was the ability to predict and forestall events and to take precautionary measures in time that was the essence of strategy. He also connected successful strategy with working out and keeping to “a perfectly well conceived plan” that, owing to earlier preparations, concentrating the means in the right place and time, as well as to well thought out maneuvers, eliminated or reduced to a necessary minimum the use of physical force and violence towards the opponent. The basis of strategy was then formed by a long-range intellectual conception, and also by the ability to carry on struggle with various means, including also struggle “on the field of the idea” and “on the field of the word”.