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PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki plastomerycznego i komputerowego modelowania walcowania regulowanego stali w klasie wytrzymałościowej X80 przy temperaturach z zakresu 820÷900 °C, średniej prędkości odkształcenia 5s-1 i różnych rozkładów pojedynczych gniotów w poszczególnych przepustach.
EN
In the paper the results of plastometric and computer modeling of the controlled rolling of strength class X80 steel for 900→820 °C range, average strain rate E avr=5 s-1 and different distributions of particular reductions between passes were presented.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono analizę efektywności wdrożenia nowej technologii, procesu walcowania normalizującego w przedsiębiorstwie hutniczym. Analiza została przeprowadzona przy użyciu archiwalnych danych finansowych z przedsiębiorstwa z lat 2000^2004. Ponadto autorzy opisali podstawy procesu walcowania regulowanego oraz prace badawczo rozwojowe niezbędne do wdrożenia nowej innowacyjnej technologii w przedsiębiorstwie hutniczym.
EN
In the work the analysis of the efficiency of the application of the new technology of normalized rolling process in a steel plant was shown. The analysis was carried out using the archival financial data from the factory from 2000+2004 years. Additionally authors described the fundamentals of the control rolling process and research and development activities needed for application of the new innovation technology in a steel plant. Controlled rolling is a variant of the plastic working of metals and alloys, which is characterized by controllable stock heating conditions, temperature and deformation parameters strictly defined for a given chemical composition and preset product cooling conditions at different plastic working stages. As a result, the preset structure is obtained, along with a special type of substructures and hardening phases that assure a simultaneous enhancement of strength and impact resistance or provide special properties for the material.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono badania stali o zawartości około 0,1 %C, 0,8 %Mn z dodatkiem Al, który sprzyja powstawaniu w stali drobnoziarnistej struktury. Podczas badań próbki nagrzewano do temperatur: 910 i 1100 °C, austenityzowano w tych temperaturach przez 300s, a następnie chłodzono z szybkościami z zakresu: 0,1÷150 °C/s. Próbki po chłodzeniu poddano badaniom metalograficznym w celu ujawnienia powstałej struktury oraz określono twardość metodą Vickers’a. W wyniku przeprowadzonych kompleksowych badań opracowano dwa wykresy CTPc dla badanej stali.
EN
In this work the investigations of the steel with 0,1 %C, 0,8 %Mn and Al addition which favor the fine structure of steel obtaining were presented. During investigations the specimens were heated to temperature: 910 °C and 1100°C and austenitized in these temperatures by 300 s, and then cooled with cooling rate: 0.1÷150 °C/s. The specimens after the cooling process were investigated in metallographic way to reveal details of formed structure and the Vickers’ hardness were measured. As a result of complex investigation two CTPc diagrams were elaborated.
4
Content available remote The physical modelling of a normalising rolling of plates of S460NL1 steel grade
84%
EN
Purpose: The aim of the present work was to demonstrate that, in laboratory conditions and using a physical simulator of metallurgical processes, it us possible to reflect the actual production process and, at the same time, to simulate new, not necessarily perfect rolling technologies, while not incurring any outlays on industrial lots of a new product line. Design/methodology/approach: The article present the results of physical simulations of the process of rolling plates of steel S460NL1 on the finishing stand of a reversing mill. The simulations were performed for three final plate thicknesses, namely 8, 10 and 12 mm. Findings: The purpose of the simulations was to select the conditions of band deformation with the aim of obtaining, directly after rolling, a material structure corresponding to the structure obtained from normalizing annealing. Thus, the simulations reflected the normalizing rolling process. Practical implications: The researches carried out has allowed to elaborate new technology of production of rolling plate without a additional thermal treatment like as normalisation. It allow to decrease a time and total cost of production for this sort of product. Originality/value: The investigation carried out has confirmed that it is possible to obtain and manufacture 8, 10 and 12 mm-thick plates of S460NL1 grade steel by normalizing rolling in the conditions of the plant under consideration.
5
Content available remote Development of the microalloyed constructional steels
84%
EN
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present the development and the technical importance of the HSLA-type microalloyed constructional steels (High Strength Low Alloy) in selected industry branches. Design/methodology/approach: A mechanism of the interaction of Nb, Ti, V and B microadditions introduced into the steel on mechanical properties of selected metallurgical products with the fine-grained structure, forming under the properly selected hot-working conditions with the of (M-Nb, Ti, V; X-N,C) interstitial phases MX-type is discussed. Findings: The requirements concerning the metallurgical process, continuous casting of steel and the necessity of adjusting the hot-working conditions to the precipitation kinetics of the dispersive MX phases particles in austenite, in the controlled rolling or thermo-mechanical treatment processes are indicated. Research limitations/implications: The continuation of investigations concerning the thermo-mechanical rolling of automotive sheets with the multiphase structure of microalloyed steels is planned. Practical implications: The indicated data, coming also from the own research, are of practical use in relation to manufacturing the metallurgical products and machine elements of high strength and crack resistance, also at low temperatures. Originality/value: The results contribute to the development of rolling and forging technologies of the microalloyed steel (HSLA) elements produced using the energy-saving thermo-mechanical treatment methods.
PL
Badania przedstawione w pracy wykonano dla eksperymentalnej stali przeznaczonej do produkcji blachy spełniającej wymagania dla gatunku X80 według normy API5L. Fizyczne modelowanie procesu walcowania przeprowadzono za pomocą symulatora GLEEBLE 3800. Wykorzystano kowadła i próbki umożliwiające uzyskanie w odkształconej próbce płaskiego stanu odkształcenia, reprezentującego stan odkształcenia panujący w rzeczywistym procesie walcowania blach. Po walcowaniu stal ta powinna uzyskać minimalną granicą plastyczności wynoszącą 551 MPa oraz wytrzymałość na rozciąganie powyżej 620 MPa.
EN
The research presented in the current paper was carried out for the experimental steel designed for plate which meets the requirements for grade X80 according to API5L. Physical modeling of the rolling process was carried out using the GLEEBLE 3800 simulator. The anvils and the specimens were used which enable to obtain in the deformed metal the plane state of the deformation representing the deformation state in the real process of plate rolling. After rolling the steel should obtain the minimal yield strength limit of 551 MPa and tensile strength over 620 MPa.
EN
The influence of a change of the finish rolling temperature on the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of 3 selected types of the medium to high-carbon steel (H02C050, H09C070, H09C080) in relation to the intended normalized or thermomechani-cal rolling in the continuous wire rod mill at Trinecke żelezarny a.s^ (further TZ) was assessed. The laboratory rolling mill Tandem in the Institute of modelling and control of forming processes at VSB-Technical University of Ostrava was used for the laboratory experiments. All the rolled products were evaluated on the basis of the metallographic investigations and tensile tests. The resulting properties are a function of the carbon equivalent; they are not dependent, however, on the parameters of the finish rolling.
PL
Oceniono wpływ zmiany temperatury walcowania wykańczającego na charakterystykę strukturalną i właściwości mechaniczne dla 3 wybranych gatunków stali (H02C050, H09C070, H09C080) z grup stali średnio- i wysokowęglowych, w odniesieniu do założonych warunków walcowania normalizującego oraz walcowania z obróbką ćieplno-mechaniczną, realizowanych na walcarce walcówki ciągłej w Trinecke żelezarny a.s. (TZ). W badaniach laboratoryjnych wykorzystano walcarkę Tandem, będącą w posiadaniu Instytutu Modelowania i Sterowania Procesami Przeróbki Plastycznej VSB-Technical University w Ostrawie. Dla próbek pobranych z wszystkich wyrobów walcowanych wykonano badania metalograficzne oraz próby rozciągania. Otrzymane właściwości stali są funkcją równoważnika węgla, są niezależne, natomiast pośrednio zależą od parametrów walcowania wykańczającego.
8
Content available remote Carbide spheroidisation in 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel by controlled rolling
84%
EN
Purpose: This article describes influence of thermomechanical treatment parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel. Design/methodology/approach: Steel properties after accelerated carbide spheroidisation enables machining and cold forming as well as after conventional soft annealing. Apparently, structure after accelerated carbide spheroidisation is significantly finer than after long duration soft annealing – in terms of carbide particles and grain size. That enhances steel hardness and homogeneity of the structure in final state after hardening. Findings: Presented experiment deals with accelerated carbide spheroidisation of 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel during final stage of hot rolling. Main purpose is to achieve microstructure consisting of globular carbides and ferritic matrix directly after hot forming. Research limitations/implications: The combination of a suitable forming temperature, an appropriate amount of deformation and a possible reheating lead to globular carbide formation during austenite decomposition instead of cementite lamellae. Originality/value: Experiment results are promising for quenching and tempering in comparison with structure after conventional soft annealing with coarser. Finer ASR structure retains finer austenite grain at quenching temperature and higher dispersion strengthening.
EN
The results of physical modelling process of plate rolling from superfine-grained constructional steel are presented in this work. Simulations were conducted with the help of Gleeble 3800 and a set of anvils which enable plane state of deformation. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of applied scheme of deformation and temperature of the finish rolling on the received final structure of samples after cooling them down to the room temperature. In the research for all schemes of analyzed deformation there was applied accelerated cooling to the temperature of 300 °C immediately after the last deformation. After deformation and cooling the samples were micrographically analyzed in order to reveal phase structure components and to determine the size of obtained ferrite grain.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki fizycznego modelowania procesu walcowania blach grubych z superdrobnoziarnistej stali konstrukcyjnej. Symulacje przeprowadzono wykorzystując urządzenie Gleeble 3800 i zestaw kowadeł do wytwarzania płaskiego stanu odkształcenia. Celem badań było określenie wpływu zastosowanego schematu odkształceń i temperatury końca walcowania na uzyskaną strukturę końcową próbek po ochłodzeniu do temperatury otoczenia. Dla wszystkich analizowanych schematów odkształceń zastosowano bezpośrednio po ostatnim odkształceniu, przyspieszone chłodzenie do temperatury 300 °C. Próbki po odkształceniach i chłodzeniu poddano analizie mikrograficznej w celu ujawnienia składników fazowych struktury oraz określenia uzyskanej wielkości ziarna ferrytu.
EN
The aim of the performed laboratory simulations was to verify chances of the production of hot rolled strips from a TRIP steel in conditions of the reversible rolling in the two-stand Steckel rolling mill. The unique experimental equipment was used for conducting these simulations. The laboratory hot rolled strips from the TRIP steel underwent subsequently the mechanical and microscopic analysis, which confirmed a possibility of processing this steel in the given type of rolling mills.
PL
Celem przeprowadzonych fizycznych symulacji było sprawdzenie możliwości produkcji blach taśmowych walcowanych na gorąco ze stali TRIP w warunkach nawrotnego walcowania w dwuklatkowej walcarce Steckla. Symulacje przeprowadzono na unikatowych urządzeniach laboratoryjnych. Badania właściwości mechanicznych i analiza mikroskopowa potwierdziły możliwość wytwarzania blach taśmowych ze stali TRIP w tego typu walcarkach.
EN
Purpose: Technical-economic aspects of the introduction of integrated technological lines for the production of metallurgical products are presented in the work. They have a special importance for microalloyed steels used in different branches of the industry. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was carried out on a basis of requirements concerning hot-working of microalloyed steels with high mechanical properties produced by the use of the controlled rolling and thermo-mechanical processing. Findings: A modification of some well-known integrated lines consisting in the introduction of the cooling machine between roughing and finishing trains, instead of reheating machine gives a possibility to realize a controlled rolling. Moreover, using retention shields makes possible to manufacture the products by the thermo-mechanical processing. Research limitations/implications: There is a necessity to adjust technological parameters to precise controlling a course of material processes. Practical implications: Development of demands concerning integrated lines enabling to realize the controlled rolling and thermo-mechanical processing. Originality/value: Manufacturing mass-scale products from microalloyed steels in integrated energy-saving lines.
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