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1
Content available An integrated laboratory for modelling, simulation, digital signal processing and control
100%
Ostanin A.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Białostockiej. Informatyka
|
2002
|
tom Z.1
163-180
EN
In this study, we discuss how engineering problems are defined in the classroom versus how such problems are formulated in the real-world. We present some result on integrated environment that allows students to bridges gap between software modeling, simulation and testing of actual systems through a common visual programming interface.
PL
W pracy dyskutujemy o tym jak problemy inżynierskie są definiowane w uczelni, a jak to się przedstawia w prawdziwym świecie. Przedstawione zostały niektóre wyniki badań, otrzymanych na zintegrowanym otoczeniu MATLAB/SIMULINK/dSPACE, który pozwala studentom do nawiązania mostów między oprogramowaniem do modelowania, symulacji i testowania faktycznych systemów przez wspólne wzrokowe połączenie interfejsowe.
2
Content available Uczenie ze wzmocnieniem regulatora Takagi-Sugeno metodą elementów ASE/ACE
100%
Zajdel R.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
|
2005
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tom R. 51, nr 1
47-49
PL
W artykule opisano zastosowanie algorytmu uczenia ze wzmocnieniem metodą elementów ASE/ACE do uczenia następników reguł regulatora rozmytego Takagi-Sugeno. Poprawność proponowanych rozwiązań zweryfikowano symulacyjnie w sterowaniu układem wahadło odwrócone - wózek. Przeprowadzono również eksperymenty porównawcze z klasyczną siecią elementów ASE/ACE. Pokazano zalety i wady rozwiązania klasycznego i rozmytego.
EN
The adaptation of reinforcement learning algorithm with the use of ASE/ACE elements for rule consequence learning of the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic controller is proposed. The solution is applied to control of the cart-pole system and tested by computer simulations. The original neuronlike elements ASE/ACE are simulated as well. Advantages and disadvantages of the both approaches (fuzzy and classical) are demonstrated.
3
Content available The Application of an Adaptive Controller Combined with the LQR Controller for the Inverted Pendulum
100%
Żegleń J.
Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
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2019
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tom R. 23, nr 4
47--54
EN
The inverted pendulum is an unstable system with nonlinear dynamics. The task of controlling the inverted pendulum is complex. Therefore, the inverted pendulum over the years has become one of the most important systems on which every controller is tested. Here the objective is to control the system in such a way that the inverted pendulum stabilizes in the upright position. This analysis proposes a non-linear Lyapunov-based controller. The controller at hand, only provides the pendulum’s stabilization, therefore an additional module is needed – in this case the LQR controller. Both modules are combined with each other by using a two-loop parallel design. The newly designed controller has been experimentally tested and compared to the single LQR controller.
PL
Odwrócone wahadło jest niestabilnym systemem o nieliniowej dynamice. Zadanie sterowania wahadłem odwróconym jest trudne, dlatego też układ ten przez lata stał się jednym z najważniejszych systemów, na których testowane są wszelkiego rodzaju regulatory. Celem sterowania systemem jest ustabilizowanie wahadła odwróconego w pozycji pionowo skierowanej ku górze. W artykule zaproponowano nowy algorytm adaptacyjny dla wahadła, będący kombinacją regulatora LQR oraz regulatora nieliniowego bazującego na twierdzeniu Lapunova. Oba moduły są połączone za pomocą dwupętlowej konstrukcji równoległej. Nowo zaprojektowany regulator został przetestowany eksperymentalnie i porównany z niezależnym modułem LQR.
4
Content available Modeling of two-wheeled self-balancing robot driven by DC gearmotors
100%
Frankovsky P. , Dominik L. , Gmiterko A. , Virgala I. , Kurylo P. , Perminova O.
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
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2017
|
tom Vol. 22, no. 3
739--747
EN
This paper is aimed at modelling a two-wheeled self-balancing robot driven by the geared DC motors. A mathematical model consists of two main parts, the model of robot’s mechanical structure and the model of the actuator. Linearized equations of motion are derived and the overall model of the two-wheeled self-balancing robot is represented in state-space realization for the purpose of state feedback controller design.
5
Content available remote Dry friction of bearings on dynamics and control of an inverted pendulum
84%
Guida D. , Nilvetti F. , Pappalardo C. M.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2010
|
tom Vol. 38, nr 1
80-94
EN
Purpose: Investigation of dry friction parameters on the control system of a cart pendulum. Design/methodology/approach: A geometrical approach has been used to analyze the influence of bearing friction on the cart-pendulum dynamics. This approach was developed by one of authors in the paper “ Influence of the Variation between Static and Kinetic Friction on Stick-Slip Instability” pubblished by WEAR 1993. Findings: Relations that allow us to evaluate how the friction parameters of bearings influence the performances of the control system of a cart-pendulum. Research limitations/implications: The “a priori knowing” of friction parameters is the intrinsic limitation of this method. Originality/value: A novel methodology for designing of more effective control systems.
6
Content available remote Optimal control of an inverted pendulum based on the new method of Lyapunov exponents estimation
84%
Balcerzak M.
|
2018
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tom Vol. 22, nr 1
25--32
EN
This text covers optimization of an inverted pendulum control system according to the new control performance assessment criterion based on the optimal control theory. The novel control performance index is founded on the method of the Largest Lyapunov Exponent estimation. The detailed description of the new method is provided. Model of the control object is presented. A simple controller is proposed. Parameters of the controller are optimized with respect to the novel criterion by means of the Differential Evolution method. Results of numerical simulations are presented. It is shown that the new criterion can be successfully applied when the regulation time is crucial, whereas somewhat larger overshoot is acceptable.
7
Content available Urządzenia pomiarowe wykorzystywane w dydaktycznych stanowiskach laboratoryjnych
84%
Maślanka K. , Rękawek P. , Janusz J. , Kłosiński J.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
|
2014
|
tom R. 60, nr 8
556--559
PL
W pracy zaprezentowano urządzenia pomiarowe zainstalowane w dwu stanowiskach do badania zachowania wybranych układów regulacji położenia. Są to: stanowisko wahadła odwróconego umieszczonego na ruchomej platformie poruszającej się po poziomych prowadnicach oraz stanowisko równoważni utrzymującej kulkę w wybranej pozycji na prowadnicach, które mogą wykonywać ruch obrotowy względem osi poziomej. Obydwa obiekty regulacji są strukturalnie niestabilne i wymagają doboru regulatorów o odpowiednio dobranych nastawach. Stanowiska wykonano i przetestowano. Wyniki badań eksperymentalnych przeprowadzonych w trakcie testów stanowisk przedstawiono w postaci charakterystyk czasowych, również zamieszczono zauważone uwagi eksploatacyjne. Poza tym w pracy umieszczono również schemat układu elektrycznego enkodera oraz okna programu wizualizacyjnego obsługującego układy regulacji przemieszczenia w stanowiskach. Stanowiska były prezentowane na kilku prestiżowych prezentacjach i konkursach ciesząc się dużym zainteresowaniem i bardzo dobrą oceną komisji konkursowych. Mogą być wykorzystane zarówno w działalności dydaktycznej jak i pracach naukowych dotyczących sterowania obiektami strukturalnie niestabilnymi.
EN
The measuring devices used in two stands for testing selected displacement control systems are described in the paper. The stands are: the stand of inverted pendulum located on a movable platform – the platform can move on horizontal guides, and the stand with a balancing beam ensuring the stabilization of the ball in a selected position on rail guides – the beam can rotate in regard to the horizontal axis. Both controlled objects are structurally unstable and require the use of controllers with specially selected parameters. The stands have been built and tested. The results of experimental tests shown in the form of time characteristics as well as the remarks concerning stands exploitation of the stands are presented. Moreover, the electric scheme of the encoder system and the computer interface windows of the monitoring programs used for controlling the displacement control systems are contained in the paper. The stands were presented on several prestigious presentations and competitions with a very good estimate of the competitive commission. They can be used in didactic activity as well as in research works concerning control of structurally instable objects.
8
Content available D-decomposition technique for stabilization of Furuta pendulum: fractional approach
84%
Mandić P. D. , Lazarević M. P. , Šekara T. B.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
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2016
|
tom Vol. 64, nr 1
189--196
EN
In this paper, the stability problem of Furuta pendulum controlled by the fractional order PD controller is presented. A mathematical model of rotational inverted pendulum is derived and the fractional order PD controller is introduced in order to stabilize the same. The problem of asymptotic stability of a closed loop system is solved using the D-decomposition approach. On the basis of this method, analytical forms expressing the boundaries of stability regions in the parameters space have been determined. The D-decomposition method is investigated for linear fractional order systems and for the case of linear parameter dependence. In addition, some results for the case of nonlinear parameter dependence are presented. An example is given and tests are made in order to confirm that stability domains have been well calculated. When the stability regions have been determined, tuning of the fractional order PD controller can be carried out.
9
Content available remote Friction compensation in the inverted pendulum controller by means of a neural network
84%
Balcerzak M.
|
2018
|
tom Vol. 22, nr 4
875--883
EN
This paper presents an experimental confirmation of the novel method of friction modelling and compensation. The method has been applied to an inverted pendulum control system. The practical procedure of data acquisition and processing has been described. Training of the neural network friction model has been covered. Application of the obtained model has been presented. The main asset of the presented model is its correctness in a wide range of relative velocities. Moreover, the model is relatively easy to build.
10
Content available Robot balansujący - implementacja
84%
Lebioda S. , Sidzina M. , Jabłoński A. , Kłosiński J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej
|
2017
|
tom Nr 55
29--34
PL
W artykule przedstawiono projekt i realizację dwukołowego robota mobilnego działającego na zasadzie wahadła odwróconego z dwoma niezależnymi napędami. Zaprojektowany system kontroli pozycji został wykonany w oparciu o czujnik żyroskopowy oraz akcelerometr wraz z własnym oprogramowaniem sterującym pozycją robota. Własny algorytm sterujący zapewnia utrzymanie równowagi oraz możliwość zadawania kierunku ruchu poprzez interfejs umieszczony na urządzeniu mobilnym.
EN
The article presents the design and implementation of a two-wheeled mobile robot acting on the principle of inverted pendulum with two degrees of freedom. The design of the position control system was based on a gyro sensor and an accelerometer with its own robot position control software. Its own control algorithm ensures balance and the ability to set the direction of travel via the interface on the mobile device. The first implementation of this model has the ability to trace setpoints and control signals, allowing for additional analysis of the control system. Measurement results will be helpful in future work on the implementation of control algorithms such as Fuzzy Logic, LQR or more complex cascade control systems. The correct operation of the control system is also related to the careful execution of the actual prototype. Robots construction during the prototype process has significantly changed its dimensions. The common denominator, however, is the construction concept resembling scaffolding, which significantly accelerated the prototyping process with the ability to quickly and easily change the configuration of elements in the structure. Presented robot is the first prototype and next versions are prepared with additional functions such as the ability to automatically achieve vertical position, further application development for mobile devices allowing to change the current parameters of the control system and supplement of the system with sensors to avoid collision.
11
Content available Using the generalized inverted pendulum to generate less energy-consuming trajectories for humanoid walking
84%
Omran S. , Sakka S. , Aoustin Y.
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
|
2016
|
tom Vol. LXIII, nr 2
245--262
EN
This paper proposes an analysis of the effect of vertical position of the pivot point of the inverted pendulum during humanoid walking. We introduce a new feature of the inverted pendulum by taking a pivot point under the ground level allowing a natural trajectory for the center of pressure (CoP), like in human walking. The influence of the vertical position of the pivot point on energy consumption is analyzed here. The evaluation of a 3D Walking gait is based on the energy consumption. A sthenic criterion is used to depict this evaluation. A consequent reduction of joint torques is shown with a pivot point under the ground.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono propozycję analizy efektów zmiany pozycji pionowej punktu obrotu wahadła odwróconego użytego do modelowania chodu robota człekopodobnego. Wprowadzona modyfikacja wahadła polega na przesunięciu punktu obrotu poniżej poziomu gruntu, co umożliwia uzyskanie naturalnej trajektorii środka nacisku (CoP), jak w chodzie człowieka. Przeanalizowano wpływ pozycji pionowej punktu obrotu na zużycie energii. Dokonano oceny chodu w trzech wymiarach, bazując na konsumpcji energii. W ocenie zastosowano także kryterium minimum kwadratów momentów obrotowych (sthenic criterion). Uzyskana tą drogą redukcja momentów obrotowych stawów jest widoczna, gdy punkt obrotu znajduje się poniżej poziomu gruntu.
12
Content available remote Optimization of the inverted pendulum controller with friction compensation by means of the new method of Lyapunov exponents estimation
84%
Balcerzak M.
|
2018
|
tom Vol. 22, nr 4
959--965
EN
This text covers optimization of an inverted pendulum control system with friction compensator. The control system is tuned with respect to a performance index based on the novel method of the Largest Lyapunov Exponent estimation. The detailed description of the method is provided. Model of the control object is presented. A simple controller is proposed. Two control systems are compared: the one with compensator and the one without. Parameters of both controllers are optimized with respect to the novel criterion by means of the Differential Evolution method. Results of numerical simulations are presented. It is shown that the new criterion can be successfully applied to both: typical linear regulators and controllers with compensators.
13
Content available Modeling the interaction between two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle and its rider
84%
Ciężkowski M.
|
|
tom Vol. 18, no. 2
341--351
EN
The paper presents a modeling method and mathematical description of a two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle and its rider. A model of the rider that was used contains a model of the ankle joint, so we could determine the interaction between the rider and the vehicle. The paper presents results of computer simulations , which show the fundamental processes during riding, such as acceleration and braking.
14
Modelowanie ruchu robota humanoidalnego z wykorzystaniem koncepcji podwójnego odwróconego wahadła
67%
Żurawska M. S. , Zielińska T. , Szumowski M.
|
|
tom z. 195, t. 1
125--134
PL
W artykule zaproponowano model odwzorowujący cechy chodu człowieka. Model ten składa się z dwu odwróconych wahadeł połączonych parą obrotową. Masy punktowe znajdujące się na wahadłach mogą przesuwać się. Dzięki wprowadzeniu sterowanej zmiany położenia mas, model może zostać wykorzystany nie tylko do opisania podstawowych sytuacji ruchowych (jak np. chód, bieg), ale również daje możliwość opisania złożonych sytuacji, jak np. popchnięcie obiektu w plecy, czy zmiany rodzaju chodu (np. przejście z chodu do biegu). W artykule przeanalizowano dane uzyskane z eksperymentów dotyczących podstawowych (chód i bieg) i złożonych (popchnięcie obiektu w plecy) sytuacji ruchowych. Na ich podstawie przeprowadzono weryfikację zaproponowanego modelu. Weryfikacja opisanej koncepcji polegała na odtworzeniu sytuacji popchnięcia obiektu w plecy z wykorzystaniem modelu podwójnego odwróconego wahadła.
EN
The simple model which allows to represent the kinematic synergies in the human motion was proposed. The model consists of two inverted pendulums connected by revolute joint. The position of pendulum point masses is not constant, the possibility of changing their position allows to imititate the properties of not only the basic movements (e.g. walking, running) but also of the complex motions like postural push recovery or gait transitions. For establishing this model the experimental data were considered for walking, running and push recovery. Based on experiments proposed model was verified. The push recovery behaviour was succesfully modelled using the concept of double inverted pendulum with movable masses.
15
Content available remote Novel method of friction identification with application for inverted pendulum control system
67%
Balcerzak M.
|
2018
|
tom Vol. 22, nr 4
1239--1245
EN
This text covers a novel method of friction identification for control systems. The friction function in the inverted pendulum model is described by means of a cubic polynomial. The method has been tested using the data recorded on a real inverted pendulum. It has been proven that the proposed cubic model offers the same level of accuracy as the Coulomb model. However, all the difficulties caused by Coulomb's model discontinuity are omitted.
16
Content available remote Swing-up problem of an inverted pendulum - energy space approach
67%
Balcerzak M.
|
2018
|
tom Vol. 22, nr 1
33--40
EN
This paper describes a novel, energy space based approach to the swing-up of an inverted pendulum. The details of the swing-up problem have been described. Equations of the velocity-controlled have been presented. Design of the controller based on energy space notion has been elaborated. The control algorithm takes into account state constraints and control signal constraints. Parameters of the controller have been optimized by means of the Differential Evolution method. A numerical simulation of the inverted pendulum driven by the proposed controller has been conducted, its results have been presented and elaborated. The paper confirms that the proposed method results in a simple and effective swing-up algorithm for a velocity-controlled inverted pendulum with state constraints and control signal constraints.
17
Content available remote Optimization of the Control System Parameters with Use of the New Simple Method of the Largest Lyapunov Exponent Estimation
59%
Balcerzak M. , Dąbrowski A. , Kapitaniak T. , Jach A.
Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering
|
2013
|
tom Vol. 17, nr 4
225--239
EN
This text covers application of Largest Lapunov Exponent (LLE) as a criterion for control performance assessment (CPA) in a simulated control system. The main task is to find a simple and effective method to search for the best configuration of a controller in a control system. In this context, CPA criterion based on calculation of LLE by means of a new method [3] is compared to classical CPA criteria used in control engineering [1]. Introduction contains references to previous publications on Lyapunov stability. Later on, description of classical criteria for CPA along with formulae is presented. Significance of LLE in control systems is explained. Moreover, new efficient formula for calculation of LLE [3] is shown. In the second part simulation of the control system used for experiment is described. The next part contains results of the simulation in which typical criteria for CPA are compared with criterion based on value of LLE. In the last part results of the experiment are summed up and conclusions are drawn.
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