Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Forecastion as the method of the remediation of soilless areas of the Lignite Mine Turów

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Wójcik J. , Krzaklewski W.

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2009

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tom T. 25, z. 3

171-187

EN

The paper presents the results of the impact assessment of the remediation forestation on the external waste heap of the Lignite Mine KWB Turów, on the processes of gradual transformation of raw overburden rocks into soil. Changes of selected physical and chemical properties of the ground, taking place after 10 and 30 years during human-controlled and natural processes on the surfaces representing different species composition of forestations, were analysed. The results of the studies indicate beneficial effects, especially on humus-forming processes of the phyto-remediation species, i.e.: the black alder (Alnus glutinosa) and grey alder (Alnus incana).

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki oceny wpływu zalesień rekultywacyjnych wprowadzonych na zwałowisko zewnętrzne KWB 'Turów', na procesy stopniowego przekształcania 'surowych' skał nadkładu w glebę. Analizie poddano zmiany wybranych właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych gruntu jakie zaszły po okresie 10 i 30 lat w toku sterowanych przez człowieka oraz samoistnych procesów, na powierzchniach reprezentujących zalesienia o różnym składzie gatunkowym. Wyniki uzyskanych badań wskazują na korzystne oddziaływanie, zwłaszcza na procesy próchnicotwórcze, gatunków z grupy fitomelioracyjnych, tj.: olszy czarnej i olszy szarej.

2

Effect of organic wastes on changes of selected indicators of soil fertility

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Jasiewicz C. , Baran A.

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2008

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tom Vol. 15, nr 10

1085-1092

EN

The investigations aimed at an assessment of the effect of organic wastes and NPK on chosen parameters of soil fertility. The research was conducted in 2004-2006 as a pot experiment on a soil with a weakly loamy sand tex-ture, pHkcl = 4.66, organic C content 11.2 g ź kg-1 and very low content of bioavailable phosphorus and potas-sium. According to limit heavy metal contents, the soil used for the experiment revealed their natural contents. The experimental design comprised 11 treatments differing with the kind of applied fertilizers. The experiment used: mineral salts, farmyard manure, municipal and industrial sewage sludge on two levels of fertilization. Over the three-year period of investigations the highest rate of soil acidification was registered on mineral treatments. Among the organic materials, fertilizer activity of compost caused an improvement of soil acidification indicators. The highest content of organic carbon and total nitrogen were determined in the soil fertilized with farmyard manure. Applied mineral and organic fertilization increased the content of bioavailable forms of phosphorus and potassium in soil in comparison with the control soil. The lowest contents of bioavailable forms of P and K in soil were assessed in industrial sewage sludge treatments.

PL

W latach 2004-2006 w warunkach doświadczenia wazowego badano wpływ odpadów organicznych i NPK na wybrane parametry żyzności gleby. Do doświadczenia użyto glebę o składzie granulometrycznym piasku słabo gliniastego, pHkcl 4,66, zawartości C-org. wynoszącej 11,2 g ź kg-1 oraz bardzo małej zawartości przyswajalnego fosforu i potasu. Według granicznych zawartości metali ciężkich, gleba użyta w doświadczeniu wykazywała natu-ralną ich zawartość. Schemat doświadczenia obejmował 11 obiektów różniących się rodzajem wprowadzonych nawozów. W doświadczeniu wykorzystano: sole mineralne, obornik, kompost oraz osady ściekowe komunalny i przemysłowy na dwóch poziomach nawożenia. W 3-letnim okresie badań najszybsze tempo zakwaszenia gleby stwierdzono w obiektach z nawożeniem mineralnym. Spośród materiałów organicznych, działanie nawozowe kompostu spowodowało poprawę wskaźników zakwaszenia gleby. Największą zawartość węgla organicznego i azotu ogólnego stwierdzono w glebie nawożonej obornikiem. Zastosowane nawożenie mineralne i organiczne zwiększyło zawartość przyswajalnych form fosforu i potasu w glebie w porównaniu do gleby kontrolnej. Najmniejszą zawartość przyswajalnych form P i K w glebie stwierdzono w obiektach z osadem ze ścieków przemysłowych.

3

Effects of livestock exclusion on vegetation and soil properties under two topographic habitats in an alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Shi F. , Chen H. , Wu Y. , Wu N.

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2010

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tom Vol. 58, nr 1

125-133

EN

Long-term overgrazing has resulted in grassland deterioration and even desertification on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, we examined the characteristics of vegetation and soil properties in the livestock-excluded pastures and the adjacent grazed pastures under two topographic habitats (the flat valley and the south-facing slope). Seven-year exclusion of livestock has enhanced aboveground live biomass, root biomass and litter accumulation. Livestock exclusion has also increased soil bulk density and soil water content, soil organic C concentration, total N concentration and its transformation rate, and soil microbial activity. The results showed that livestock exclusion has facilitated vegetation recovery and improved physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. However, livestock exclusion has significantly decreased graminoid biomass accumulation, especially on the flat valley, the biodiversity also significantly decreased there. The results suggested that long-term livestock exclusion was disadvantageous for palatable forage production and biodiversity protection on the flat valley. Compared to the flat valley, the grassland on the south-facing slope was under more severe degradation, and the reversion was in a slower process. Thus, the optimal grassland management in the livestock-excluded pasture on the flat valley should include a low or moderate grazing intensity or adopt an alternate grazing system, but more effective and even longer livestock exclusion practice should be taken on the south-facing slope.

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Dynamics of sandy desertification and detection of sandy land/steppe boundary : vegetation and soil properties

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Xu D. , Xu X. , Xie Y. , Wang K.

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2012

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tom Vol. 60, nr 2

251-263

EN

Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems on a global scale. China suffers from desertification over large areas. Landscape boundaries profoundly influence the structure and function of landscapes, and influence ecological processes both locally and over large scales. Data on soil properties and vegetation collected on three 110 km parallel transects across sandy land-steppe transition zone in Yanchi county, Ningxia region, northwestern China, were used to analyze changes along the sandy land/steppe boundary by using the Moving Split Window (MSW), to determine desertification dynamics, and to explore changes of vegetation and soil properties among different desertification degree. Combining the dissimilarity profiles of soil particle size with importance value (IV) of vegetation, four boundaries were detected along transects. According to the four boundaries, we divided the whole sandy land/steppe ecotone area into five desertification categories: potential desertification (PD), light desertification (LD), medium desertification (MD), severe desertification (SD) and extreme desertification (ED). Sand fractions increased, while silt and clay fractions, soil organic C, total N and available N decreased and exhibited clear gradient changes from the potential desertification land to the extreme desertification land. All areas we studied have been desertificated at different degree based upon soil particle compositions at different depths. With the aggravation of sandy desertification, the steppe species dominating in the potential desertification land gradually gave place to arid and sand tolerant perennials and therophytes and eventually to psammophyte annuals and shrubs in the extreme desertification land.

5

Wpływ rodzaju gleby na zużywanie elementów roboczych doprawiających glebę

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Napiórkowski J. , Anders A.

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1998

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tom R. 6, nr 3

5-18

PL

Przedstawiono analizę porównawczą przebiegu zużywania elementów roboczych doprawiających glebę na przykładzie redliczki kultywatora, zęba brony zębowej, redliczki głębosza oraz telerza brony. Badania przeprowadzono w glebach żwirowych piaszczysto-gliniastych, glinie średniej oraz madach ilastych. Stwierdzono, że intensywność zużywania masowego elementów roboczych uzależniona jest obok właściwości fizyko-chemicznych gleby od rzeczywistej powierzchni jego tarcia. Największe zużycie masowe stwierdzono dla redlicy głębosza oraz talerza brony. Intensywność zużycia liniowego uzależniona jest od geometrii elementu roboczego i sposobu jego pracy. Najszybsze zmniejszenie ostrza skrawającego wystąpiło w redliczkach kultywatora i zębach brony. Stwierdzono intensywne zużywanie badanych elementów w glebach wytworzonych z iłów oraz zawierających dużo SiO2. Dla tej gleby wyznaczono także dominujący mechanizm zużywania. Badania uzupełniają obrysy charakterystycznych form zużywania elementów roboczych w zróżnicowanych warunkach. Wskazano powierzchnie o najszybszym zużywaniu, dla których należy opracować technologie wzmacniania powierzchniowego.

EN

The course of wear was studied and compared for different working elements of soil tillage implements. The elements such as a cultivator point, spike-tooth of a harrow, subsoiler coulter and a harrow disc were used. Field tests were carried out on three soil types of various physical and chemical properties: a gravelly - sandy - loamy soil, medium clay soil and alluvial - clay soil. The wear intensity (weight loss) of working elements depended on either, physico-chemical soil properties and actual friction surface. The most intesive wear (by weight) was observed in the case of a subsoiler coulter and harrow disc. The intensity of linear wear was affected by the geometry of working element and the mode of its action. Most rapid wear of the cutting edge was found for the cultivator points and spike-tooth of a harrow. Intensive wear was obtained on clay originated soils and the soil of hogh silicon dioxide (SiO2) content. Elementary frictions occuring in the wear process were determined for these soils. Subjected to the most intensive waar surfaces of working elements, to which the superficial reinforcement technique should be app

6

Natural forests of Quercus robur L. in Northwest Spain . main properties of soils

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Diaz-Maroto I. , Vila-Lameiro P.

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2007

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tom Vol. 55, nr 2

401-404

EN

The main properties of the soils under oak (Quercus robur L.) forests in Galicia (NW Spain) were characterized. Eleven edaphic parameters (pH,OM, N, C/N ratio, P, K, Ca, Mg, sand, silt and clay) were estimated in 39 soil samples. Siliceous substrates were presented in all stands and the soils were found to be the cambisols. The values of chemical parameters are similar to those considered as the optimal ones by other authors (i.e., average pH close to 5, average C/N ratio close to 15) with the exception of the organic matter which is slightly higher; the average value is equal to 8.64 [plus or minus] 5.19. The content of nutrients can be considered as the low or medium (for instance, the potassium is only 73 ppm) as compared with other forests in the study area, except the content of phosphorus, which is considerably higher (21.8 ppm versus 1-6 ppm).

7

Growth and nutrition of restored Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey. versus native Celtis australis L. tree species : conservation perspectives of Hyrcanian forest (Iran)

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Hosseini S. , Raouhi-Moghaddam E. , Ebrahimi E. , Rahmani A. , Tabari M.

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2010

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tom Vol. 58, nr 1

41-51

EN

For native species, mixed plantation systems seem to be the most appropriate for providing a broader range of options such as production, protection, biodiversity conservation and restoration. After 11 years, growth and nutrition and soil properties were examined in young plantation of two indigenous tree species in Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey. (as target species) and Celtis australis L. (as native component species) were planted in five proportions (100Q, 70Q:30C, 60Q:40C, 50Q:50C, 40Q:60C) in Noor, Iran. Diameter at breast height of individual Quercus trees and total basal area were affected by the presence of Celtis. Percent retranslocation of nutrients in Quercus followed in order: K> P> N. Leaf-litter fall production ranged from 4.10 to 6.14 t ha[^-1] year[^-1]. Ca and Mg concentrations in fully expanded leaves of Quercus, N and K retranslocation of Quercus, concentration of available P in soil were higher in some of the mixed plantations than in monoculture of Quercus. On the other hand, N concentration in fully expanded leaves of Quercus, N fluxes and soil C/N ratio were higher in monoculture of Quercus. Within the framework of this experiment, it appeared that production was maximized when these two species were grown together in the proportion of 60% Quercus and 40% Celtis.

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Problemy budowy składowiska odpadów niebezpiecznych w Tarnowskich Górach

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Wysokiński L. , Majer E.

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2002

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tom Vol. 50, nr 10/2

959-965

EN

In this paper, we present problems related to the construction of hazardous waste landfill in Tarnowskie Góry (Upper Silesia, Poland). Production lasting for several decades and lack of proper waste management resulted in pollution of underground water and soil in the vicinity of the Chemical Plant in Tarnowskie Góry. The scale of potential hazard is enormous. Continuous leaking of highly soluble compounds of barium and boron takes place from unsecured disposal pits. This pollution reaches the major groundwater basin - MGB Gliwice 330. It has been decided that this problem of Tarnowskie Góry will be solved by the construction of a disposal landfill, witch will accommodate all waste. Five sectors are planned; their total area will be 16 ha. Until 2002, first sector (KI) has been completed and is already in use.