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1

Vysokoškoláci - přehled hlavních sociologických výzkumů realizovaných v ČR

100%

Minksová L.

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tom 4

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nr 1

39-60

EN

This article summarizes previous sociological research on higher education students in the Czech Republic. It identifies the most important surveys carried out in the field and provides detailed information about twenty one higher education studies. Special attention is paid to a number of longitudinal surveys. The information presented in this review article identifies the main topics covered in previous higher education research. This article concludes by making suggestions for further research by highlighting those topics that have been examined in greater detail and those themes that have suffered relatively neglect thus far.

2

Vnímané účinky látky kratom u vybraného vzorku vysokoškolských studentů

63%

Váchová A. , Hanušová J.

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tom 17

1521-1531

CS

Kratom je v současné době často zmiňovanou látkou v médiích i mezi odbornou veřejností vzhledem k jeho návykovému potenciálu. Cílem výzkumného šetření bylo získat přehled o tom, z jakého důvodu oslovení studenti VŠ užili/užívají látku kratom a jaké pozitivní i negativní účinky při užívání kratomu pociťují. Celoživotní prevalence užívání kratomu ve vybrané skupině studentů VŠ tvořila 20% (108 respondentů). Nejčastějším důvodem užití kratomu mezi oslovenými respondenty byla zvědavost, která byla označena 76 x (70%). Tuto odpověď volili převážně respondenti, kteří užili kratom pouze jednou v životě. Druhým nejčastěji uvedeným důvodem byl jeho stimulační účinek, který byl označen 56 x (52%), následovalo zlepšení nálady a snížení stresu. Analgetické účinky kratomu, jako důvod užití, byly uvedeny 10 x (7%). Mezi nejčastěji zmiňované pozitivní účinky užívání kratomu patřil pocit uvolnění, zlepšení nálady, dodání energie. Z nežádoucích účinků kratomu převládala nevolnost, zvýšená žízeň a překvapivě také únava. Jelikož se průzkumu neúčastnil reprezentativní vzorek respondentů, nelze výsledky zobecňovat na všechny studenty vysokých škol v ČR.

EN

Kratom is currently a frequently mentioned substance in the media and among the professional public due to its addictive potential. The aim of the research investigation was to obtain an overview of the reasons why the university students interviewed have used/are using kratom and what positive and negative effects they felt when using kratom. The lifetime prevalence of kratom use in the selected group of university students was 20% (108 respondents). The most frequent reason for kratom use among our respondents was curiosity, which was indicated 76 times (70%). This answer was chosen mostly by respondents who had used kratom only once in their lives. The second most frequently reported reason was its stimulating effect, which was marked 56 times (52%), this was followed by mood improvement and stress reduction. The 1523 analgesic effects of kratom were mentioned 10 times (7%) as a reason for use. The most frequently mentioned positive effects of kratom use included feeling relaxed, improved mood, and energised. The adverse effects of kratom were dominated by nausea, increased thirst and, surprisingly, fatigue.As the survey did not include a representative sample of respondents, the results cannot be generalised to all university students in the Czech Republic.

3

Gender jako analytická kategorie pro porozumění sexuálnímu obtěžování

51%

Kolářová K. , Smetáčková I. , Pavlík P.

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nr 2

75-85

EN

In the article, the authors respond to the main arguments that were voiced during discussions of the results of the project ‘Sexual Harassment in Universities: Incidence and Perception’, which the authors’ team carried out in 2008-2009. They do not aim to defend the research itself, but rather to analyse the dominant discourse on sexual harassment in the Czech environment from a gender perspective. This is because they see a refusal to accept gender as a relevant analytical category. They argue for the fundamental role of gender in the conceptualization of sexual harassment and for further refinement of its significance in gender‑informed definitions of sexual harassment. In the authors’ opinion, these definitions do not sufficiently reflect the current state of gender theories. The main argument of the text concerns the relationship between sexual and gender‑motivated harassment. The gender perspective offers an intrinsically coherent conceptualization of sexual harassment, including its causes and options for handling individual cases. In the article, the authors discuss the extent to which the gender order is a precondition for sexual harassment. This view allows them to think also about the less discussed types of sexual harassment (e.g. homophobic harassment) or to consider the ambivalence of some situations in which sexual harassment occurs (i.e. the dynamics of pleasant and unpleasant feelings, women’s initiative, etc.). At the same time, it reveals that power inequalities do not result only from institutional hierarchies between teachers and students, but also from the logic of the existing gender order.

4

Úskalí on-line dotazování při měření postojů vysokoškoláků a pracovníků vysokých škol

51%

Ryšavý D.

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tom 5

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nr 1

85-103

EN

This article presents a critical evaluation of the growing popularity of online social surveys for the exploration of attitudes and behaviours within higher educational institutions. More specifically this article addresses a number of key issues: the construction of representative online samples, and the presentation of the results from an institutional census constructed from an online survey with a low response rate. The improper use of statistical significance tests, and the reporting of systematic errors when quota sampling is employed in surveys is also discussed. This study compares and evaluates four recent academic surveys: (a) the Czech wave of the EUROSTUDENT IV survey fielded by SC&C, (b) A Research Survey on Academic Staff at Czech Colleges and Universities undertaken by SC&C in 2009, (c) surveys of students and (d) employees at Palacky University Olomouc undertaken by the newly established Laboratory of Social Research. This article shows that an improper interpretation of online surveys resulted in a missrepresention of the views of university students and academic staff on the state of Czech higher education and opinions concerning different tertiary education reform measures.