Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Formation of environmentally friendly chloroorganic compounds technology by sewage and by-products utilization

100%

Myszkowski J. , Milchert E. , Paździoch W. , Pełech R.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2007

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tom 9

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nr 3

118-121

EN

The processes presented in the study enables the separation and disposal of the chloroorganic compounds as by-products from the vinyl chloride plant by using the dichlorethane method and also from the production of propylene oxide by the chlorohydrine method. The integrated purification method of steam stripping and adsorption onto activated carbon allows a complete removal and recovery of the chloroorganic compounds from waste water. Waste distillation fraction is formed during the production of vinyl chloride. 1,1,2-trichloroethane separated from the above fraction, can be processed to vinylidene chloride and further to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. 2,3-Dichloropropene, 2-chloroallyl alcohol, 2-chloroallylamine, 2-chlorothioallyl alcohol or bis(2-chloroallylamine) can be obtained from 1,2,3-trichloropropane. In the propylene oxide plant the waste 1,2-dichloropropane is formed, which can be ammonolysed to 1,2-diaminopropane or used for the production of β-methyltaurine. Other chloroorganic compounds are subjected to chlorinolysis which results in the following compounds: perchloroethylene, tetrachloromethane, hexachloroethane, haxachlorobutadiene and hexachlorobenzene. The substitution of the milk of lime by the soda lye solution during the saponification of chlorohydrine eliminates the formation of the CaCl2 waste.

2

Modification of the Acid-base and Catalytic Properties of CuCl2-KCl-LaCl3/-Al2O3 by MgAl2O4 in Ethane Oxychlorination

88%

Liu J. , Sui Y. , Zhou G. , Zhen K. , Zhang X. , Cheng T.

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2007

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tom Vol. 81, nr 1

95-101

EN

Effect of MgAl2O4 on the structure, acidity as well as catalytic activity of CuCl2-KCl-LaCl3/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst in ethane oxychlorination was studied. Impregnation of gamma-Al2O3 with Mg and Al nitrates formed magnesium aluminate spinel on the support. TPR results showed that Cu species were located on both -Al2O3 and MgA gamma2O4 phases. With modification of -Al2O3 by MgAl2O4, the interaction between Cu species and support weakened and the surface active species CuCl2 increased. Formation of MgA gamma2O4 leads to a decrease of strong acid sites and an increase of weak acid sites. Much larger quantities of coke were deposited on the CuCl2-KCl-LaCl3/gamma-Al2O3 than on the modified catalyst, which was attributed to its more strong acid sites. Based on these factors CuCl2-KCl-LaCl3/MgAl2O4-Al2O3 catalyst exhibits better catalytic activity and stability than gamma-Al2O3 supported catalyst, and the highest vinyl chloride selectivity reached 46.8% and was still 40.6% after 210 h reaction.

3

Zastosowanie katalizatorów zeolitowych do usuwania chlorku winylu w fazie gazowej

75%

Oszczudłowski J.

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1999

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tom Vol. 25, no. 3

73-82

PL

Badano reakcje katalitycznego utleniania chlorku winylu w obecności katalizatorów zeolitowych. Zwiększenie stężenia tlenu do około 20% obj. prowadzi do zmniejszenia ilości ubocznych produktów utleniania, takich jak tlenek węgla i fosgen, natomiast wzrost poziomu zawartości pary wodnej do 2% obj. powoduje spadek ilości depozytów węglowych (np. polichlorowane węglowodory).

EN

The catalytic oxidation of the vinyl chloride in the presence of the zeolite catalysts have been investigated. The increase of oxygen concentration to about 20% vol decreased amount of byproducts, such as: carbon monoxide, carbon chloride, and the increase of steam concentration to 2% vol decreased quantity of carbonaceous deposits (e.g. polychlorinated hydrocarbons).

4

Sequence-specific p53 gene damage by chloroacetaldehyde and its repair kinetics in Escherichia coli

63%

Kowalczyk P. , Cieśla J. M. , Saparbaev M. , Laval J. , Tudek B.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2006

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tom 53

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nr 2

337-347

EN

Oxidative stress and certain environmental carcinogens, e.g. vinyl chloride and its metabolite chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), introduce promutagenic exocyclic adducts into DNA, among them 1,N6-ethenoadenine (εA), 3,N4-ethenocytosine (εC) and N2,3-ethenoguanine (εG). We studied sequence-specific interaction of the vinyl-chloride metabolite CAA with human p53 gene exons 5-8, using DNA Polymerase Fingerprint Analysis (DPFA), and identified sites of the highest sensitivity. CAA-induced DNA damage was more extensive in p53 regions which revealed secondary structure perturbations, and were localized in regions of mutation hot-spots. These perturbations inhibited DNA synthesis on undamaged template. We also studied the repair kinetics of CAA-induced DNA lesions in E. coli at nucleotide resolution level. A plasmid bearing full length cDNA of human p53 gene was modified in vitro with 360 mM CAA and transformed into E. coli DH5α strain, in which the adaptive response system had been induced by MMS treatment before the cells were made competent. Following transformation, plasmids were re-isolated from transformed cultures 35, 40, 50 min and 1-24 h after transformation, and further subjected to LM-PCR, using ANPG, MUG and Fpg glycosylases to identify the sites of DNA damage. In adaptive response-induced E. coli cells the majority of DNA lesions recognized by ANPG glycosylase were removed from plasmid DNA within 35 min, while MUG glycosylase excised base modifications only within 50 min, both in a sequence-dependent manner. In non-adapted cells resolution of plasmid topological forms was perturbed, suggesting inhibition of one or more bacterial topoisomerases by unrepaired ε-adducts. We also observed delayed consequences of DNA modification with CAA, manifesting as secondary DNA breaks, which appeared 3 h after transformation of damaged DNA into E. coli, and were repaired after 24 h.

5

Oznaczanie chlorku winylu w wodzie z zastosowaniem techniki GC -MS w połączeniu z systemem Purge and Trap

63%

Kaniowska-Klarzyńska E. , Nowacka M.

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2011

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tom nr 12

50-52

PL

Od wielu lat powszechnie stosowanym narzędziem w analizie środowiskowej są techniki chromatograficzne. Dzięki chromatografom gazowym wyposażonym w detektory spektrometrii mas (GC-MS) i urządzenia P&T można z powodzeniem oznaczać lotne związki polarne o małych cząsteczkach. Chlorek winylu jest substancją rakotwórczą. W wodzie przeznaczonej do spożycia związek ten może pojawić się jako monomer uwalniany z rur PVC podczas transportu wody w instalacjach przesyłowych. W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę analityczną metody oznaczania chlorku winylu w wodzie oraz próby zastosowania opracowanej w Laboratorium Zakładu Higieny Komunalnej NIZP-PZH metody do badania tego związku w wodzie wodociągowej przesyłanej rurami z PVC. Badania prowadzono z użyciem chromatografu gazowego z spektrometrem mas (GC-MS) model Agilent Technologies 7890/5975C oraz z urządzeniem do wypłukiwania i wyłapywania TELEDYNE TEKMAR Velocity XPT Purge & Trap Sample Concentrator. Opracowana metoda charakteryzuje się wysoką czułością. Wyznaczona granica oznaczalności wynosi 0,060 microg/l. Średni odzysk metody wynosi 84,3%.

EN

Chromatographic techniques are commonly used tool in environmental analysis for many years. Using gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectroscopy detector (GC-MS), we can determine volatile and small polar compounds in water with good precision. Vinyl chloride is a carcinogenic substance. In drinking water, this compound can occur as a monomer released from PVC pipes during transport of water In this work the analytical characteristics of a GC-MS method for determination of vinyl chloride in water was shown, as well as the preliminary experiments of determination of VC in water from PVC water supplies. The study was conducted using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS), Agilent Technologies 7890/5975C model of the device to capture TELEDYNE TEKMAR Velocity XPT Purge & Trap Sample Concentrator. The developed method is characterized by high sensitivity. Determined detection limit is 0.060 microg/l. The average recovery of the method is 84.3%.