Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Variations in the physical properties of surf generated aerosols with altitude

100%

Zieliński T.

Oceanologia

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2003

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tom No. 45 (4)

643-653

EN

Vertical profiles of marine aerosol size distribution and concentration in the marine boundary layer over surf zones depend strongly on wind speed, direction and duration as well as the sea bottom profile. The measurements in the present study were carried out in various seasons of the year with all these factors being taken into consideration. The data with respect to offshore winds were neglected in the calculations, since in such cases the major aerosol contribution was from terrigenous and anthropogenic particles. It was confirmed that in the range of wind speeds from 1 m s-1 to 12 m s-1 there were measurable differences in the concentrations, particularly in the size distribution of marine aerosol particles at two stations differing with respect to their sea bottom profiles.

2

Preliminary results of lidar based studies of the aerosol vertical distribution in the lower troposphere over urban coastal areas

100%

Hałas M. , Błaszczak Z. , Grabowski J. , Papayannis A. , Zieliński T.

Oceanologia

|

2004

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tom No. 46 (3)

347-364

EN

The paper reports the results of lidar measurements performed in the lower troposphere during several measurement sessions in Athens (Greece) in 2000. For the sake of comparison, results of a similar study performed in Kołobrzeg (Poland) in 2001 are also given. These data indicate that the exhaust gases produced by motor transportation in the cities resulted in the formation of an inversion layer. The rate of convection of the inversion layer depends on the intensity of sunlight, the strength of winds and the morphology of the land. The inversion layer reaches the highest altitudes in the middle of summer, lower in early and late summer and the lowest in autumn. Over the sea the inversion layer altitude extends to several meters, but on moving inland it rises to a few hundred meters.

3

Variations in the physical properties of surf generated aerosols with altitude

75%

Zielinski T.

Oceanologia

|

2003

|

tom 45

|

nr 4

EN

Vertical profiles of marine aerosol size distribution and concentration in the marine boundary layer over surf zones depend strongly on wind speed, direction and duration as well as the sea bottom profile. The measurements in the present study were carried out in various seasons of the year with all these factors being taken into consideration. The data with respect to offshore winds were neglected in the calculations, since in such cases the major aerosol contribution was from terrigenous and anthropogenic particles. It was confirmed that in the range of wind speeds from 1 m s−1 to 12 m s−1 there were measurable differences in the concentrations, particularly in the size distribution of marine aerosol particles at two stations differing with respect to their sea bottom profiles.

4

Preliminary results of lidar based studies of the aerosol vertical distribution in the lower troposphere over urban coastal areas

75%

Halas M. , Blaszczak Z. , Grabowski J. , Papayannis A. , Zielinski T.

Oceanologia

|

2004

|

tom 46

|

nr 3

EN

The paper reports the results of lidar measurements performed in the lower troposphere during several measurement sessions in Athens (Greece) in 2000. For the sake of comparison, results of a similar study performed in Kołobrzeg (Poland) in 2001 are also given. These data indicate that the exhaust gases produced by motor transportation in the cities resulted in the formation of an inversion layer. The rate of convection of the inversion layer depends on the intensity of sunlight, the strength of winds and the morphology of the land. The inversion layer reaches the highest altitudes in the middle of summer, lower in early and late summer and the lowest in autumn. Over the sea the inversion layer altitude extends to several meters, but on moving inland it rises to a fewh undred meters.

5

Changes in the chemical properties of water in a small pond in vertical profiles

63%

Szyperek U.

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tom 12

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nr 4

363-373

EN

The study to determine thermal-oxygen changes and chemical properties of water in a flow-through pond was conducted between April 2004 and March 2005 in three vertical profiles. The study involved the determination of electrolytic conductivity and pH reaction of water as well as the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and sulphates. Thermal stratification was not observed in the investigated pond with the maximum depth of 2.45 m, and oxygen content was represented by a clinograde curve. Biogenic element concentrations in the pond were determined by depth in the vertical profile, and they were subject to seasonal variation. The highest concentrations of mineral substances in water were reported in the bottom layers of the pond. Although the investigated pond is a flow-through water body, it accumulates biogenic elements.

PL

Badania nad rozpoznaniem zmian termiczno-tlenowych i właściwościami chemicznymi wody przepływowego oczka wodnego prowadzono od kwietnia 2004 r. do marca 2005 r. w 3 profilach pionowych. Oznaczono przewodność elektrolityczną i odczyn wody oraz zawartość azotu azotanowego i amonowego, fosforu ogólnego i siarczanów. Stwierdzono, że w zbiorniku o głębokości maksymalnej 2,45 m nie przebiega stratyfikacja termiczna, a zawartość tlenu obrazuje krzywa w postaci klinogrady. Stężenia biogenów w wodzie oczka wodnego były uzależnione od głębokości w profilu pionowym i pory roku. Największa zasobność wody zbiornika w substancję mineralną występuje przy dnie. Pomimo przepływowego charakteru zbiornika następuje w nim akumulacja biogenów.

6

Determination of specific fuel consumption of IC engine in transient conditions

63%

Grzelka J.

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nr 1

7

A methodology for identifying the chemical composition of the surface of solids using the XPS and SEM/EDS techniques

63%

Bednarska A. , Osuch-Słomka E. , Grądkowski M.

Problemy Eksploatacji

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2015

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tom no. 3

39--48

EN

In many fields of science and technology, it is necessary to apply non-destructive methods of analysis. Such non-destructive methods include scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the results obtained with this set are often regarded as complementary. These methods were used in this study to research the chemical composition of the top layer of a model made with gold on a ceramic coating produced by the PVD technique on the surface of steel. The gold layer was ion sputtered until its complete removal and was studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray micro-analysis. It was found that the analytical data for an identical specimen obtained by SEM/EDS and XPS might differ significantly. This necessitates very careful consideration in treating these techniques as complementary, and during the interpretation of the results, one should take into account the physical essence of each method.

PL

W wielu dziedzinach nauki i techniki niezbędne jest zastosowanie nieniszczących metod analizy. Do takich metod należy skaningowa spektroskopia elektronów sprzężona z mikroanalizą rentgenowską (SEM/EDS) oraz rentgenowska spektroskopia fotoelektronów (XPS), a wyniki uzyskiwane za ich pomocą często są traktowane jako uzupełniające się. W pracy zastosowano te metody do badania składu chemicznego modelowej warstwy wierzchniej, utworzonej ze złota na podłożu powłoki ceramicznej wytworzonej techniką PVD na powierzchni stali. Warstwę złota trawiono jonowo aż do jej całkowitego usunięcia i badano za pomocą rentgenowskiej spektroskopii fotoelektronów oraz mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej. Stwierdzono, że dane analityczne dla identycznej próbki uzyskiwane metodami SEM/EDS oraz XPS mogą dość istotnie różnić się. Oznacza to konieczność dużej ostrożności przy traktowaniu tych technik jako komplementarne, podczas interpretacji wyników należy uwzględniać fizyczną istotę obydwu metod.

8

Abundance and production of bacteria in a marine beach [Southern Baltic Sea]

51%

Podgorska B. , Mudryk Z. J. , Skorczewski P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 3

405-414

EN

The paper presents the results of the study of abundance, biomass, mean cell volume and secondary production of bacteria inhabiting a marine-bay sandy beach, at southern Baltic Sea coast (Sopot) in summer season. The differences of bacteriological parameters among sites across beach horizontal profile were determined. Maximal value of the total bacteria numbers (8.59 ± 0.73 × 10⁷ cells g⁻¹ dw), biomass (15.2 ± 4.4 μg C g⁻¹ dw) and cell volume of bacterium (0.056 ± 0.011 μm³) was noted at the waterline and bacterial secondary production was highest in the dune (172.3 ± 86.6 μg C g⁻¹ dw d⁻¹) and at the waterline (119.9 ± 40.5 μg C g ⁻¹ dw d⁻¹). Marked differences in the level of bacteriological parameters between surface and subsurface sand layers were estimated. In the sea, at the waterline and in the middle of the beach higher numbers of bacteria, their biomass and secondary production were found in the surface (0–1 cm) than in the subsurface (5–10 cm) sand layers. A reverse situation was observed in the dune.