Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The influence of atmospheric conditions on the migration of diesel fuel spilled in soil

100%

Vuruna M. , Veličković Z. , Perić S. , Bogdanov J. , Ivanković N. , Bučko M.

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tom Vol. 43, no. 1

73--79

EN

The most common chemical’s spills in typical transportation accidents are those with petroleum products such as diesel fuel, the consequence of which is an extensive pollution of the soil. In order to plan properly fuel recovery from the soil, it is important to gain information about the soil depth which may be affected by pollutant and to predict the pollutant concentration in different soil layers. This study deals with the impact of basic atmospheric conditions, i.e. air temperature and humidity on the diesel fuel migration through the soil. The diesel fuel was spilled into columns (L = 30 cm; D = 4.6 cm) filled with sandy and clay soil samples, and its concentrations at various depths were measured after 11 days under various air temperature (20 and 40°C) and relative humidity (30–100%) conditions. The effects observed were explained by understanding physical processes, such as fuel evaporation, diffusion and adsorption on soil grains. The increase in temperature results in higher fuel evaporation loss and its faster vertical migration. The relative humidity effect is less pronounced but more complex, and it depends much on the soil type.

2

Response of rotifers to hydrochemical and biotic factors

86%

Żurek R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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tom Vol. 35, No.2

121-139

EN

The zooplankton community in an open cast sulphur mine impoundment was investigated over two years. Complicated physical and chemical relationships in this pit ecosystem resulted in an atypical planktonic assemblage. Changes in the rotifer populations were examined over time and space in the pit ecosystem. Only 20 species of rotifers were identified in the impoundment. In winter, Polyarthra dolichoptera coexisted with P. bicerca; in spring, one of the dominant species was Keratella quadrata, while, in summer, Hexarthra fennica, Keratella cochlearis and Synchaeta tremula were all present. In autumn, Filinia longiseta dominated the population. On the border of the oxycline and beneath the thermocline lived Keratella testudo. Thermal and chemical stratification generated five variants of diurnal vertical migrations of planktonic animals including two typical, well-known patterns. Some species were able to penetrate the oxygen-free layer in the hypolimnion. These species were also resistant to low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. Multidimensional scaling and correspondence analysis identified the following factors as important for rotifers: mineralization and the presence of sulfide with hydrogen sulfide, as well as biotic (predators) or the life supporting parameters: temperature, oxygen. Toxic compounds present in the water, especially sulfides or its derivates, were probably responsible for deformation of the rotifers’ spines in 0.1% of the population.

3

Phototaxis, gravitaxis and vertical migrations in the marine dinoflagellates, Peridinium faeroense and Amphidinium caterea

86%

Hader D.-P.

Acta Protozoologica

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1991

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tom 30

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nr 2

4

Studies on horizontal and vertical migration of 90Sr in soil systems

86%

Solecki J. , Chibowski S.

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2002

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tom 11

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nr 2

EN

Here are presented results of studies on vertical and horizontal migration of strontium 90Sr isotope in soil systems of Bug river valleys. Mean radioactivity of strontium in these soils was 26.15 ± 22.2 Bq/kg. Atmospheric precipitation of strontium on this area was 0.35 kBq/m2/cm. Radioactivity in soil profiles ranged from 17 to 130 Bq/m2/cm and the isotope was detected even at 30 cm depth. Some tendency to vertical migration of strontium towards the river was noticed. Obtained results were compared with concentrations of calcium and strontium in the soil. Any clear influence of these elements on the migration of strontium 90Sr was noticed.

5

Groundwater Formation Below Chernozem Soils - Effect of Mineral Fertilization, Rainy and Dry Periods

72%

Sager M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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2013

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tom 20

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nr 2

291-302

EN

Chernozem soil samples from the east of Austria have been packed into columns in order to investigate the effects of mineral fertilization on the composition of water, released to deeper layers. A solution imitating NPK fertilization was added on top of water-saturated columns, and washed down with 150 cm3 portions (about 0.1 pore volumes) every day except weekends, for 2 months. The eluates were collected and analyzed by ICP and AAS methods. After about one pore volume, a strong peak in alkali, alkaline earths, and sulfate occurred in the eluates, due to ion exchange with the fertilizer solution. After this, most concentrations in the eluates approached a steady state again, but lower than the levels met before. After a period of drying, the release of K and S, as well as P in 2 of 3 cases, increased, whereas the release of Fe and Mn decreased. Before the eluates entered the sample collection vessels, ochre precipitation scavenged many solutes (Cr > Al > Pb > P > V > Fe), but left Mo-Sr-Mg-K-Se-B rather untouched.

PL

Za pomocą doświadczeń kolumnowych zbadano wpływ nawożenia mineralnego na skład wody w głębszych warstwach gleby. W doświadczeniach wykorzystano próbki czarnoziemów zebranych na terenach wschodniej Austrii. Roztwór imitujący nawozy NPK wprowadzano na szczyt kolumny nasyconej wodą porcjami po 150 cm3 roztworu (co stanowiło około 0,1 objętości porów) codziennie, z wyjątkiem weekendów, przez 2 miesiące. Eluaty zebrano i poddano analizie metodami ICP i AAS. Po zastosowaniu porcji roztworu odpowiadającej jednej objętości porów, zarejestrowano w odcieku silny pik alkaliczny i siarczanowy, będący skutkiem wymiany jonowej z roztworem. Następnie większość stężeń w eluatach była stabilna, ale ich wartości były niższe niż wcześniej. Po okresie suszenia uwalnianie K, S, i P w 2 z 3 przypadków uległo zwiększeniu, podczas gdy uwalnianie Fe i Mn spadło. Zanim eluaty trafiły do pojemników, strącana ochra oczyszczała roztwór z wielu substancji rozpuszczonych (Cr > Al > Pb > P > V > Fe), ale Mo-Sr-Mg-K-Se-B pozostały raczej niezmienione.

6

Groundwater Formation Below Chernozem Soils - Effect of Mineral Fertilization, Rainy and Dry Periods

72%

Sager M.

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tom Vol. 20, nr 2

291-302

EN

Chernozem soil samples from the east of Austria have been packed into columns in order to investigate the effects of mineral fertilization on the composition of water, released to deeper layers. A solution imitating NPK fertilization was added on top of water-saturated columns, and washed down with 150 cm3 portions (about 0.1 pore volumes) every day except weekends, for 2 months. The eluates were collected and analyzed by ICP and AAS methods. After about one pore volume, a strong peak in alkali, alkaline earths, and sulfate occurred in the eluates, due to ion exchange with the fertilizer solution. After this, most concentrations in the eluates approached a steady state again, but lower than the levels met before. After a period of drying, the release of K and S, as well as P in 2 of 3 cases, increased, whereas the release of Fe and Mn decreased. Before the eluates entered the sample collection vessels, ochre precipitation scavenged many solutes (Cr > Al > Pb > P > V > Fe), but left Mo-Sr-Mg-K-Se-B rather untouched.

PL

Za pomocą doświadczeń kolumnowych zbadano wpływ nawożenia mineralnego na skład wody w głębszych warstwach gleby. W doświadczeniach wykorzystano próbki czarnoziemów zebranych na terenach wschodniej Austrii. Roztwór imitujący nawozy NPK wprowadzano na szczyt kolumny nasyconej wodą porcjami po 150 cm3 roztworu (co stanowiło około 0,1 objętości porów) codziennie, z wyjątkiem weekendów, przez 2 miesiące. Eluaty zebrano i poddano analizie metodami ICP i AAS. Po zastosowaniu porcji roztworu odpowiadającej jednej objętości porów, zarejestrowano w odcieku silny pik alkaliczny i siarczanowy, będący skutkiem wymiany jonowej z roztworem. Następnie większość stężeń w eluatach była stabilna, ale ich wartości były niższe niż wcześniej. Po okresie suszenia uwalnianie K, S, i P w 2 z 3 przypadków uległo zwiększeniu, podczas gdy uwalnianie Fe i Mn spadło. Zanim eluaty trafiły do pojemników, strącana ochra oczyszczała roztwór z wielu substancji rozpuszczonych (Cr > Al > Pb > P > V > Fe), ale Mo-Sr-Mg-K-Se-B pozostały raczej niezmienione.

7

An Autonomous Hydroacoustic System for studying long-term scattering variability

72%

Szczucka J. , Groza K. , Porazinski K.

Oceanologia

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2002

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tom 44

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nr 1

EN

A new instrument, an Autonomous Hydroacoustic System, was designed to probe a water column acoustically from the bottom to the sea surface. It is capable of operating from a depth of 100 m self sufficiently for up to 10 days. A brief description of its construction and electronic design is provided. Preliminary results from the first field study consisting of a 90-hour series of backscattering measurements are presented.

8

Vertical migrations of krill [Euphausia superba Dana]

72%

Godlewska M.

Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii

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1996

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tom 43

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nr 1

9

Evidences of zooplankton vertical migration in stocked and never-stocked Alpine lakes in Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy)

58%

Tiberti R. , Barbieri M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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tom 40

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nr 3

10

Response of rotifers to hydrochemical and biotic factors

58%

Zurek R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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tom 35

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nr 2

11

Acoustically measured diurnal vertical migration of fish and zooplankton in the Baltic Sea - seasonal variations

58%

Szczucka J.

Oceanologia

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2000

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tom 42

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nr 1

EN

Acoustic measurements were conducted at different seasons in the last five years at a fixed point of the Baltic Sea at a frequency 30 kHzcon currently with temperature and salinity sampling. Echosounding records were used to determine the seasonal and diurnal migration patterns of scattering layers in accordance with thermohaline conditions. Different seasonal patterns of nocturnal aggregations of organisms dependent on the temperature gradient in the thermocline were found. This paper illustrates the diurnal distributions of sound scattering layers and analyses the way they are linked to the physical structure of the water.

12

Daphnia: model herbivore, predator and prey

51%

Lampert W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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tom 54

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nr 4

EN

In the past 30 years, Daphnia has become a model organism in aquatic ecology. I review the changing concepts and paradigms in plankton ecology as reflected in the work on Daphnia. The availability of radiotracers favoured a new physiological approach that resulted in better energetic models and more reliable estimates of filtering rates. This led to deeper insights into the role of herbivore grazing on phytoplankton and microbial communities, and nutrient recycling. It provided a conceptual basis for general hypotheses on predictable seasonal successions (e.g. the PEG model). On the other hand, increasing knowledge about selective predation on zooplankton triggered population dynamic models and gave explanations for changing community structures. The Size-Efficiency-Hypothesis generated a framework for studies on trade-offs between competitive ability and susceptibility to predation. Daphnia was now in the centre of interaction-based concepts, being predator and prey at the same time. It was the backbone of practical applications of the theory in food-web manipulations. When ultimate factors came into the focus, Daphnia played an important role in explaining striking phenomena like diel vertical migration and cyclomorphosis. Its central position in food-webs, the unique propagation mode, easy cultivation and accessibility by molecular genetic methods made it a favourite object for studies in evolutionary ecology, concerning local ad a ptation, evolution of defences and life histories, induced phenotypic change, and genetic diversity. The large advantage of Daphnia over other biological model organisms is that its importance in pelagic freshwater systems is undoubtedly known. Hence there is a direct way of applying the results to ecological systems.