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EN
This study uses cytochemical tests, electron spectroscopic imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy techniques to identify and localize the reserves inside the generative cell of Hermodactylus tuberosus pollen. Cytochemical probes applied to sections observed by light and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the generative cell contains large osmiophilic bodies probably made of phytic acid rich in P and Ca. The significance of the rich granulations in generative cells of Hermodactylus pollen is discussed in relation to floral biology and environmental conditions. In comparison, the vegetative cytoplasm contains (a) lipid droplets formed by unsaturated lipids and related to vacuoles, (b) lipid bodies with larger dimensions, irregular in shape and very rich in Ca, (c) bodies stained in polysaccharide tests as well as lipid probes tentatively identified as glycolipid granulations, and (d) small granules very rich in P and Ca interpreted as phytin granules.
EN
Basicladia chelonum (Collins) W.E. Hoffmann and Tilden (1930) principally known from North America and Hawaii was recently (2004) found in Cuba (Caribbean) from artificial pool growing on shells of musk turtles (Trachemys decussata Gray). Specimens collected in Cuba were subjected to detailed examinations also using a transmission electron microscope. On one hand, these studies confirmed many features of this species previously described by earlier authors in the specimens from Texas. On the other hand, the present studies revealed structures unknown so far (pyrenoid structure), which allowed for new analysis of this species. These investigations also have shown that Basicladia chelonum exhibits close similarity to the genus Cladophora and other representatives of the class Cladophorophyceae. The similarities include : siphonocladous level of organization of thallus, numerous chloroplasts forming a network and other structures. Conversely, the pyrenoid in vegetative cells of Basicladia chelonum distinguishes it markedly from representatives of the genus Cladophora, which have bilenticular pyrenoids divided into two hemispheres by a single thylakoids and each hemisphere is covered by a bowlshaped starch grain (Van Hoek et al. 1995). Since in Cladophora the ultrastructure of the pyrenoid is highly constant and characteristic, this contrasts with the genus Basicladia and, therefore, more firmly establishes position of the latter as an independent unit within Cladophorophyceae.
EN
In order to study microtubule organization during pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Olea europaea, we applied immunofluorescence microscopy using mouse monoclonal antibody against α-tubulin as primary antibody and FITC-conjugated goat antimouse IgG as secondary antibody. DAPI enabled observation of the vegetative nucleus entering the emerging pollen tube before the generative cell. The latter then overtakes the vegetative nucleus once both are inside the pollen tube. The generative cell remains ahead of the vegetative nucleus until it is finally divided into two gametes. This cell division occurs when the generative cell is close to the tip of the pollen tube. Possible connections between microtubules and nuclear migration in the pollen tube are discussed.
EN
The distribution of plastids at the time of microspore and pollen grain development in Gagea lutea (L.) Ker.-Gaw. was analyzed using electron microscopy. It was shown that plastids are not transmitted to the forming generative cell of this species during microspore division. At the vacuolate microspore stage, preceding division, the microspore nucleus takes an acentric position and the plastids gather at the opposite side of the cell. In the highly polarized microspore at prophase of mitosis, all plastids are aggregated at one side of the nucleus, whereas mitochondria are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Numerous profiles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are present between the clustered plastids. Some of the ER profiles are attached by their ends to the outer membrane of plastid envelopes and join the distant plastids. The outer membrane of the microspore plastids may form long and thin evaginations contacting with other plastids. Microtubules are visible in plastid aggregations occasionally. In dividing microspores, long ER cisterns surround the area of the mitotic spindle and separate it from the region containing plastids. There are no plastids in the young generative cell: all plastids remain clustered in the region of the microspore that now forms the vegetative cell of the bicellular pollen grain. Later the connections between plastids and ER cisterns gradually disappear and plastids disperse in the cytoplasm of the whole vegetative cell. The results of our study are not sufficient to define the mechanism causing selective aggregation of plastids at the vegetative pole of the Gagea microspore, nor to say whether the microtubular cytoskeleton plays a role. However, the participation of ER in these processes, at least in holding the special arrangement of microspore plastids, seems certain.
EN
Development of microspores and pollen grains of Cucumis sativus L. was studied at the light microscope level from meiosis to mature pollen. The first pollen mitosis occurs after microspore release from the tetrad at the vacuolate microspore stage, but this stage of development is not correlated with enlargement of the entire pollen grain; pollen grain volume grows continuously from microspore release until pollen dehydration, simultaneously with an increase in the amount of cytoplasm in the vegetative cell. Starch grains in the vegetative cell appear after displacement of the generative cell inside the pollen grain and disappear in the final stage of pollen maturation. Mature pollen grains are bicellular at anthesis.
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