Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The comparison of the effects of two approaches to control gully erosion in the Black Soil Region of China

100%

Dong Y. , Wu Y. , Wang W.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

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tom Vol. 17

43-46

EN

Gully erosion is an important form of soil erosion, however, little was done on the effect of gully erosion controlling approaches. A program for controlling gully erosion was carried out in Heshan Farm in black soil region of northeast China from 1994 to 1996 include two approaches: "Soil fill" and "Vegetation cover". From the investigation at 2009, Soil fill approach can protect the original place of gully erosion well, but this apporach ignores the whole impact at the catchment scale, and may cause to new gully appear. "Vegetation cover" approach is better to control gully erosion than "Soil fill" approach, but has little effect on controlling the headcut retreat.

2

Aeolian landscapes of Prebaikalye and Transbaikalye areas

100%

Namzalov B.-T. B. , Snytko V. A. , Szczypek T. , Wika S.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

|

2008

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tom nr 8

216--230

EN

Aeolian landscapes are typical of the area of Prebaikalye and Transbaikalye. They occur both on the shore of Baikal and at various distances from the lake and they are related to areas of boreal forest and steppe. They are characterized by both natural and anthropogenic origin. The former are more typical of Transbaikalye, where they represent old dune forms at different stages of formation, stabilized by pine forest vegetation. These landscapes probably originated at the end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Holocene. Anthropogenic aeolian landscapes are more clearly visible and noticeable because of the geomorphologic processes occurring there at present. They occur in both of the regions and they are related to diverse economic activities of man in the past hundred, up to two hundred, years. The dominating type of surface features is that of wind erosion, which is related to old forms being blown away. The accumulative effect of wind is definitely of minor significance there; this can be seen in minor size and diversity of forms. Vegetation, which is clearly psammophylous, adapts itself to these contemporary aeolian processes. This is mostly herbaceous vegetation, or less often shrubs or undershrub. It creates a range of plant communities and associations, frequently of unique nature and with peculiar features of adaptation of plants to life in heavy habitat conditions.

3

Skład gatunkowy śródpolnych zadrzewień grupowych na Równinie Wełtyńskiej

100%

Gamrat R. , Burczyk P.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

|

2007

|

tom T. 7, z. 1

45-59

PL

Na terenie Równiny Wełtyńskiej występują silne wiatry. W związku z tym wszelkie zadrzewienia, zmniejszające ich siłę, powinny być chronione lub chociażby nie niszczone. Celem badań było określenie zróżnicowania aktualnego stanu szaty roślinnej śródpolnych zadrzewień grupowych w zależności od gatunku dominującego w drzewostanie. W latach 1996-2001 przeprowadzono prace terenowe na gruntach ornych Równiny Wełtyńskiej - badano skład gatunkowy zadrzewień grupowych. Na niewielkiej powierzchni tych obiektów (średnio 0,019 ha) oznaczono 144 gatunki roślin naczyniowych (w tym 20 drzew i 26 krzewów). Spośród drzewostanu najliczniejsze były zadrzewienia powstałe z nasadzeń z: brzozą brodawkowatą (Betula pendula Roth), jesionem wyniosłym (Fraxinus excelsior L.) oraz topolą osiką (Populus tremula L.) - 54%. Najwięcej zadrzewień znajdowało się w pobliżu dróg (77%), rzadziej stromych zboczy (20%), a sporadycznie w wilgotnych zagłębieniach terenu (3%). Wśród 16 stwierdzonych zbiorowisk dominowała roślinność łąkowa (43% - Arrhenatheretum elatioris, Sileo otitis-Festucetum, zbiorowisko z perzem właściwym (Elymus repens), kostrzewą łąkową (Festuca pratensis), barszczem syberyjskim (Heracleum sibiricum) i Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra) oraz nitrofilna (40% - Anthriscetum sylvestris, Convolvulo arvensis-Agropyretum repentis, Urtico-Aegopodietum podagrariae, Lamio albi-Conietum maculati, zbiorowiska z ostrożniem polnym (Cirsium arvense), pokrzywą zwyczajną (Urtica dioica), rzadziej szuwarowa (13% - Phalaridetum arundinaceae, Phragmitetum australis), a sporadycznie zaroślowa (9% - zbiorowisko z trzcinnikiem lancetowatym (Calamagrostis canescens) oraz z niecierpkiem pospolitym (Impatiens nolitangere). Roślinność łąkowa i nitrofilna była najliczniejsza, szczególnie zbiorowisko z perzem właściwym (Elymus repens) - 24% - i Anthriscetum sylvestris - 22%.

EN

Strong winds blow on Wełtyń Plain and for this reason every woodlot that may decrease the wind power should be protected, or at least not destroyed. The main goal of the study was to recognize present floral and phytosociological differentiation of the mid-field woodlots in relation to the dominating species in tree stand. In 1996-2001 arable lands of Wełtyń Plain were studied to analyse floral composition of woodlots. 144 species of vascular plants were found on the small areas (average area was 0,019 ha) of mid-field woodlots. Common birch, European ash and aspen poplar were most frequent in tree stands (54%). Most woodlots were of anthropogenic origin (except for woodlots with Alnus incana, A. glutinosa and some with Populus tremula). Roadside woodlots were most common (77%) and those near the steep escarps - rather rare (20%). Woodlots in wet depressions constituted 3% of analysed woodlots. There were 16 communities, including 43% of meadow vegetation (e.g. - Arrhenatheretum elatioris, community with Elymus repens), 40% of nitrophilous plants (e.g. - Anthriscetum sylvestris, Urtico-Aegopodietum podagrariae), 13% of marshlands (Phalaridetum arundinaceae, Phragmitetum australis) and 9% of shrubs (community with Calamagrostis canescens, Impatiens nolitangere). Meadows and nitrophilous communities were most frequent, especially the community with Elymus repens and Anthriscetum sylvestris.

4

Study of Climate Impact on Vegetation Cover in Kherson Oblast (Ukraine) Using Normalized Difference and Enhanced Vegetation Indices

100%

Lykhovyd P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

tom Vol. 22, nr 6

126--135

EN

Remote sensing is a convenient tool for the study of vegetation cover conditions and dynamics using normalized difference and enhanced vegetation indices. Determination of the connection between weather and vegetation indices plays an important role in better understanding peculiarities of ecosystems reaction to changing climate conditions. The study devoted to the evaluation of annual and long-term dynamics under vegetation cover conditions, and its reaction to the climate factor, was performed through the establishment of the link between remote sensing information (smoothed time series data on normalized and enhanced vegetation indices) and results of on-land hydrometeorological observations for air temperature and precipitation amounts in Kherson oblast of Ukraine during the period from 2012 to 2019 by the means of linear regression analysis of the data. The values of the studied vegetation indices (Terrain MODIS NDVI and MODIS EVI 250 m smoothed time series) were calculated and generalized by the means of GDAL raster analysis toolkit in QGIS 3.10. Statistical data processing was performed using BioStat v7 software. It was found that there is a strong tendency towards the enhancement of vegetation in the region year by year. Climate has strong effect on the vegetation, and the main input belongs to air temperature, while precipitation amounts cannot be considered as a driving force of changes in the growth of vegetation. Enhanced vegetation index seems to be more reliable for the estimation of vegetation cover conditions in comparison to normalized difference vegetation index.

5

The vascular plants in the “Puszcza Notecka” forest roadside

88%

Mizera P. , Grajewski S. M. , Kasztelan A.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

|

2016

|

tom nr IV/1

1143--1156

EN

This paper presents the edge effect of a very low-volume road on the belt of roadside vegetation in the “Puszcza Notecka”, Poland - one of the largest compact forest complexes in Europe. The observations were carried out in the vicinity of pine stands in the fresh coniferous forest and fresh mixed coniferous forest sites. Twelve rectangular experimental sites 30 and 50 meters wide at a distance of 0 to 10 meters from the edge surfaces were established. 75 species characteristic for the 13 phytosociological classes and 20 species associated devoided of the diagnostic value were recognized in the roadside area. Native species dominated, where the most numerous species belonged to meadow communities (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) and ruderal (Artemisietea vulgaris). Despite the significant participation of synanthropic plants, there was no invasion of alien species.

6

Vegetation of industrial waste landfills within the agglomeration of the capital city of Warsaw

88%

Dyguś K. H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2013

|

tom Vol. 14, nr 1

22--32

EN

This study presents the results of examination of the vegetation on the waste landfill of ArcelorMittal-Warszawa steel mill and the furnace waste landfill of Siekierki Power Station, both sites in Warsaw. The presented analyses of the field research contain detailed floristic-phytosociological data as well as botanical and ecological evaluation of the identified plants. The vegetative structures, together with the succession trends of the vegetation cover of two examined landfills, have been shown. Ecological habitat adaptations of plants and their spatial structure have been evaluated. The inventoried flora has been subjected to taxonomic, syntaxonomic and ecological classification. 154 plant species from 48 taxones in the range of families have been identified. Families characterized by the biggest abundance of species were: Compositae, grasses and Fabaceae. More than half of the live forms indentified were hemicryptophytes. The vegetation of two landfills has been dominated by synantrophic communities (Stellarietea mediae, Artemisietea vulgaris, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea), with apophytes being in the largest number. With the use of ecological indicators a broad ecological tolerance of the majority of species toward ecological factors has been observed.

7

Effects of vegetation cover and slope length on nitrogen and phosphorus loss from a sloping land under simulated rainfall

75%

Qian J. , Zhang L.-P. , Wang W.-Y. , Liu Q.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2014

|

tom 23

|

nr 3

EN

In order to evaluate the effects of different slope lengths (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m) and different vegetation coverage ratios (20%, 45%, 60%, and 90%) on the mechanisms of nutrient loss and runoff producing processes, we have conducted 14 simulated rainfall experiments. The results show that N and P loss are decided by the concentration and the runoff volume, but when the amounts of N and P in topsoil are small, their loss content mostly depends on runoff volume. Dissolved nitrogen is the main form in the nitrogen loss, while nitrate nitrogen is the main component in dissolved nitrogen, but the proportion in the total nitrogen gradually decreases with slope length increasing or with the increase of vegetation cover; the main form of phosphorus losses is particulate phosphorus, and the excessive sediment-bound nutrient loss released into water might cause secondary pollution of an aquatic environment.

8

Numerical and Digital Methods in Analysis of Space-Time Changes And Renewal of Vegetation Cover Resources in the Czarna River Valley

75%

Łaska G.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2015

|

tom Vol. 16, nr 4

117--125

EN

The study aimed at evaluation of the current state and description of changes in plant communities in wetland habitats in the Czarna river valley and at recommendation of ef-fective methods for the renewal of vegetation on the basis of detail analysis of its space-time changes. The methods applied included a compilation of field studies (inventory, cartographic study and phytosociological analyses), valorisation of nature, numerical syntaxonomy with the use of MVSP program (Cluster Analysis and PCA) and digital methods GIS (Geomedia Professional 6.1). The field study of the vegetation cover of the Czarna river valley was performed in the years 2010–2011. The space-time analysis of changes in the vegetation cover and renewal of vegetation was made with the use of archive aerial photographs from 1966, topographic maps from 1982 and 2000 and orthophotomaps from 2011. The vegetation cover of the Czarna river valley was found to be composed of 12 plant communities representing 6 syntaxonomic classes, and to in-clude sites of 8 protected species. The space-time analysis of the vegetation cover of the Czarna river valley, taking into account the changes in the forms of the valley use over the period 1966–2011, showed that the area occupied by forest communities in wetland habitats as a result of secondary succession has increased by 0.16 km2, so by 27% with respect to the area of 0.4406 km2 from 1966. Chronological changes in the vegetation cover over this area analysed on the basis of GIS and digital methods indicate that in the wet meadows in the valley studied the secondary succession leads to the reproduction of the potential forest communities that were growing there once in the past. The renewal of forestless greeneries in the Czarna river valley is related to changes in the use of the area realised by mowing and restoration of the earlier hydrological regime in the entire catchment area, changed by the network of channels and drainage ditches.

9

Spatial analysis of vegetal cover and sediment yield in Tapacura river catchment based on remote sensing and GIS

75%

Silva R. M. , Santos C. A. G. , Gico Lima Montenegro S. M. , Silva L. P.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

|

2010

|

tom 42

|

nr 1

5-16

EN

Mapping and assessment of erosion risk is an important tool for planning of natural resources management, allowing researchers to propose modifi cation in land-use properly and implement more sustainable management strategies in the long-term. The Tapacurá river catchment, located in Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, is one of the planning units for management of water resources of Recife Metropilitan Region (RMR), and it is divided into 12 sub-basins. The objective of this study is to evaluate the spatial variability of vegetal cover and sediment yield in this basin through remote sensing and GIS techniques. Maps of the erosivity (R), erodibility (K), topographic (LS), cover-management (C) and support practice (P) factors were derived from the digital elevation model (DEM), climate database, and soil and NDVI maps, taking into account information available in the literature. In order to validate the simulation process, Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) was estimated. The obtained NDVI map showed vegetation loss during the analyzed period, indicating a distinct contrast between loss and gains of vegetation index. The vegetation and sediment yield mapping showed to be a useful tool for environmental monitoring and management, which can provide satisfactory results when jointly used. The results suggest a mean SDR around 0.9 and estimate the sediment yield as 23.98 ton/ha/month.

PL

Analiza przestrzenna ilości sedymentu oraz pokrywy roślinnej w zlewni rzeki Tapacura określona na podstawie zdalnych obserwacji oraz analizy GIS. Artykuł przedstawia sposób wykorzystania zebranych w terenie danych dotyczących pokrywy roślinnej oraz ilości sedymentu określonego za pomocą zdalnych obserwacji oraz analizy GIS w celu monitorowania środowiska i zarządzania zlewniami. W pracy wykorzystano metodę USLE-SDR, a także cyfrowy model terenu. Badania prowadzono w zlewni rzeki Tapacura w północno-wschodniej Brazylii. Wyniki sugerują przyjęcie wartości parametru SDR = 0,9, a oszacowana wielkość transportu rumowiska wynosi 23,98 t/ha/miesiąc.

10

Spatial structure of natural landscapes within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone

75%

Fedoniuk T. P. , Pyvovar P. V. , Skydan O. V. , Melnychuk T. V. , Topolnytskyi P. P.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2024

|

tom no. 60

79--90

EN

The article demonstrates the results of a study of the landscape structure of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve (Ukr.: Chornobylskyi radiatsiino-ekolohichnyi biosfernyi zapovidnyk - ChREBR). Because of radioactive pollution, a sharp drop in human activity, and the granting of the territory the status of a protected object, the process of area rewilding took on certain characteristics and led to the return of ecosystems’ natural processes. The studies cover a 7-year period from 2016 to 2022, i.e., from the moment this territory was granted protected status. That territory was abandoned by people more than 37 years ago and the former rural and urban landscapes have either already been transformed or are in the process of being transformed into natural ones. The scale of forest massifs has changed during the previous seven years, which has caused increased pasture overgrowth. huge forest massifs have been lost because of enormous forest fires and floods, particularly along the Pripet and Uzh rivers. Semi-natural successions occur in the gardens, and wooden homes are almost extinct. From orbit, a number of communities no longer resemble settlements. They are cloaked in bushes and trees instead. For places that have been ploughed, the same holds true. The last seven years show that change is happening more slowly than in the decades before. The pattern of natural processes in ecosystems, including periodic fires, the blocking of reclamation channels, and other factors, is the primary driver of changes in the composition of the land cover.

11

Analiza i ocena przyrodniczego funkcjonowania szaty roślinnej obszarów zurbanizowanych (w wybranych dzielnicach Warszawy). Ustalenie porządku typologicznego na potrzeby planowania przestrzennego

75%

Sieroszewska M.

Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych

|

2010

|

tom T. 6

155--169

PL

W związku z rozwijającą się w sposób niezwykle dynamiczny gospodarką rynkową, nastawioną na doraźne korzyści przy braku znajomości i zrozumienia zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju, coraz ważniejszy staje się problem ochrony terenów otwartych pokrytych szatą roślinną przed zamianą w tzw. tereny inwestycyjne. W systemie miejskim ważne jest funkcjonowanie przyrodnicze szaty roślinnej i sposób jego oceny mającej na celu wyodrębnienie takich struktur i wzajemnych relacji między nimi, która umożliwi tworzenie układów terenów o szczególnym, pozytywnym wpływie na jakość życia w mieście. Ustalenie metody oceny szaty roślinnej – łatwej do wykorzystania w procesie planowania przestrzennego jest ważne, ponieważ obecnie stosowane metody są zbyt szczegółowe, bądź trudne do zastosowania w przekształconym środowisku miejskim. Istotne jest także, aby w dążeniu do uproszczeń nie zgubić idei tworzenia Systemu Przyrodniczego Miasta i jednej z zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju dotyczącego miast w myśl, której należy szanować zasoby przyrody, ponieważ są one nieograniczone. Artykuł poniższy jest prezentacją projektu metody opracowanej przez autorkę w 2005 r. w ramach pracy doktorskiej.

EN

In recent years the issue of green open space protection in Warsaw before changing them into building grounds has become a major concern. Green areas are marginal in the new developers projects due to rapidly growing open market economy and disrespecting of sustainable development conditions by governments and investors. As vegetation has an great impact on living conditions in cities a standard method of assessment of natural functioning of vegetation is essential in the process of spatial planning (town planning) This article presents a project of such a method which is easier to implement than the existing, often too detailed or too complicated ones.

12

Slope erosion control with the use of fly-ash and sewage sludge

75%

Koda E. , Osinski P.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

|

2011

|

tom 43

|

nr 2

13

Assessment of slope stability influenced by vegetation coverand additional loads applied

75%

Osinski P. , Rickson R. J. , Hann M. J. , Koda E.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

|

2014

|

tom 46

|

nr 2

EN

The article presents the results of research conducted in order to create nomographs allowing assessment of slope stability. The proposed recommendations involve graphs and charts, where factor of safety (FOS) is computed in according to six different characteristics: slope height and angle, slope surface vegetation cover, applied surcharge, position of water table, soil mechanical conditions. For the purpose of the research several geotechnical models and approaches were used and became a basis for developing simplifi ed method of predicting the failure of natural and engineered slopes. The advantage of the solutions presented is their simplicity of use; as further FOS calculations are not required during the complex assessment of slope stability.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki prac podjętych w celu stworzenia nomogramów służących ocenie stanu bezpieczeństwa skarp. W wyniku podjętych prac badawczych i obliczeniowych opracowano zestawy tabel i grafów przedstawiających zależność współczynnika stateczności od wybranych sześciu parametrów skarpy: wysokość i nachylenie, wpływ okrywy roślinnej, przyłożone dodatkowego obciążenia, warunki geotechniczne i wpływ wody. Zaletą nomogramów jest prostota ich użytkowania, gdyż ocena stateczności nie wymaga dodatkowych obliczeń.

14

Modeling the Hydrological Impacts of Vegetation Cover Changes in the Upper Oum Er-Rbia Watershed (Morocco)

75%

Msaddek M. , El Garouani A. , Kimbowa G.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

tom Vol. 22, nr 6

167--180

EN

In Morocco, the mountainous areas are often exposed to bulky and vicious flows of water and sediment. This process is exacerbated by the decrease in vegetation cover and the disruption in rainfall-runoff conditions that frequently cause significant flooding. By exploring the main hydrologic elements of these processes, it is possible to understand the behavior and hydrological response of watersheds and thus plan accordingly. In this study, the authors focused on determining the morphometric characteristics of the upper Oum Er-Rbia River basin (UOERRB by assessing/ evaluating the land use and land cover changes for a period of 32 years (1984-2016). Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) was applied to simulate four daily hydrological events. The concentration time was 7.7 hours. The four storm events examined to calibrate and validate the simulated outflow at the outlet indicated a good agreement between the hydrographs of the measured and simulated flows, with an average Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) value ranging from 0.63 to 0.76. Between 2002 and 2016, an average 6.21 percent increase in vegetation cover of with annual rainfall increasing from 690 to 714.1 mm/year was observed. These results can contribute to a better understanding of the hydrologic processes and better estimation of the return flows and thus guiding management decisions and developments in the UOERRB.

15

Vegetation changes and formation of small-scale urban heat islands in three populated districts of Kerala State, India

63%

Veettil B. K. , Grondona A. E. B.

Acta Geophysica

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 66, no. 5

1063--1072

EN

Currently, more than half of the world’s population is living in cities. Rapid and unplanned urbanization became a common scenario in rapidly developing countries such as those in Asia. Decline in vegetation coverage and increase in local air and land surface temperatures are among the adverse effects of unplanned urban growth. We used Landsat data for the period 1991–2017 to estimate the expansion of urban areas in terms of vegetation loss and the development of small-scale urban heat islands in developing cities in Kerala state of India. For the last 27 years, unplanned urbanization in Kerala state has increased and this resulted in the enhanced loss of vegetation and, possibly, resulted in the increase in land surface temperature (LST). Our results indicate that vegetation coverage, particularly near the urban areas, has been decreased by 5.8%, 10.4%, and 9.6% in Ernakulam, Trichur, and Kozhikode districts, respectively. The land surface temperatures also have been increased during the study period. It is interesting to note that higher increase in LST and higher reduction in vegetation coverage were observed in Trichur and Kozhikode districts compared with highly populated and urbanized Ernakulam district.

16

A study of vegetation cover dynamics using landsat images: case of the beni haroun watershed (Algeria)

63%

Roukia N. , Abdelaziz L. , Khallef B.

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

|

2023

|

tom no. 4

315--328

EN

Conducting a diachronic study of vegetation cover helps to assess its transformations over a period of time, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the factors influencing these transformations. The purpose of this research is to analyze the vegetation cover spatio-temporal changes within Beni Haroun watershed, located in the northeast region of Algeria. Based on remote sensing data, two satellite images for the years 2009 and 2020 from Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS were downloaded. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was employed to remotely detect and monitor the changes of the vegetation cover. It was calculated for both chosen dates, and the results were classified into four classes (no vegetation, sparse vegetation, moderate vegetation, dense vegetation), each representing a different vegetation density. The obtained maps showed a regression of the vegetation cover. The NDVI values have decreased from 0.77 in 2009 to 0.58 in 2020. Spatial patterns in the classified NDVI maps illustrated reduced vegetation cover demonstrated by an expansion of the no vegetation class: 35,3479 ha in 2009 and 56,7916 ha in 2020. The final map of the change detection depicted a predominance of the negative change throughout Beni Haroun watershed, in consequence of various controlling factors, including climate and human interventions.

17

Changes in vegetation cover of Lower Silesian monumental parks due to degradation of drainage system and concepts of their restoration

63%

Lis A.

|

2007

|

tom 10

|

nr 3

18

Preliminary results of study on vegetation history in the Linje Mire region using pollen analysis

63%

Noryskiewicz A. M.

Monographiae Botanicae

|

2005

|

tom 94

19

Influence of spatial distribution of submerged macrophytes on Chironomidae assemblages in the shallow lakes

63%

Tarkowska-Kukuryk M. , Kornijów R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2008

|

tom Vol. 56, nr 4

569-579

EN

The influence of submerged macrophytes on composition, abundance and distribution of epiphytic and benthic chironomids was investigated in five lakes differing in the development of vegetation cover. Studied lakes represented three types, classified according to the concept of Alternative Stable States as: macrophyte dominated MD (dense vegetation), phytoplankton-macrophyte dominated PMD (sparse, patchy vegetation) and phytoplankton dominated PD (lack of submerged vegetation). Both zoocenosis responded differently to the changes in macrophyte cover. The density and biomass of benthic midges (density and biomass per m[^2] of bottom surface) were visibly higher in the patchy vegetated lakes; the abundance of epiphytic chironomids did not show any regularity. The species composition of epiphytic chironomids differed visibly between particular lake types, changed with the decrease of macrophyte cover. The composition of benthic midges was similar in all lake types. The studies showed at strong dependence of the proportion of epiphytic to benthic chironomids on the cover of macrophytes. In MD lakes the phytophilous midges were more abundant than benthic; in PMD lakes we observed the opposite pattern.

20

Classification of morphometric units from digital terrain models: applications in land cover classification

63%

Lozano Parra F. J. F. J. , Gutiérrez Á. G. , Fernández M. P. , Lavado Contador J. F.

Roczniki Geomatyki

|

2009

|

tom T. 7, z. 2

83-89

EN

In this work a methodological purpose for landforms classification is proposed, based on the analysis of DTMs. In addition, land use and vegetation cover units in the farm were mapped. Finally, the relationship between landforms and land use-vegetation cover units was explored.

PL

Formy terenu tradycyjnie były analizowane przez kartowanie analogowe, jednakże rozwój komputerów umożliwił wprowadzenie informacji cyfrowej, opartej na danych odniesionych przestrzennie. Informacja ta może być wykorzystana do tworzenia precyzyjnych modeli zmiennych morfometrycznych, które wyrażają ciągłe przestrzennie zjawisko bądź konkretne cechy terenu. Na podstawie tych właśnie modeli można wykonywać złożone analizy krajobrazu oparte na parametrach ilościowych, takich jak: wysokość nad poziomem morza, nachylenie, krzywizna, czy chropowatość. Głównym celem niniejszej pracy jest sklasyfikowanie terenu w jednorodne geomorfometryczne jednostki za pomocą numerycznych modeli terenu (NMT) i ich pochodnych oraz odniesienie tych jednostek do obszarów pokrytych roślinnością. Badanie przeprowadzano na terenie gospodarstwa rolnego, typowego dla pastwisk w południowo zachodniej Hiszpanii. Numeryczne modele terenu utworzono na podstawie warstwic i wysokości z wielkością piksela równą 5 metrów, a formy terenu na obszarze badania skartowano przy użyciu algorytmów klasyfikacji nienadzorowanej (grupowanie ISOdata i K- średnich). Metody te pozwalają na grupowanie wartości w dowolnie określonej liczbie klas, czego skutkiem jest klasyfikacja jednostek morfometrycznych. Wynikowe jednostki morfometryczne okazały się użytecznym narzędziem w procesie wyjaśniania rozmieszczenia roślinności. Dominującą formą rzeźby terenu na badanym obszarze są penepleny - faliste powierzchnie erozyjne z głęboko wrytymi rzekami, tworzącymi strome zbocza dolin. Na stromych zboczach dolin, ze względu na orientację terenu, pokrywa roślinna jest gęsta i zróżnicowana gatunkowo. Wyraźne zróżnicowanie w pokryciu roślinnym pojawia się również w wypukłościach i wklęsłościach terenów równinnych, a spowodowane jest to różną wilgotnością gleby wynikającą z morfologii terenu.