Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Charakterystyka profilu kwasowego olejów roślinnych bogatych w polinienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe

100%

Kondratowicz-Pietruszka E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

|

2011

|

nr 874

59-77

EN

A source of valuable n-3 fatty acids, oils are derived from macadamia nuts, peanuts, red palm, sesame, rice, apricots, and safflower. The ratio of total polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated Σ UFA/Σ SFA in the studied oils changed from 2.88 to 13.33. SFA saturated fatty acid content is the highest in the oil and red palm canola CPA (24.59%) and oil from rice (25.80%), while the lowest is in the safflower oil (6.98%), apricot (9.85%) and rape (7.30%). The ratio of fatty acids C18:3 (n-6) /C18:3 (n-3) for the tested oils is nutritionally beneficial for humans. Oleic acid, C18:1, the highest is for olive oil ca. 72–78% oil and safflower ca. 77%. Sesame oil contains at least 39%. To compare their susceptibility to oxidation of fats, the value relationships Σ C18:3 /C18:1 and C18:2 /Σ C18:3 can be used.

2

The application of non-converted vegetable oils in contemporary self-ignition engines

80%

Reksa M.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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tom Vol. 16, No. 4

385-391

EN

The paper presents a test of a self-ignition engine equipped with high-pressure fuel-dosing system based on injection units with electronic control system. The engine was fuelled with conventional fuel and few kinds of non-converted vegetable oil. The analysis of the experiment results correlated with knowledge of their properties shows the important conclusions about possibilities, disadvantages and perspectives of the fuels usage in contemporary engines equipped with electronic control fuel-dosing system. The vegetable oils have a special place in history of automotive industry. In 1900 a great event on Word Trades in Paris was compression-ignition engine fuelled by groundnuts oil — a masterpiece of no one else like Rudolf Diesel. R. Diesel, aware of conventional fuels limitation, patented in 1892 a vegetable oil as a fuel. The NOx concentration in exhaust was measuredfor maximum engine speed (1900 rpm). The lowest emission ofmeasured compounds was observed in case of sunflower oil and rape oil "Biedronka" (65% and 75% of emission during engine work fuelled by conventional diesel oil). The highest values were detected for post frying palm oil and rape oil "Aldi" (120% of emission during engine work fuelled by conventional diesel oil).

3

Removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater by using supported liquid memberane technology

80%

Ashraf M. W.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2016

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tom Vol. 18, nr 2

26--30

EN

The present work describes the application of Supported Liquid Membrane (SLM) technology towards the removal and recovery of a cationic dye (Methylene Blue) from aqueous solutions. Natural and non-toxic vegetable oils have been impregnated on microporous polymeric films of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to constitute a liquid membrane. Different parameters affecting the transport, like pH of feed solution, acid concentration in the strip solution, initial dye concentration, oil types and stirring speeds have been investigated. Highest value of flux (1.7 x 10–5 mg/cm2/sec1) for methylene blue dye was achieved with sunflower oil impregnated on the PVDF support, with pH maintained at 12 in the feed solution and 0.3 M hydrochloric acid concentration in the strip solution. It took 6 hours to transport maximum amount of dye under optimum conditions.

4

Improvement of the low-temperature properties of vegetable oils

80%

Ptak S. , Krasodomski W. , Antosz A. , Żółty M.

Rynek Energii

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2024

|

tom Nr 1

92--100

EN

The development of bio-components, as alternative components of lubricants, is increasingly important in relation to the limited resources of crude oil and the growing care of the environment. Most lubricants used now are produced with the use of hydrocarbon base oils, originating from the crude oil processing. They create a notable ecological hazard. To eliminate this hazard, there is a strong pressure on the development and introduction into use of lubricants for various biodegradable applications. The paper presents studies on the obtaining of modified vegetable oils, which are characterised by their improved lowtemperature properties, in view of their application as the base oils. Four different vegetable oils were solvent dewaxed by a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone - toluene solvents (MEK-TOL) under similar process conditions as those used during the solvent dewaxing, used for the oil dewaxing and slack waxes of petroleum origin deoiling in industrial refinery plants. It has been found that this process allows for an important improvement in the low-temperature properties of vegetable oils, and in particular for the lowering of the cloud, pour, and solidification points. The modification of vegetable oils is related to a change in the fatty acids profile. A clear increase in the content of saturated acid glycerides was observed in the precipitated deposit, as compared with the filtrate (modified vegetable oil), which confirmed the selectivity of the dewaxing process. The conducted studies have shown a possibility of the effective application of a classical dewaxing process to improve the low-temperature properties of an atypical raw material, such as vegetable materials.

5

Wpływ ogrzewania mikrofalowego o mocy 400 W na zmiany oksydacyjne wybranych olejów rafinowanych

80%

Ostasz L.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

|

2011

|

nr 874

125-138

EN

The study analyses qualitative changes occurring in refined oils during microwave heating at 400 watts of power. Sunflower, maize, soy and peanut oils were considered. The temperature of the oil samples was raised to 170–180°C in a microwave. Based on the anisidine peroxide and acid values, oxidative and hydrolytic changes were stated. The highest value of peroxide (higher by about 20 mEq/kg) was observed in the corn, sunflower, and peanut oils while the largest value of anisidine was observed in sunflower oil (124,02). The value of acid in microwave heating increased by between 0.4–0.6 mg KOH/g. The analysis of fatty acid content indicated changes in the palmitate, oleic and linoleic acids.

6

Comparative study of selected lubricating properties of biofuels

80%

Gardyński L. , Kałdonek J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2013

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tom Vol. 7, nr 20

75--79

EN

The paper presents the research results of lubricity of selected vegetable oils, rapeseed oil methyl esters, and esters with addition of oleic acid. Higher wear of samples during lubrication by rapeseed oil methyl esters in comparison to the tested vegetable oils was obtained. The addition of oleic acid to esters resulted in the improvement of their lubricating properties.

7

Ozonowanie olejów roślinnych

80%

Skalska K. , Ledakowicz S. , Perkowski J. , Fidos H. , Sencio B.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2006

|

tom T. 85, nr 8-9

1307-1310

PL

Oceniono właściwości ozonowanych olejów roślinnych analizując zmiany liczby jodowej i nadtlenkowej. Proces ozonowania pięciu wybranych olejów roślinnych badano w reaktorze barbotażowym o objętości 150 cm3, w układzie półprzepływowym. Przez bełkotkę wprowadzano do oleju mieszaninę tlenowo–ozonową. Stosowano dawki ozonu w zakresie 10300 mgO3/g oleju. Szczegółowo porównano dwa powszechnie dostępne na polskim rynku oleje: rzepakowy i słonecznikowy. Określono zachodzące w nich zmiany składu i lepkości podczas ozonowania. Oleje przed i po ozonowaniu poddano także analizie spektrofotometrycznej w zakresie podczerwieni. W trakcie ozonowania zaobserwowano spadek liczby jodowej i wzrost pozostałych wielkości tzn. liczby kwasowej, liczby nadtlenkowej i lepkości. Wyniki wykazały brak istotnych różnic pomiędzy właściwościami obydwu olejów. Stwierdzono, że olej słonecznikowy może być dobrym zamiennikiem oliwy z oliwek ze względu na zbliżone wartości liczby nadtlenkowej uzyskane po ozonowaniu.

EN

Five vegetable oils were tested. We have analysed peroxide and iodine value of vegetable oils during the ozonation. The ozonation process was conducted in the 150 cm3 laboratory bubbling batch reactor. The oxygen-ozone mixture was delivered through the bubbler into the oils. We used the ozone concentration in the range of 10 – 300 mgO3/g of oil. The most commonly available oils in Poland were compared: sunflower oil and rapeseed oil. Ozonation reduced the iodine no., and increased the acid and peroxide no., and viscosity. The results showed lack of significant differences between properties of both oils. It was found that ozonized sunflower oil can be a good substitute for ozonized olive oil because of the similarity of peroxide number obtained after the ozonation.

8

Technological aspects of vegetable oils epoxidation in the presence of ion exchange resins: a review

80%

Milchert E. , Malarczyk-Matusiak K. , Musik M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2016

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tom Vol. 18, nr 3

128--133

EN

A review paper of the technology basics of vegetable oils epoxidation by means of peracetic or performic acid in the presence of acidic ion exchange resins has been presented. The influence of the following parameters: temperature, molar ratio of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide to ethylenic unsaturation, catalyst loading, stirring intensity and the reaction time on a conversion of ethylenic unsaturation, the relative percentage conversion to oxirane and the iodine number was discussed. Optimal technological parameters, mechanism of epoxidation by carboxylic peracids and the possibilities of catalyst recycling have been also discussed. This review paper shows the application of epoxidized oils.

9

Application of biofuels to compression ignition engines

80%

Kowalewicz A.

Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering

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2005

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tom Vol. 9, nr 1

69-90

EN

In the paper a review of alternative fuels to compression ignition engines has been performed. Fuels, which presently are mostly used, are biofuels such as transesterified vegetable oils (FAME) and alcohols (bioethanol). Main part of the paper comprises the experimental investigation performed by the author at Politechnika Radomska. Comparison of emissions of the one - cylinder D.I. C.I. engine fuelled with rape oil methyl ester (RME) and dieselfuel (DF) at load characteristics has been carried out, showing, that results are comparable. Also comparison of emissions of the engine fuelled either with RME or DF and additionally by ethanol (E) injected to inlet port has been peiformated. In the case of this fuelling system better results have been obtained for RME and E application than these of DF and E: much lower emission of CO2 and smoke.

10

Experimental investigation of the combustion of vegetable oils in diesel engine at low engine loads

70%

Błažek J. , Vojtišek M.

Journal of KONES

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2007

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tom Vol. 14, No. 3

61-72

EN

Vegetable oils are being increasingly used as fuel in diesel engines in passenger vehicles, with various results. One of the associated problems is excessive emissions of organic compounds at very low engine loads. Aside from an undesirable increase in emissions, such compounds also contribute to the formation of deposits in the engine and in the catalytic reactor. In this study, a typical turbodiesel engine, adapted for operation on vegetable oils, was fitted with fast-response in-cylinder pressure measurement system. The engine was operated on an engine dynamometer at low loads typical for urban driving at several coolant and fuel temperatures. Results will be presented and discussed. Engine and rapeseed oil fuelling system setup, comparison of combustion timing of diesel fuel and rapeseed oil, indicated in-cylinder pressure for diesel fuel and rapeseed oil for different speeds and loads, indicated in-cylinder pressure at original and modified injection timing, comparison of nox and CO2 concentrations at original injection timing, emissions from rapeseed oil relative to diesel fuel at different speeds and loads, effect of injection timing optimization on peak indicated pressure, effect of injection timing optimization on nox and CO concentrations, Brake-specific fuel consumption, are presented in the paper.

11

Epoksydowane oleje roślinne jako środki smarowe

70%

Fiszer S. , Szałajko U. , Szeja W. , Niemiec P.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2003

|

tom T. 82, nr 8-9

1016-1019

12

Natural cold pressed oils as cosmetic products

70%

Ligęza M. , Wyglądacz D. , Tobiasz A. , Jaworecka K. , Reich A.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

|

2016

|

nr 4

443-447

13

Vegetable oils as additives to improve the lubricity of low-sulphur fuels

70%

Ambrosewicz-Walacik M. , Pszczółkowski B. , Tańska A.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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tom Vol. 25, No. 2

31--36

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the sulphur content in 33 samples of oils pressed from different species of vegetable. The unconventional oil samples were purchased from commercial store. Oils was analysed in terms of sulphur content according to the method using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with wave dispersion, that is described in the PN-EN ISO 20884, 2012 standard. Obtained results of sulphur analysis were presented as the arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (from three replicates) and statistically analysed using the Statistica 13.0 PL program. In order to indicate significance of differences between oils analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s test of p ≤ 0.05 significance level was used. The statistical analysis indicated significant differences in the content of sulphur content in the analysed vegetable oils, which could affect the lubricity of prepared fuel blends and in some cases significantly, increase the sulphur content above acceptable value 10 ppm. It was concluded that vegetable oils could be a suitable raw material improving the lubricating properties of low-sulphur diesel oils. However, due to significant differences in the sulphur content in the analysed samples, the content of this element should be analysed beforehand in order to eliminate the possibility of exceeding the permissible level of sulphur in transport fuels.

14

Performance Comparison of Four-Stroke Diesel Engine Fuelled by Various Biodiesel Blends and Diesel

70%

As’ad S. , Alsaqoor S. , Al-Busoul M. A. A. , Abu-Zaid M. , Joka-Yilidz M. , Borowski G. , Al-Khawaldeh M. A.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 17, no 4

46--52

EN

The objective of this study is to compare the performance of diesel engines, fuelled with biofuel blends extracted from corn, sunflower, and palm oils, against pure diesel. The experiments were performed using Lister LVI, single-cylinder, direct injection, four-stroke engines, with a compression ratio of 17:1. The following parameters were analysed: brake torque, brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT). The findings indicate that the characteristics of biodiesels are close to diesel fuel. Therefore, biodiesel becomes a viable alternative to diesel fuel without any modifications. Pure diesel has higher brake thermal efficiency and lower BSFC than all the biodiesel blends tested in this study. In addition, the engine consumes less fuel for biodiesel blends than pure diesel. High exhaust temperatures are conducive to nitrogen oxides (NOx) generation; hence, this study reveals that the exhaust temperature is reduced when utilizing biodiesel compared to pure diesel. According to several tests, palm biodiesel provides greater torque and BMEP than the rest of the biodiesel blends, and pure diesel due to emitting less NOx. Therefore, it stands to reason that it would be utilized in a diesel engine.

15

Właściwości chemiczne ekologicznych olejów roślinnych tłoczonych na zimno

60%

Krajewska M. , Andrejko D. , Ślaska-Grzywna B.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2015

|

tom T. 94, nr 10

1714-1716

PL

Przeprowadzono tłoczenie na zimno oleju z nasion rzepaku ozimego (Brassica napus L.) odmiany Adriana, lnu włóknistego (Linum usitatissimum L.) odmiany Luna, konopi włóknistych (Cannabis sativa L.) odmiany Beniko, maku niebieskiego (Papaver somniferum L.) odmiany Major, rzeżuchy ogrodowej (Lepidium sativum L.) i czarnuszki siewnej (Nigella Sativa L.). W nasionach oznaczono zawartość tłuszczu. Obliczono wydajność tłoczenia oleju. W olejach oznaczono liczbę kwasową (LK), liczbę nadtlenkową (LN) oraz stabilność oksydatywną. Wszystkie użyte do badań nasiona charakteryzowały się zbliżoną zawartością tłuszczu wynoszącą 30–40%, z wyjątkiem rzeżuchy (13,4%). Uzyskane oleje spełniały normy jakościowe pod względem wartości LK, ale charakteryzowały się małą stabilnością oksydatywną (wyjątek stanowił olej rzepakowy).

EN

Seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) varieties Adriana, fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties Luna, hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties Beniko, blue poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) varieties Major, garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.), fennelflower (Nigella sativa L.) were analyzed for fat content and cold-pressed (room temp.) to det. the oil extn. efficiency. The oils were characterized by acid no., peroxide value and oxidative stability. All the seeds (except for cress) had a similar fat content to 30–40%. The oils met the quality requirements but showed low oxidative stability except for rapeseed oil.

16

Wpływ warunków modyfikacji olejów roślinnych na ich właściwości jako środków smarnych

60%

Grabowski R. , Iłowska J. , Chrobak J. , Szmatoła M. , Szwach I. , Studnik H. , Orlińska B. , Drabik J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2018

|

tom T. 97, nr 12

2132--2135

PL

Przedstawiono jeden ze sposobów modyfikacji oleju roślinnego. Modyfikowano olej abisyński w procesie utleniania tlenem pod ciśnieniem. Zbadano wpływ temperatury, dodatku katalizatora i rozpuszczalnika na przebieg procesu oraz właściwości uzyskanego produktu. W celu obniżenia temperatury reakcji zastosowano N-hydroksyftalimid, który jest katalizatorem reakcji wolnorodnikowych. Zastosowanie jako rozpuszczalnika ditlenku węgla w warunkach nadkrytycznych miało na celu rozcieńczenie układu i w wyniku tego oczekiwano otrzymania produktu o jednorodnych i powtarzalnych właściwościach. W celu oceny aplikacyjnej otrzymanego produktu określono jego podstawowe właściwości fizyczno-chemiczne.

EN

Two com. vegetable oils were modified by O₂ oxidn. in supercrit. CO₂ solvent at 80-120°C under pressure 150 bar in presence of N‑hydroxyphthalimide as a free-radical catalyst. Use of the CO₂ solvent resulted in decreasing viscosity, peroxide value and acid no. of the oils.

17

Własności energetyczne mieszanin oleju rzepakowego z olejem opałowym lekkim i ciężkim. Cz. 2

60%

Karcz H. , Kosiorek A. , Butmankiewicz T.

Instal

|

2005

|

tom nr 6

40--45

PL

Świat zaczyna doceniać odnawialne źródła energii. Wymusiły to względy ekonomiczne oraz polityczno-ekologiczne. Szczególnie ważną dziedziną badań są mieszanki olei roślinnych z ropopochodnymi i skutki ich stosowania w sektorze paliwowo-energetycznym. Spośród oferowanych na rynku biopaliw, możliwych do przemysłowego wykorzystania, analizie laboratoryjnej oraz badaniom w skali technicznej został poddany olej rzepakowy. Biorąc pod uwagę technologię uprawy rzepaku i produkcji oleju oraz niską zawartość pierwiastków S i N założono, że może on stanowić istotny czynnik obniżający emisję SO2 i NOx, przy jego spalaniu jako mieszanin z olejami ropopochodnymi, a w bilansie globalnej emisji gazów cieplarnianych przyczyniać się do ich redukcji, m. in. w zakresie CO2. Badania własności fizykochemicznych oleju rzepakowego oraz jego mieszanin z mazutem wykazały, że powstałe mieszaniny są stabilne fizycznie i chemicznie oraz mogą spełniać wszystkie wymagania stawiane paliwom ropopochodnym używanym w polskiej energetyce. Przeprowadzone doświadczenia potwierdziły, że olej rzepakowy i jego mieszaniny z mazutem i olejem opałowym pełnowartościowym mogą być paliwami ciekłymi do uruchamiania i opalania kotłów energetycznych, przy zachowaniu wysokiej sprawności procesu spalania oraz niskiej emisji szkodliwych gazów.

EN

The world begins to appreciate renewable energy sources. It was breed by economical and political-ecological considerations, especially important domain of research are mixtures of vegetable oils and fuel oils as well as the results of their usage in fuel - energy sector. Among offered on market biofuels possible for industrial use, rape oil became subject to laboratory analysis as well as research on technical scale. Low content of S and N elements, the process of growing and oil production were the basic elements for assumption that it can be essential factor for reducing the emissions of NOx, SO2 and CO2 during combustion as mixtures with fuel oils. The research concerning physical - chemical properties of rape oil and its mixtures with mazout has proved, that these mixtures are physically and chemically stable and are able to meet all demands made for fuels used in Polish energy industry. Performed experiments confirmed that rape oil and its mixtures with mazout and balanced fuel oils can be liquid fuels for activating and heating process for energy boilers with conservation high efficiency of the combustion process as well as low emission of harmful gases.

18

Określenie właściwości reologicznych surowców pochodzących z oleju rzepakowego

60%

Dworakowska S. , Bogdał D. , Majka T. M. , Pielichowski K.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Mechanika

|

2012

|

tom R. 109, z. 9-M

67--76

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu temperatury i szybkości ścinania na lepkość dynamiczną surowców olejowych na przykładzie wybranych pochodnych oleju rzepakowego. Badania przeprowadzono z użyciem reometru HAAKE MARS III firmy Thermo Scientific.

EN

The paper presents results of the research concerning the influence of temperature and shear rate on dynamic viscosity of oil feedstocks on example of selected derivatives of rapeseed oil. The investigations were conducted using HAAKE MARS III rheometer from Thermo Scientific company.

19

The non-normative tests of the operational suitability of biodegradable hydraulic oils

60%

Rogoś E.

Tribologia

|

2019

|

tom nr 6

87--94

EN

The paper presented the results of tests on the operational properties of industrial oils based on plants carried out by methods not covered by subject standards. It was a method for testing the thermo-oxidative resistance of oils using an actual hydraulic stand and a method for testing the resistance of oils to the action of microorganisms in an aqueous environment. The results of tests on biodegradable hydraulic oil based on a mixture of rapeseed and castor oil were presented. The usefulness of methods for assessing the operational properties of oils was demonstrated, in particular at the stage of composition.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości eksploatacyjnych olejów przemysłowych na bazie roślinnej, realizowanych metodami nieobjętymi normami przedmiotowymi. Była to metoda badania odporności termooksydacyjnej olejów z wykorzystaniem rzeczywistego stanowiska hydraulicznego oraz metoda badania odporności olejów na działanie mikroorganizmów w środowisku wodnym. Przedstawiono wyniki badań biodegradowalnego oleju hydraulicznego na bazie mieszaniny oleju rzepakowego i rycynowego. Wykazano przydatność metod do oceny właściwości eksploatacyjnych olejów, w szczególności na etapie komponowania.

20

Wpływ wstępnego zeoformowania oleju rzepakowego na właściwości biokomponentów paliwowych I i II generacji

60%

Jęczmionek Ł.

Nafta-Gaz

|

2014

|

tom R. 70, nr 2

110--114

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano problematykę wstępnego zeoformowania olejów roślinnych przeznaczonych do wytwarzania biokomponentów HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oils), a także przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące wytwarzania z zeoformowanego rzepakowego oleju estrów FAME (fatty acids methyl esters).

EN

The problem of the initial zeoforming of vegetable oils intended for the production of HVO biocomponents as well as the results of researches concerning production of FAME esters from zeoformed rapeseed oil are presented.