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1

Effect of Biostimulants on the Content and Uptake of Selected Macronutrients in Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

100%

Mystkowska I. , Dmitrowicz A.

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tom Vol. 25, nr 2

190--202

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of biostimulants on the content and uptake of selected macronutrients (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium) in tubers of two varieties of Jerusalem artichoke. The experiment was conducted in a two-factor arrangement (split-plot) with three replications in 2021–2022 at an individual farm in Międzyrzec Podlaski, Poland. The effect of two factors was studied. The first-order factor was two varieties of Helianthus tuberosus: ‘Albik’ and ‘Rubik’, and the second-order variants of biostimulant application: Kaishi, Maral, Nutrigreen AD, and Vanadoo. The effectiveness of the application of individual biostimulants in the cultivation of two varieties of Jerusalem artichoke was compared with the control object (without the application of biostimulants). The variety ‘Rubik’ accumulated the most phosphorus, calcium and potassium and the variety ‘Albik’ accumulated magnesium. Biostimulants increased the concentration of phosphorus, magnesium and calcium, and decreased potassium compared to topinambur tubers harvested from the control object. Macronutrient content in tubers of the tested varieties. Helianthus tuberosus can be ranked in descending order: potassium > phosphorus > calcium > magnesium. The cultivar ‘Albik’ was characterized by the highest macro nutrient uptake capacity. The application of biostimulants increased the uptake of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and potassium compared to the control. The content and uptake of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium were influenced by climatic conditions.

2

The Effect of Biostimulators on the Tastiness and Darkening of the Pulp of Raw and Cooked Potato Tubers

88%

Mystkowska I. , Baranowska A. , Zarzecka K. , Gugała M. , Sikorska A.

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tom Vol. 19, nr 5

116--121

EN

Field experiments were carried out in 2015–2017 with the use of bio-stimulators on an individual farm in Międzyrzec Podlaski. The experiment was based on a random split-plot method. The influence of two first factors was examined. The primary factor included three varieties of edible potato: Honorata, Jelly, Tajfun, and the secondary factor involved five ways of using bio-stimulators: Kelpak SL, Titanit, Green Ok, Brunatne Bio Złoto Cytokinin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of bio-stimulators on the tastiness and darkening of the pulp of raw and cooked tubers after 10 minutes. The effectiveness of the application of individual bio-stimulators in the cultivation of edible potato varieties: Honorata, Jelly and Tajfun was compared with the control object (without using bio-stimulators) sprayed with water. The methods of using bio-stimulators did not change the tastiness and darkening of the pulp of raw tubers, but they had a significant impact on the darkening of the pulp of the cooked tubers. The raw and cooked pulp of the Honorata variety darkened the least, and the Jelly variety turned out to be the tastiest, scoring 8.0 points on a scale of 1–9 compared to the remaining varieties.

3

Ecological and Economic Study of Winter Wheat Varieties by Different Geographical Origin

88%

Sobko M. , Butenko Y. , Davydenko G. , Solarov O. , Pylypenko V. , Makarova V. , Mikulina M. , Samoshkina I. , Antonovskyi O. , Poriadynskyi V.

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, iss. 1

12--21

EN

The results of research on increasing resistance of winter wheat varieties of different geographical origins to adverse weather conditions in the zone of unstable moistening in the North-Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine have been summarized. Rational use of agrometeorological resources made it possible to determine optimal terms of work on the elements of cultivation technology, taking into account weather conditions of the current year nd on their basis, to improve adaptive technologies for growing winter wheat varieties. This contributed to increase of yielding capacity, quality of grain and sustainability of agriculture. Such conditions were favorable for winter wheat crops of late sowing periods, the plants of which reached tillering phase on a significant part already in winter period. Yielding capacity of winter wheat by sowing dates (on average by varieties) was: September 1 – 5.72 t ha-1, September 10 – 5.54 t ha-1, September 20 – 5.41 t ha-1, October 1 – 5.45 t ha-1, October 10 – 4.87 t ha-1, October 20 – 5.11 t ha-1, November 1 – 5.06 t ha-1. Kraevyd and Pylypivka were the most productive among winter wheat varieties under conditions of 2020. Their yielding capacity varied between 6.18–6.88 t ha-1 and 5.53–6.30 t ha-1 depending on sowing dates. The highest level of profitability was provided by Kraevyd variety (120.0–131.2%) at late sowing dates (October 1 – November 1).

4

Determination of Frost Resistance of Sweet Cherry Varieties Using Laboratory Freezing

75%

Shubenko L. , Kubrak S. , Filipova L. , Vdovychenko Z. , Manzii O. , Zabolotna A. , Leus V.

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tom Vol. 24, iss. 3

233--240

EN

The article presents the study results of the frost resistance of sweet cherry varieties of different ripening periods under artificial freezing. The damage degree of various tissues of one- and two-year-old wood, as well as fruit formations, was analyzed. In the group of early-ripening and late-ripening varieties, a significant resistance of the bark to the effect of low temperature was found, the average damage score was 0.7. Among late-ripening cherry varieties Drogana yellow had low-temperature damage to one-year-old wood, while no negative effect on the wood was observed for the Amazonka variety. The highest overall degree of freezing of one-year wood was observed for the varieties Mliivska yellow and Drogana yellow, the lowest values were obtained for the varieties Meotida, Mirage and Amazonka. Dispersion analysis based on a combination of factors confirmed the highest degree of wood freezing for the Mliivska yellow and Drogana yellow varieties. Among the early-ripening varieties, the two-year-old wood froze the most in trees of the Dar Mlieva variety, where the highest degree of damage to the tissues of the bark, cambium, and wood was observed. The least tissue damage was in the Mliivska yellow variety, however, its core had the maximum damage not only within the group, but also among all the studied varieties. By artificial freezing in laboratory conditions, it was established that the highest frost resistance of annual and perennial wood is characteristic of the early ripening variety Zoryana, medium ripening Meotida and late ripening Amazonka. As a result of laboratory freezing, the frost resistance of fruiting bodies did not exceed 2.2 points. The fruiting formations of the Drogana yellow exceeded all the studied varieties in terms of the level of damage. High resistance to low temperatures was shown by the fruiting formations of the varieties Zoryana, Mirage and, especially, Alyonushka. The damage level of other pomological varieties was in the range of 1.9–2.25 points. The most negative effect of low temperatures was caused on flower germs.

5

The Impact of Agrotechnical Factors on Fresh and Dry Matter of Oilseed Rape

75%

Sikorska A. , Gugała M. , Zarzecka K. , Kapela K. , Mystkowska I.

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tom Vol. 18, nr 3

174--179

EN

The field experiment was conducted in the years of 2013–2016 at the Agricultural Experimental Station – Zawady belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. The experiment was set in the split-split-plot system in three repetitions. The studied factors were: I – three varieties of oilseed rape: Monolit (population variety), PR 44D06 (hybrid restored variety with a semi dwarf growth type), PT 205 (hybrid restored variety with a traditional growth type). II – two ways of sowing: 22.5 cm spacing (row sowing – density of sowing 60 seeds per 1 m-2), 45.0 cm spacing (point sowing – density of sowing 40 seeds per 1 m-2). III – four types of bio-stimulators used: the control object (without the use of bio-stimulators), Tytanit® bio-stimulator, Asahi®SL bio-stimulator, Silvit® bio-stimulator. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the types of used bio-stimulators and the way of sowing on the fresh and dry mass of plants (rosette, root) of three varieties of winter oilseed rape. The fresh and dry mass of the aboveground part of rosette and the fresh and dry mass of the root system depended significantly on the genetic factor, types of used bio-stimulators and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the individual years of research. From the cultivated varieties, the largest fresh and dry mass of the aboveground part of 1 rosette (on average of 33.3 g and 6.34 g) and the fresh and dry mass of the root system of 1 plant (an average of 7.97g and 2.30 g) characterised the population morphotype – Monolit. Types of the bio-stimulators used significantly impact the increased values of these characteristics. The greatest fresh and dry mass of plants (rosette, root) was noted on object 3, on which the Asahi SL bio-stimulator was used.

6

Study of cropping system characterization, seed production and storage practices of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Lamjung, Nepal

75%

Lamsal S. , Adhikari B. B. , Chhetri L. B. , Bhandari Y.

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tom 21

32-41

EN

This study was carried out in Harrabot village of Tarkughat VDC, Paundi and Majuwa village of Sundarbazar Municipality of Lamjung district during 2015/2016. Thirty households (10 HH from each village) who were involved in seed production were purposively selected for survey. The respondents’ knowledge was gathered through focus group discussions and household surveys, using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Seed routine test was carried out in the Agronomy lab of Lamjung Campus. Results revealed that the dominant features of farming in the study areas were small land holdings, fragmented and sloping land with rainfall-dependent farming. Land distribution pattern was 12.93% marginal land, 16.35% upland and 70.72% irrigated lowland. Farmers grew rice, maize, mustard and pulses as major crops and fruits, vegetables, potato and flowers as minor crops. Major cropping pattern were Rice-Mustard-Maize, Maize-Rice-Fallow, Rice-Fallow-Rice etc. Nutrient-poor soils, low pH, farmers' poor access to inorganic fertilizers, soil-depleting cropping patterns, lack of technical knowledge on crop management, soil erosion and degradation are major challenges. Insects, diseases and weeds were major biotic constraints, while lack of irrigation, drought and lack of technical support were major abiotic constraints of rice production. Sukhadhan-2, Sukhadhan-3, Sukhadhan-4, Sukhadhan-5 and Sukhadhan-6 were planted in rain-fed lowland, whereas Ramdhan, Sunaulo sugandha, Loktantra, Sabitri and Makwanpur-1 were grown in irrigated lowland. Seed producers used 39.07% of the land for seed production with 4.78 tons ha-1 of seed productivity. Most of their produced seed was send to Sundar Seed Coop Ltd., Paudibazar, while some seed were stored in their home by using local containers such as earthen pots, plastic drums, metal bins, Dali, Kotho, Bhakari etc. The tested seed quality parameter in the lab showed that the average moisture, purity and germination percentage of the seed samples were 13.87%, 94.13% and 96.72%, respectively.

7

Productivity of Winter Wheat (T. aestivum, T. durum, T. spelta) Depending on Varietal Characteristics in the Context of Climate Change

75%

Korkhova M. , Panfilova A. , Domaratskiy Y. , Smirnova I.

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, iss. 4

236--244

EN

This article presents the results of studies of winter wheat species and varieties depending on the meteorological conditions of the research years. The purpose of the research is to determine the density of the productive stem, the mass of 1000 grains, the yield and quality of winter wheat grain, depending on the species and varietal composition. Methods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2015/2016–2020/2021 yrs in the experimental field of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University (Ukraine). Agricultural techniques for growing winter wheat of various species were generally accepted for the southern steppe zone of Ukraine. Its predecessor was sown peas. Results. It was determined that a larger number of productive stems per unit area (467–853 pcs./m2) formed plants of the studied varieties of soft winter wheat, while the smallest (443–694 pcs./ m2) were plants of winter durum wheat varieties. The largest mass of grain from one ear (1.06–1.20 g) on average over the years of research was formed by plants of spelt wheat varieties, and the smallest was formed 0.96–1.01 g of soft wheat plants. It was found that a higher yield of soft winter wheat (6.03 t/ha) on average over the years of research was formed in the Vidrada variety, hard wheat (5.58 t/ha) was formed in the Bosphorus variety, spelt was formed 5.36 t/ha in the Europa variety. The highest grain yield (7.13 t/ha) among the species and varieties put for study was provided by the Vidrada variety (T. aestivum) in 2016 yr, which was 5.3% more than in the variety Shestopalivka (T. aestivum), 5.9% more than the Linkor variety (T. durum), by 7.0% than the Bosphorus variety (T. durum), by 12.5% than that of the Europa variety (T. spelta) and 43.5% more than the Zorya Ukrainy variety (T. spelta). It was determined that the largest mass fraction of protein in grain was provided by the spelt Zorya Ukrainy wheat variety as 19.2–25.6% depending on the year of research, while the smallest was provided as 11.0–14.2% by the Shestopalivka soft wheat variety. In the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine, to ensure a high grain yield (5.24–6.03 t/ha) with a high protein content (14.1–15.1%), it was recommended to sow the variety of soft winter wheat Vidrada, hard winter wheat as Linkor and spelt as Europe.

8

Porównanie plonowania sześciu wybranych odmian pszenżyta ozimego w trzech kolejnych okresach wegetacyjnych w warunkach Podlasia

63%

Lisowski J. , Borusiewicz A. , Puczel J.

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tom Zeszyt

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nr XXX

47-55

EN

The study compared yield of six cultivars of winter triticale on two levels agronomic a1 and a2. At the level of a1 applied the basic mineral fertilization taking into account forecrop and soil type. At the level of a2 increased mineral nitrogen fertilization of 40 kg ∙ ha-1 using foliar fertilizers and protection of incubation. In both cases, if desired, to chemical insecticides and fungicides. The collection was carried out in full maturity stage scale BBCH 89. The highest yield of winter triticale obtained in 2014. The average yield of winter triticale at the level of agricultural technology a1 in 2014 amounted to 92.4 dt ∙ ha-1 and was higher compared to the yield in 2012 and 2013, respectively, 17% and 25%. By applying the agro-technical a2 average yield of winter triticale in 2014 amounted to 108.4 dt ∙ ha-1 and was higher compared to the year 2012 and 2013 respectively A19% and 22%. The lowest yield of winter triticale in three growing seasons at the level of agricultural technology a1 obtained from a variety of Cerberus, and its yield in 2013 amounted to 60.8 dt ∙ ha-1. The highest yield of winter triticale at the level of agricultural technology a1 obtained from a variety Agostino, whose yield in 2014 was 101.2 dt ∙ ha-1. At the level of agricultural technology a1 yielded the lowest in over three years of research cultivar of winter triticale Zirconium and its yield in 2013 amounted to 75.1 dt ∙ ha-1. In 2014, the same variety of winter triticale obtained the highest yield during the whole period of research. Its yield at the level of agricultural technology a2 in 2014 amounted to 112.2 dt ∙ ha-1. The yield of winter triticale varieties Zirconium in 2014 with the same agricultural techniques was higher by 37.1 dt ∙ ha-1 which is 33.1% compared to 2013.

PL

W pracy porównano plonowanie sześciu odmian pszenżyta ozimego na dwóch poziomach agrotechnicznych a1 i a2. Na poziomie a1 stosowano podstawowe nawożenie mineralne uwzględniające przedplon i rodzaj gleby. Na poziomie a2 zwiększano nawożenie azotowe mineralne o 40 kg∙ha-1 z zastosowaniem nalistnych nawozów wieloskładnikowych i ochroną przed wyleganiem. W obu przypadkach w razie potrzeby stosowano środki chemiczne na insektycydy i fungicydy. Zbiór wykonano w fazie dojrzałości pełnej według skali BBCH 89. Najwyższy plon pszenżyta ozimego uzyskano w roku 2014. Średni plon pszenżyta ozimego na poziomie agrotechnicznym a1 w roku 2014 wyniósł 92,4 dt∙ha-1 i był większy w stosunku do plonu w roku 2012 i 2013 odpowiednio o 17% i 25%. Przy zastosowaniu poziomu agrotechnicznego a2 średni plon pszenżyta ozimego w 2014 roku wynosił 108,4 dt∙ha-1 i był większy w stosunku do roku 2012 i 2013 odpowiednio o 19% i 22%. Najniższy plon pszenżyta ozimego w trzech okresach wegetacyjnych na poziomie agrotechnicznym a1 uzyskano z odmiany Cerber, a jej plon w 2013 roku wyniósł 60,8 dt∙ha-1. Najwyższy plon pszenżyta ozimego na poziomie agrotechnicznym a1 uzyskano z odmiany Agostino, której plon w 2014 roku wyniósł 101,2 dt∙ha-1. Na poziomie agrotechnicznym a2 najniżej plonowała w ciągu trzech lata badań odmiana pszenżyta ozimego Cyrkon, a jej plon w 2013 roku wyniósł 75,1 dt∙ha-1. W 2014 roku z tej samej odmiany pszenżyta ozimego uzyskano najwyższy plon w ciągu całego okresu prowadzenia badań. Jej plon na poziomie agrotechnicznym a2 w 2014 roku wyniósł 112,2 dt∙ha-1. Plon pszenżyta ozimego odmiany Cyrkon w 2014 roku przy takiej samej agrotechnice był wyższy o 37,1 dt∙ha-1 co stanowi33,1% w stosunku do 2013 roku.

9

Plonowanie wybranych odmian pszenicy ozimej w uprawie ekologicznej i konwencjonalnej

63%

Kuś J. , Jończyk K. , Stalenga J. , Feledyn-Szewczyk B. , Mróz A.

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tom Vol. 55, nr 3

219-223

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań prowadzonych w latach 2005-2007 w Stacji Doświadczalnej IUNG - PIB w Osinach. Celem badań było porównanie plonowania kilku odmian pszenicy ozimej w ekologicznym i konwencjonalnym systemie produkcji oraz określenie przyczyn zróżnicowania ich plonów w obu systemach. Zakres wykonanych ocen i analiz obejmował: plon ziarna oraz elementy jego struktury, ocenę porażenia przez patogeny grzybowe podstawy źdźbła i liści, ocenę ilościowo-jakościową zachwaszczenia, zawartość białka ogółem w ziarnie. W systemie ekologicznym, średnio dla czterech odmian za 3 lata, uzyskano o 20% mniejszy plon ziarna niż w uprawie konwencjonalnej. W systemie ekologicznym najwyżej plonowała Zyta, a najniżej Sukces i mieszanina odmian, natomiast w systemie konwencjonalnym największy plon wydała Kobra, zaś najniższy Roma. "Stare odmiany" (Ostka Kazimierska, Kujawianka Więcławicka i Wysokolitewka Sztywnosłoma) okazały się mało przydatne do uprawy w rolnictwie ekologicznym. Zachwaszczenie pszenicy ozimej w uprawie ekologicznej w większym stopniu zależało od zagęszczenia łanu, niż cech morfologicznych wysiewanych odmian. W ekologicznej uprawie pszenicy ozimej małe znaczenie mają choroby podstawy źdźbła, natomiast zdecydowanie większe choroby liści. Ziarno pszenicy ozimej z uprawy ekologicznej zawierało mniej białka ogólnego niż z uprawy konwencjonalnej.

EN

The results of research carried out in 2005-2007 in Experimental Station in Osiny were presented in the paper. The aim of the study was comparison of yielding of several winter wheat varieties cultivated in organic and conventional crop production systems and evaluation of the reasons of yield differentiation in these systems. The analysis contained: the yield of the grain and the elements of their structure, the evaluation of infestation by stem base and leaves fungal pathogens, quantitative and qualitative analysis of weed infestation, the total protein content in the grain. In organic system the yield was 20% smaller than in conventional one taking in account mean for four varieties during 3 years. In organic system Zyta reached the biggest yield but Sukces and mixture of variety the lowest one, whereas in conventional system Kobra yielded the highest and Roma the lowest. The old varieties (Ostka Kazimierska, Kujawianka Więcławicka, Wysokolitewka Sztywnosłoma) were not very useful for cultivation in organic system. The weed infestation in winter wheat cultivated in organic system depended more on density of the crop canopy than morphological features of varieties. In organic system stem base diseases were unimportant, contrary to leaves diseases. The winter wheat grain from organic system contained low level of total protein than from conventional one.