In an effort to find new candidates for energy storage devices, a flywheel energy storage system is implemented to an electric vehicle, suspended by mechanical gimbals and active magnetic bearings (AMBs). An AMB is a contactless bearing, therefore energy loss caused by friction can be eliminated. However, control is needed to stabilize the behaviour of the flywheel rotor. The zero bias method was chosen for its advantage in minimizing stabilization energy. Consequently, stiffness is low, and touchdown may occur when the vehicle moves at high acceleration rate. To improve stiffness of AMB suspensions, we introduce bias current at fixed or variable rate using generalized switching rule for zero/nonzero bias control with regard to current saturation. With minimized variable bias, it acts as a zero bias controller when there is no external disturbance. This paper describes the performance analysis including energy transfer efficiency of the flywheel system.
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