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PL
Autorzy artykułu podejmują problem obecnych uwarunkowań formalno-prawnych rządzących szeroko rozumianą gospodarką wodną w Polsce i starają się odpowiedzieć na pytanie czy jest możliwe zakończenie sektorowego działania w tym obszarze w celu gospodarczego wykorzystania zasobów polskich rzek. Obecnie mamy do czynienia z nowymi uwarunkowaniami na poziomie rządowym, szczególnie w związku z utworzeniem nowych ministerstw odpowiedzialnych za gospodarkę wodną. Z końcem 2015 r. przestają obowiązywać niektóre dokumenty strategiczne dla gospodarki wodnej. Jednocześnie odczuwalna jest ogromna presja społeczna kładąca nacisk na zaktywizowanie polskich rzek (transport i energetyka wodna) oraz konieczność odejścia od patrzenia na rzeki jedynie przez pryzmat powodzi czy suszy. Potrzeba zmian wymusza również konieczność opracowania narodowego programu określającego wizję rozwoju gospodarki wodnej w Polsce, będącego nadrzędnym dokumentem względem wszystkich pozostałych dokumentów strategicznych sektorowo traktujących gospodarkę wodną. Brak strategicznych decyzji, dających impuls do rozwoju spowoduje, iż nadal będziemy „białą plamą” na mapie Europy korzystającej i zarabiającej na gospodarce.
EN
The authors of the paper raise the subject of the current formal and legal conditions governing broadly understood water management in Poland and try to answer the question whether it is possible to end sectoral activity in this scope in order to use the Polish river resources for economic purposes. Currently, new circumstances appear at the governmental level, in particular due to establishment of new ministries responsible for water management. At the end of 2015, the term of some of the water management strategic documents comes to an end. At the same time, there is a huge social pressure to start exploitation of Polish rivers (transport and power generation), as well as a necessity to start seeing rivers in terms other than only floods or droughts. The need for a change requires also elaboration of a national programme defining the vision of the water management development in Poland, being a ma¬ster document with regard to all the remaining strategic documents treating water management in a sectoral way. If we do not make strategic decisions constituting an impulse for development, we will remain a “white spot” on the map of Europe, using and earning money on water management.
EN
The national power industry is based primarily on its own energy mineral resources such as hard and brown coal. Approximately 80% of electrical energy production from these minerals gives us complete energy independence and the cost of its production from coal is the lowest in comparison to other sources. Poland has, for many decades had vast resources of these minerals, the experience of their extraction and processing, the scientific-design facilities and technical factories manufacturing machines and equipment for own needs, as well as for export. Nowadays coal is and should be an important source of electrical energy and heat for the next 25–50 years, because it is one of the most reliable and price acceptable energy sources. This policy may be disturbed over the coming decades due to the depletion of active resources of hard and brown coal. The conditions for new mines development as well as for all coal mining sector development in Poland are very complicated in terms of legislation, environment, economy and image. The authors propose a set of strategic changes in the formal conditions for acquiring mining licenses. The article gives a signal to institutions responsible for national security that without proposed changes implementation in the legal and formal process it, will probably not be possible to build next brown coal, hard coal, zinc and lead ore or other minerals new mines.
PL
Krajowa energetyka oparta jest w głównej mierze na własnych surowcach energetycznych takich jak węgiel kamienny i brunatny. Produkcja ponad 80% energii elektrycznej z tych kopalin daje nam pełną niezależność energetyczną, a koszty produkcji energii z tych surowców są najmniejsze w stosunku do innych technologii. Polska posiada zasoby tych kopalin na wiele dziesiątków lat, doświadczenie związane z ich wydobyciem i przeróbką, zaplecze naukowo-projektowe oraz fabryki zaplecza technicznego produkujące maszyny i urządzenia na własne potrzeby, a także na eksport. Węgiel jest i winien pozostać przez najbliższe 25–50 lat istotnym źródłem zaopatrzenia w energię elektryczną i ciepło, gdyż stanowi jedno z najbardziej niezawodnych i przystępnych cenowo źródeł energii. Polityka ta w okresie następnych dekad może być zachwiana z powodu wyczerpywania się udostępnionych zasobów węgla. Uwarunkowania dla budowy nowych kopalń, a tym samym dla rozwoju górnictwa w Polsce są bardzo złożone zarówno pod względem prawnym, środowiskowym, ekonomicznym, jak i wizerunkowym. Autorzy proponują zmiany, które rozwiązywałyby problemy w przedmiocie uzyskiwania koncesji wydobywczych. Artykuł sygnalizuje instytucjom odpowiedzialnym za bezpieczeństwo Polski, że bez wprowadzenia zaproponowanych istotnych zmian w procesie formalnoprawnym jest mało prawdopodobne, aby wybudowano, tak potrzebne kopalnie węgla brunatnego, kamiennego, rud cynku i ołowiu czy innych kopalin.
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2010
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tom 34
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nr 1-2
PL
W artykule dokonano przeglądu systemów zintegrowanego planowania rozwoju i rewitalizacji miast w Niemczech, Francji i Wielkiej Brytanii oraz wskazano działania UE na rzecz zintegrowanego planowania. Scharakteryzowano istniejący system planowania w Polsce. Uznano potrzebę opracowywania zintegrowanych strategii rozwoju miast oraz wynikających z ich ustaleń zintegrowanych programów operacyjnych.
EN
Regulatory planning, protecting the spatial order, which developed in the period of urbanization and industrialization, has become insufficient for planning contemporary development of cities. Systems of land use planning in the Western Europe countries grew wider by adopting off-statute (unofficial) integrated planning, enabling actions aimed at qualitative development of the city. In the article, systems of the integrated planning of development and revitalization of cities in Germany, France and Great Britain were reviewed as well as the EU actions for integrated planning were shown. The existing system of planning development and spatial management in Poland and the problems with the integrated planning and programming of the development and revitalization of cities were characterised. Conclusions were expressed in relation with drawing up an integrated strategy of the development of cities and integrated operational programmes resulting from it. In the EU countries being analysed, integrated plans of development and revitalization of cities are included in relevant legal articles as an element of a planning system. However, their contents and form are not specified by law. Issues related to development plans are established in accordance with the needs of a given area and a planning process is widely socialised which enables it to reach an agreement with respect to solving the most important problems in selected critical area and makes it easy to establish partnerships of different kind which is essential for the completion of planned actions. General objectives, written in legal articles, refer both to the general plans of spatial planning, and the integrated development plans and they concern sustainable development of a territorial unit. Integrated plans of development and revitalization of cities are long-term action plans, generally of complex character. They often have a form of strategic plans. The completion of agreed actions is guaranteed by arrangements which are included in the land use plans. Cities/communes conduct a policy of socio-economic and spatial development as based on an integrated development concept, which is drawn up as a part of off-statue planning, but agreed upon with a local community and being in conformity with the purpose which is sustainable development. Development plans are to be made more detailed in operational programmes (which are a set of projects), related to problem (critical) areas. They are implemented due to an integrated action of organizational units of municipal /commune offices. They are connected both with national and Union programs, supporting financially local development.An integrated approach to the planning of development of cities is recommended by the Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities of 2007. Well-tried, in practice by the countries „old" EU, integrated plans and programmes of development should be used in the strategic management of cities in Poland. The function of an integrated plan of development and revitalization of a city/commune can be performed in Poland by a development strategy document which is included both in a system of spatial planning (according to the Act on Planning and Spatial Planning) and in a system of socio-economic planning (according to the Act on Conducting the Development Policy). However, integration of both systems is essential which will consist in defining the role of both the objectives of individual plans and programmes and their mutual connection within and among the individual levels of planning and management. Also, the terminology used so far requires unification with respect to various planning documents. Existing legal documents should be adapted to the standards of the European policy of development of cities which was done by the „old" countries the EU. One should think whether integrated plans and development programmes should be documents to be drawn up compulsorily or optionally in Poland. An integrated development strategy of a city/commune should be a long-term, comprehensive plan of action of the local government, taking into account all aspects of the development of the city (social, economic, ecological, spatial-urban) in their interrelations. A process of planning, conducted by an interdisciplinary team of specialists (with the participation of architects - urban planners), should be widely socialised for the purpose of: - reaching an agreement with respect to solving major problems in selected areas; - establishing partnership between public and private entities; - identifying and using synergy effects of actions planned. An integrated strategy should be drawn up in advance with respect to the study of conditions and trends of spatial development (of a general spatial development plan /plan of a structure). Its arrangements should be taken into account in „the study" (a general/ structure plan) and entered into a local plan which, as a generally applicable legal document, will guarantee the completion of activities planned. Operational programmes, resulting from the integrated development strategy of a city/commune, will have a character of integrated programmes (among others, operational programmes required at present by the EC: local development, revitalization of cities and development of public transport in urbanized areas). Their implementation will guarantee that the strategic goals set will be achieved.
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