Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Biosuszenie pofermentu z biogazowni rolniczych

100%

Białowiec A. , Wiśniewski D. , Pulka J. , Siudak M. , Jakubowski B. , Myślak B.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2015

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tom Tom 17, cz. 2

1554--1568

EN

Anaerobic digestion residue represents a nutrient rich resource which, if applied back on land, can reduce the use of mineral fertilizers and improve soil fertility. However, dewatering of digestate may be recommended in certain situation. Limited applicability of digestate as fertilizer may appear, especially in winter, during the vegetation period or in areas where advanced eutrophication of arable land and water bodies is developing. The use of digestate may be also governed by different laws depending on whether it is treated as fertilizer, sewage sludge or waste. The solution for thus problem may by application of biodrying process. The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of digestate from agricultural biogas plant drying in biodrying process, and analysis of its kinetic and efficiency. Dewatered digestate from agricultural biogas plant, with initial moisture of 78%, was mixed with wood chips in proportion 45:55, respectively. The mixture was placed in container reactor, and aerated during 4 weeks. During the experiment the temperature in the reactor, weight of the digestate, and energy demand was measured. Due to biodrying process, with mean air flow rate 0.025 m3/kg.h, 502 kg mass loss was achieved, what consists 76% of the initial weight of the digestate. Mean temperature in the bioreactor during first 10 days, fluctuated between 55 to 60°C. After that, gradual decrease of the temperature to 40°C in the end of 3rd week was observed. During last week the intense cooling of the bioreactor to final temperature below 20°C was observed. It was determined, that digestate mass loss had I-order reaction character. The k constant rate value was estimated, which was on the level of 0.00068 [1/h]. Total energy demand was 14.792 kWh, what relates to 0.0295 kWh of used energy per kg of mass removed.

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The Role and Effectiveness of the MBP Installation in Poland Based on Selected Examples

100%

Wiśniewska M. , Lelicińska-Serafin K.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2019

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tom Vol. 29, no. 2

1--12

EN

The paper presents examples of installations for the mechanical and biological treatment of municipal waste in Poland. Each of the presented installations is defined as a regional municipal waste treatment installation (RIPOK). Their technological solutions and work efficiency have been compared in this study. In addition, the loss of waste mass as a result of processes occurring in the biological part of individual installations was calculated in the research. The paper refers to the National Waste Management Plan (KPGO 2022) regarding the circular economy. As intended by the circular economy, MBP installations will be transformed into installations that will treat selectively collected municipal waste and become Regional Recycling Centers (RCR).

3

Decomposition Rate, and Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics of Sphagnum Litter : Lessons from a Peat Bog

100%

Péli E. R. , Nagy J. , Cserhalmi D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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tom Vol. 64, nr 2

231--240

EN

Decomposition rates and changes of carbon and nitrogen contents of Sphagnum litter in mire vegetation can help to explore the ecological effects of climate change and the role of environmental factors from a local to an ecosystem scale. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between mentioned parameters in small and isolated Sphagnum dominated mires. Measurements had been conducted throughout a year by placing litterbags filled with Sphagnum biomass in three vegetation types (open peat bog, poor fen, alder carr) of a mire ecosystem in Hungary. Peat decomposition rates differed to a great extent; the slowest decomposition rate (39.1±9.52%) was in the alder carr, indicating that slower decomposition could be characteristic for this kind of vegetation type of mire. Between Sphagnum dominated microhabitats, open peat bog showed medium (65.57±4.05) while poor fen the fastest (68.61±5.5) rates in decomposition. The C/N ratio of the Sphagnum litter showed significant decrease (P <0.005) in all studied micro-environments. Slower N release was observed from litter of Alnus dominated association (31.3±6.9%) compared to Sphagnum dominated ones (56.5±8.3%). Our findings showed that the decomposition rates were more dependent on vegetation type than C/N ratio and this relationship was also revealed at a small spatial scale.

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Effectiveness of cooling methods in reducing losses during cherry storage

70%

Hutsol T. , Priss O. , Ivanova I. , Serdуuk M. , Cupiał M. , Tymoshchuk T. , Havrylianchyk R. , Prokopchuk L. , Kowalczyk Z.

Agricultural Engineering

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2024

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tom Vol. 28, No. 1

321--340

EN

Efficient use of energy and resources is vital for fostering the sustainable development of our planet and fighting hidden hunger. One way to address this issue is by preserving the quality of raw materials from fruits over a prolonged period. However, fruits have the highest rate of losses and waste among food products. Incorrect selection of cooling procedures and inappropriate cooling rates can lead to post-harvest quality losses, which in turn will result in loss of product quality and energy. Research into methods capable of minimizing losses and extending the storage life of fruits is essential to determine their effectiveness. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the impact of different cooling methods on the reduction of losses and the extension of the shelf life of cherries. The study involved sweet cherries of different ripening periods (Melitopolska chorna, Krupnoplidna and Valerii Chkalov) and sweet cherries of the Vstriecha variety. The influence of room cooling, forced air cooling, hydrocooling with the addition of lactic and acetic acid, and combined cooling method on cooling rate, weight loss, epiphytic microflora condition, respiratory intensity and heat generation during cherry storage was analyzed. The highest fruit weight losses were observed when using the forced air cooling method, ranging from 1.76 to 1.96%. The combined cooling method for cherries and sour cherries reduced average fruit weight losses by 11.3-22.9 times compared to other methods. When using the combined method, the number of bacteria and fungi on the surface of cherry fruits remained at the same level as before cooling or decreased by 10 to 40% depending on the variety. On the surface of the fruits of the Vstriecha sour cherry variety, the number of bacteria and fungi decreased from 20 to 60% compared to the indicators of the epiphytic microflora before cooling. The proposed combined precooling method is determined to be the most effective in terms of technological indicators and preservation of the quality of cherry and sour cherry fruits. Further studies of the impact of cooling methods on cherry quality will allow the development of mathematical modeling approaches to quantitatively describe precooling processes throughout the entire refrigeration chain for fruit preservation.

PL

Efektywne wykorzystanie energii i zasobów ma kluczowe znaczenie dla wspierania zrównoważonego rozwoju i zwalczania ukrytego głodu. Jednym ze sposobów rozwiązania tego problemu jest zachowanie jakości surowców owocowych przez dłuższy czas. Jednak owoce są najbardziej narażoną na straty produkcyjne grupą żywności oraz najczęściej marnotrawioną. Nieprawidłowy dobór procedur chłodzenia i nieodpowiednie tempo procesu mogą prowadzić do utraty jakości owoców po zbiorach. To z kolei spowoduje utratę jakości produktu i straty energii. Celem badań była ocena wpływu różnych metod chłodzenia na zmniejszenie strat i wydłużenie okresu przechowywania czereśni. Badaniami objęto czereśnie o różnym okresie dojrzewania (Melitopolska chorna, Krupnoplidna i Valerii Chkalov) oraz wiśnie odmiany Vstriecha. Przeanalizowano wpływ chłodzenia w chłodni, chłodzenia dynamicznego („wymuszonego”) powietrzem, hydrochłodzenia z dodatkiem kwasu mlekowego i octowego oraz metody łączonej na szybkość chłodzenia, utratę masy, stan mikroflory epifitycznej, intensywność oddychania i wytwarzanie ciepła podczas przechowywania czereśni i wiśni. Najwyższe straty masy owoców zaobserwowano przy zastosowaniu metody chłodzenia dynamicznego, w zakresie od 1,76 do 1,96%. Metoda łączona chłodzenia czereśni i wiśni zmniejszyła średnie straty masy owoców o 11,3-22,9 razy w porównaniu z innymi metodami. Podczas stosowania metody łączonej liczba bakterii i grzybów na powierzchni owoców wiśni pozostała na tym samym poziomie co przed chłodzeniem lub zmniejszyła się o 10 do 40% w zależności od odmiany. Na powierzchni owoców wiśni odmiany Vstriecha liczba bakterii i grzybów zmniejszyła się od 20 do 60% w porównaniu ze wskaźnikami mikroflory epifitycznej przed chłodzeniem. Zaproponowana kombinowana metoda chłodzenia wstępnego została uznana za optymalną pod względem wskaźników technologicznych i zachowania jakości owoców wiśni i czereśni. Dalsze badania wpływu metod chłodzenia na jakość wiśni i czereśni pozwolą na opracowanie metod modelowania matematycznego w celu ilościowego opisu procesów wstępnego chłodzenia w całym łańcuchu chłodniczym procesu przechowywania owoców.