Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Heavy Metal Concentration in Fields Used as Urban Waste Dump Site in Owerri, Imo State, South-Eastern Nigeria

100%

Ayozie-Samuel V. C. , Uda C. N. , Onyeanuforo C. C.

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tom 48

46-59

EN

The concentration of heavy metals in fields used as urban waste dump sites in Owerri, Imo state Nigeria was evaluated. Three dumpsites were selected from Avu (along Port Harcourt Road), Mechanic village (opposite Tipper Park) and Egbeada housing (along Onitsha Road). Site selection was based on the presence of the dumps for at least 10 years. Soil samples were collected from the dumpsites and 100 m away from the dumpsite as control, using soil auger at depth of 0 ‒15 cm and 15‒30 cm. Cassava crops were planted on all the sites and the cassava roots were sampled alongside the soil for the study of heavy metal contents in plant roots. Routine soil analysis and plant root analysis were carried out to determine the physio-chemical characteristics and heavy metal contents of the soil and plant roots. Results showed that heavy metal contents of soils and plants are significantly (p = 0.05) higher in the dumpsites than the control except for Cd which did not show significant difference. Also results showed that Cd and Pb content of soil and plants are higher (4.17 and 3.17 mg/kg, respectively) for soil and (0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively) for plant roots. It is therefore recommended that farmers should avoid growing crops in urban waste dumpsites to avoid food contamination and health hazard.

2

Phytotoxicity of composts produced from various urban wastes

72%

Obidoska G. , Hadam A.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

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2008

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tom 29

3

Among ‘Bananas’ and ‘Backyards’: A Statistical Analysis of the Effect of Risk and Scientific Literacy on the Attitude towards a Waste Co-incinerator in Italy

72%

Tipaldo G.

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tom 1

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nr 3

53-72

EN

This paper, based on a social impact research and the possible NIMBY-effect of the Turin, Italy, co-incinerator, deals with risk perception, scientific literacy and their influence on the attitude towards high-tech and controversial industrial plants. The paper argues that plant and infrastructure settlements having a substantial ecological impact represent a highly sophisticated and diverse social phenomenon in which risk plays an important but not unique role. Taking into account some important concomitant variables (such as trust, mass media use, political culture in decision-making processes), it is first of all shown that risk is not a mono-dimensional concept, as assumed by the psychometric tradition, and that two dimensions of the concept are to be found. The collective dimension has a positive monotonic association with a critical attitude towards the co-incinerator, whereas the individual dimension has an unexpectedly negative correlation, which will be explained in further detail. It also demonstrates that scientific literacy has no statistical significance for attitude in our model, confirming the well-known limits of the so called ‘knowledge deficit’ model.

4

Energy production from urban waste

72%

Błaszczyk J. , Błogowska K. , Rajewski A.

Archiwum Energetyki

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2010

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tom nr 1/2

19-29

EN

This paper covers the concept of utilizing green waste collected in urban areas as a complementary source of energy for zero-emission electricity generation. It shortly presents the problems with developing renewable energy sources in Poland and possibility of increasing the green energy balance by using readily available green wastes collected in urban areas all around the country. The study presents available volumes of waste, its typical properties - experimentally tested, and resulting energy potential for several Polish cities for which implementation of technologies based on green waste energy conversion would be relatively easy because of already :existing central green waste management system. Finally the paper presents desirable direction of further research towards industrial solutions.

PL

Artykuł obejmuje koncepcję wykorzystania odpadów zielonych, zbieranych na terenach miejskich, jako uzupełniającego źródła energii dla zeroemisyjnej produkcji energii elektrycznej. Krótko przedstawiono problemy rozwoju źródeł energii odnawialnej w Polsce i możliwości polepszenia bilansu energii zielonej przez użytkowanie łatwo dostępnych odpadów zielonych, zbieranych na terenach miejskich w całym kraju. W pracy podano dostępne ilości odpadów, ich typowe własności potwierdzone doświadczalnie oraz wynikający z tego potencjał energetyczny dla kilku miast polskich, w których zastosowanie technologii opartych na przemianie energii odpadów zielonych byłoby stosunkowo łatwe ze względu na już istniejący centralny system zarządzania odpadami zielonymi. W końcowej części artykuł przedstawia pożądany kierunek dalszych badań prowadzących do rozwiązań przemysłowych.

5

Detection of heavy metal concentrations in soil caused by Nigde city garbage dump

72%

Tumuklu A. , Yalcin M. G. , Sonmez M.

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 4

651-658

EN

The aim of this study was to detect heavy metal concentrations in the creek which passes through Nigde city garbage dump. In this respect, the soil samples collected in the study area by GPS were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. Traces of heavy metals were observed by using statistical programs on analysis results. Geological observations were taken into consideration. According to the heavy metal concentrations in the Creek, the maximum values were as follows; (mg/ kg) Ti: 4960, V: 520, Cr: 120, Mn: 810, Ni: 460, Cu: 410, Zn: 100 and Pb: 480. The concentration levels of heavy metals in soil caused by garbage dump are listed in the following order; Pb > Cu > V > Ti > Cr > Ni > Zn. High positive correlation were observed between Ti-Mn, V-Ni and Cr-Ni. Medium positive correlations were observed between V-Cr, V-Cu and Ni-Zn. It has been found by chemical analysis data collected from stations established throughout the creek that there is an effect of morphological structure and no geological anomaly has been formed. According to chemical analysis results, statistical programs give important accuracy. Heavy metals, which give anomaly, differ throughout the creek. The source of these heavy metals was determined as Nigde city garbage dump. For this reason, it was suggested that, in order to refine the study area, a modern, organized storage system must be used instead of wild storage system in storing the urban wastes, and recyclable products must be used in the industry.

6

Efficacious waste organisation in urban areas: a case study of Bauchi city

58%

Ajufoh M. C. O. , Babaji M. A.

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nr 2

EN

Waste management is the collection, transportation, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, aesthetics, amenity and the environment and also to recover resources. Waste management can involve solid liquid or gaseous substances with different methods and fields of emphasis for each. Waste management practices differ for developed, developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial production. This paper tries to deal with illegal and unplanned solid waste disposal; it also attempts to proffer solutions to the problem of improper waste disposal through incineration and recycling of metals, cellophane and Teflon and how Bauchi state can generate some revenue through the recycling of these waste materials. The paper also tries to educate on the problems associated with landfills while dealing briefly, on the advantages of biological processing and also how waste can be avoided and reduced. The paper also tries to present waste management concepts in relation to Bauchi city.

7

Zbieranie i oczyszczanie ścieków komunalnych bez nadzoru - groźba dotkliwych kar finansowych ze strony UE

58%

Trzaskowski P.

Kontrola Państwowa

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2022

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tom 67

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nr 4 (405)

67-75

EN

The regulations of the European Union impose concrete responsibilities on the Member States related to treatment of urban waste. Poland has not been meeting them, that is why in February 2022 the European Commission started proceedings that – according to the estimate of the Ministry of Marine Economy and Inland Navigation (now the Ministry of Infrastructure) – may result in fines up to almost six billion EUR. NIK signalled this threat already in 2012. Still, the latest audit indicates that, although more than a decade has passed since then, municipalities usually do not have data on the number of inhabitants using their sewage systems, nor on those using onsite treatment systems, or drainless reservoirs. Also, municipalities do not measure the waste water produced in their area. In this situation, it is difficult to plan investments properly. This is one of several irregularities that have led to this strict stance of the European Commission. The article presents the findings of the NIK audit in detail. It comprised the following entities: the Ministry of Infrastructure, the National Board for Water Management of the State Water Management Entity “Polish Waters” (PGW WP; Wody Polskie), the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFOŚiGW), 16 regional funds for environmental protection and water management (wfośgw), as well as 44 municipalities and 44 waterworks and sewage system companies. NIK audited the measures taken by public administration bodies and their subordinate entities as for ensuring a comprehensive collection of urban waste and its proper treatment. The audit comprised, among other, planning, implementation, monitoring, coordination and supervision of activities related to waste water management.

PL

Przepisy Unii Europejskiej nakładają na państwa członkowskie konkretne obowiązki związane z oczyszczaniem ścieków. Polska się z nich nie wywiązuje, dlatego w lutym 2022 r. Komisja Europejska (dalej także KE, Komisja) podjęła decyzję o wniesieniu do Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej (dalej także TSUE) sprawy przeciwko naszemu krajowi w związku z nieprzestrzeganiem dyrektywy dotyczącej oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych. Może to spowodować nałożenie kar finansowych sięgających niemal 6 mld euro. O związanym z tym zagrożeniu Izba alarmowała już w 2010 roku. Najnowsza kontrola wykazała, że mimo upływu ponad dekady, gminy najczęściej nie posiadają danych o liczbie mieszkańców korzystających z sieci kanalizacyjnej, przydomowych oczyszczalni oraz ze zbiorników bezodpływowych. Nie szacują też ilości ścieków powstających na ich terenie. Trudno w tej sytuacji planować właściwe inwestycje. Te i wiele innych nieprawidłowości stało się powodem stanowczej reakcji KE.

8

Kumulacja cynku przez rosliny uprawiane na polach zalewanych sciekami miejskimi po II stopniu oczyszczenia

58%

Stepniewska Z. , Zuchowski J.

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2000

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tom 38

221-228

PL

Celem pracy było ustalenie, które z badanych roślin (topola, wierzba wiciowa, rzepak, konopie i mieszanka traw) kumulują największe ilości cynku oraz jak zróżnicowany stopień nawadniania gleby wpływa na pobranie tego pierwiastka. Eksperyment przeprowadzono na polach doświadczalnych (gleba torfowo-murszowa) irygowanych ściekami miejskimi o II stopniu oczyszczenia. Pola doświadczalne były podzielone na trzy kwatery: kontrolną (A), zalewaną pojedynczą dawką, ścieków miejskich po II stopniu oczyszczenia (B) oraz zalewaną dawką podwójną (C), Ilość ścieków wprowadzanych na pola wynosiła odpowiednio 600 i 1200 mm w ciągu roku. Oznaczenia stężeń cynku w materiale roślinnym wykonywano metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej (AAS). Stężenia cynku mieściły się w zakresie 11-290 mg kg '. Najwyższą zawartość cynku stwierdzono w liściach topoli, 32-290 mg kg-1. Pozostałe rośliny można uszeregować następująco; wierzba, konopie, rzepak, mieszanka traw.

EN

The aim of the work was to establish, which of tested plants (poplar, willow, mixture of grasses, hemp, spring rape) cultivated on experimental fields (Eutric Histosol) irrigated with municipal wastewater's (after second [biological] step of purification) is the most efficient in accumulation of zinc. Experimental fields with each plant were divided into three parts: control part (A); Hooded with single (600 mm) dose of water (B); flooded with double dose (C). Zinc content analyses were done with atomic absorption spectrometer. The highest concentrations of zinc (32-290 mg kg-1) were observed in poplar leaves. The experiment demonstrated the following order of zinc content in green parts of the plants: poplar> willow> hemp> rapc>= mixture of grasses. The highest concentrations of zinc were the most often observed in plants grown on control fields.

9

Actinomycetes in compost

58%

Lacey J.

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nr 1