Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy przykładem socjologicznej wyobraźni jego twórców

100%

Zawada P.

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tom 40

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nr 4

103-116

EN

In defining the place and significance of the Central Industrial District (COP) in Polish history and economy, it is impossible to overlook the numerous components of this complex economic undertaking, the plan whose main purpose was to increase the level of defence capabilities of the Second Polish Republic and to offset the differences in the economic sphere of particular areas of Poland. In addition to a few historical issues, the article presents the achievements of the Aviation Valley, an association listed among the key national clusters, created as a result of a specific organizational culture implemented in Sub-Carpathian Region since the beginning of the COP.

PL

Przy definiowaniu miejsca i znaczenia Centralnego Okręgu Przemysłowego – COP w polskiej historii i polskiej gospodarce nie sposób nie zauważyć licznych elementów składowych tego skomplikowanego przedsięwzięcia gospodarczego, planu, którego zasadniczym celem było zwiększenie poziomu obronności II RP i zniwelowanie różnic w sferze gospodarczej poszczególnych obszarów Polski, począwszy od 1937 r. Na uwagę zasługuje także fakt, że działania zapoczątkowane w tamtym okresie w dalszym czasie przekładają się na to, co dzieje się w życiu gospodarczym i społecznym województwa podkarpackiego, na przykład powstanie i działalność Stowarzyszenia Dolina Lotnicza.

2

„Węzły i struktury przestrzenne” – w hołdzie Stefanowi du Château

84%

Motro R.

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nr 4(40)

41-49

EN

The work of Stéphane du Château is clearly inscribed in the second half of the 20th century. He developed several spatial structures’ systems based on a clever design of nodes, which were all patented. More than two hundred and fifty projects were effectively built. Besides this productive work Stéphane du Château founded several associations in order to gather designers and to promote Spatial Structures. His charisma and his commitment were the keys of a remarkable contribution to spatial structures. This paper is a short summary and a reminder of his achievements and importance for the development of spatial structures.

PL

Twórczość Stefana du Château jest wyraźnie wpisana w rozwój myśli architektonicznej 2. poł. XX w. Opracował on kilka systemów struktur przestrzennych w oparciu o pomysłowy projekt węzłów, które wszystkie zostały opatentowane. Pona d 250 jego projektów zostało w pełni zrealizowanych. Opr ócz tego Stefan du Château założył kilka stowarzyszeń, aby przyciągnąć projektantów i popularyzować struktury przestrzenne. Jego charyzma i zaangażowanie były kluczem do niebywałego rozwoju struktur przestrzennych. Ten artykuł jest krótkim podsumowaniem oraz przypomnieniem jego osiągnięć i ic h znaczenia dla rozwoju konstrukcji przestrzennych.

3

Instytucjonalne formy wspierania rozwoju przemysłu Galicji w dobie autonomii

84%

Kruk D. P.

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2015

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nr 6(942)

93-105

PL

Nowa ekonomia instytucjonalna stanowi teorię, której odwołanie znaleźć można w tematyce uprzemysłowienia Galicji w dobie autonomii. Uważa się, że Galicja była obszarem ubogim i zaniedbanym, pozbawionym struktur organizacyjnych. Zaborca pozostawił ten region, nie wykazując chęci wykorzystania potencjału ludzi oraz organizacji, które się na nim znajdowały. Jednakże analizując ten region od strony ekonomicznej oraz znaczenia instytucji, można zauważyć, jak wielką rolę odgrywały one w kształtowaniu przemysłu na tych ziemiach. W związku z obecnością instytucji, które krzewiły rzemiosło, handel oraz drobny przemysł, można przyjąć, że działające organizacje stanowiły bodziec do rozwoju tego regionu. Przedmiotem artykułu jest zarys działalności stowarzyszeń przemysłowych o zasięgu krajowym.

EN

New Institutional Economics is a theory that was cited in the revocation of Galician industrialisation in the era of autonomy. Galicia was a poor area neglected and deprived of organisational structures. The occupying power left the region without the prospect of using the potential of either the people or organizations. However, analysing the region in economic terms, particularly from the point of view of institutions, we see what an important role they played in shaping Galicia’s industry. The formal institutions created craft, trade and small-scale industry that caused the region to develop. The article outlines the activity of nationwide industrial associations.

4

Prediction of groundwater contamination in an open landfill area using a novel hybrid clustering-based AI model

84%

Singh P. , Mahor V. , Lakshmaiya N. , Shanker K. , Kaliappan S. , Muthukannan M. , Rajendran G.

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tom Vol. 50, nr 1

105--122

EN

Groundwater is a vital resource that provides drinking water to over half of the world's population. However, groundwater contamination has become a serious issue due to human activities such as industrialization, agriculture, and improper waste disposal. The impacts of groundwater contamination can be severe, including health risks, environmental damage, and economic losses. A list of unknown groundwater contamination sources has been developed for the Wang-Tien landfill using a groundwater modeling system (GMS). Further, AI-based models have been developed which accurately predict the contamination from the sources at this site. A serious complication with most previous studies using artificial neural networks (ANN) for contamination source identification has been the large size of the neural networks. We have designed the ANN models which use three different ways of presenting inputs that are categorized by hierarchical K-means clustering. Such an implementation reduces the overall complexity of the model along with high accuracy. The predictive capability of developed models was assessed using performance indices and compared with the ANN models. The results show that the hybrid model of hierarchical K-means clustering and ANN model (HCA-ANN) is a highly accurate model for identifying pollution sources in contaminated water.

5

Strukturalna innowacyjność w pracach Stefana du Château: od metalowych kratownic do ram przestrzennych

67%

Porto C. E.

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nr 4(40)

51-64

EN

Stéphane du Château, a Polish engineer, was one of the pioneers in the development of light structures in the 20th century, beginning his researches in Paris soon after the II World War. This article aims at presenting the evolution of spatial structures on the example of his projects and shows how systems invented by him influenced a new architecture.

PL

Polski inżynier Stefan du Château, który rozpoczął swoje badania w Paryżu niedługo po II wojnie światowej, był jednym z pionierów rozwoju lekkich struktur w myśli architektonicznej XX w. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono ewolucję struktur przestrzennych na przykładach jego projektów i pokazano, jak opracowane przez niego systemy wpłynęły na nową architekturę.

6

Nędza u bogatych sąsiadów. Pauperyzm w Prusach w XIX wieku do 1871 roku

67%

Łukasiewicz D.

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2014

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nr 2

59-98

EN

The term Sozial Frage, as well as “pauperization”, became popular in public discussion in the 1830s during the transformation of the feudal, guild and agrarian society into the democratic and capitalist one. As a result the institution of the family disappeared, at least as a productive and social unit, which guaranteed protection and safety; on the other hand, the number of population increased significantly, accompanied by big migrations from villages to towns, and a huge emigration, especially to the USA. The enormous deregulation of the production relations brought about a loss of sense of safety; it affected mainly the lower classes and workers. New phenomena appeared: unemployment, industrial accidents, many people fell into poverty as a result of diseases. On the other hand, the workers’ wages were very low in comparison to the elementary needs. The capitalism of that time meant mainly a rapid economic growth, but the threats and opportunities were very unequally divided – very few were given the opportunities and chances, whereas very many the threats and risks. The workers’ wages were growing faster than the prices, but the areas of poverty and pauperization, not covered by any protection or social care, were enormous. The housing conditions were awful, the food was very poor, which was a consequence of migration to towns from villages where both things were usually better; in towns food expenses ate up almost all the wages. Another question resulting from poverty was child labour, quite common in the 19th century. In craftsman and peasant families women had no time to look after their children. Peasants and craftsmen still used to think that their children should be accustomed to the jobs inherited from their parents as soon as possible. Child labour in the country and in factories was widespread, which delayed the dissemination of common education. In spite of that, in the first half of the 19th century Darwinian ideology was still alien to the Prussians. The early liberalism was based on the pre-industrialism and patriarchal ideas, and it was craft in the centre of such thinking, not industry. It was considered that all the people after receiving education and acquiring property became citizens. There was class consciousness, but the class structure of society was thought to be temporary. Before 1848 the Prussians knew about the English pauperism and tried to avoid it in their country turning to state’s interventionism, which at that time was not a taboo subject. It was analyzed how taxes might relieve the poorest. However, those ideas were rejected, at the earliest in the Rhineland. The liberal trends became stronger and stronger. It was them Karl Marx meant when he said that capitalism destroys all the values, including religion, and the only one that is left is profit.