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1

Dzieje parafii unickiej w Pienianach

100%

Frykowski J.

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tom 12

23-47

PL

Praca przedstawia funkcjonowanie parafii unickiej pw. Najświętszej Panny Marii Różańcowej w Pienianach od jej utworzenia do likwidacji unii w 1875 r. Na wstępie artykułu określono położenie geograficzne parafii, jej wielkość i miejsce w strukturach organizacyjnych kościoła. Analizując protokoły powizytacyjne biskupów chełmskich oraz wykazy statystyczne, przedstawiono wygląd świątyni parafialnej i filialnych oraz ich wyposażenie. W miarę możliwości przedstawiono wygląd plebanii i budynków ekonomicznych. Odtworzono listę 12 duchownych i określono beneficjum cerkiewne. W dalszej części określono liczbę wiernych, a także przedstawiono liczbę parafian przystępujących do sakramentów.

EN

The work presents the functioning of the Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary Uniate Parish in Pieniany from the time of its creation till the end of the Union in 1875. The beginning of the article sets the geographical location of the parish, and its size and hierarchy in the Church's organisational structures. Based on the analysis of the Visitation Protocols drawn up by the bishops of Chełm, as well as statistical data, the Author presents the scenario of the parish church and the branch churches, as well as their furnishings. The Author presents, to the fullest extent possible, the design of presbyteries and economy buildings. The list of twelve clergymen has been reconstructed and the Orthodox benefice determined. The latter part of the article specifies the size of the congregation, and shows the number of parishioners receiving sacraments.

2

Tadeusz Kościuszko wobec duchowieństwa unickiego

75%

Krochmal J.

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nr 17

153-168

EN

In the literature on the Kosciuszko Insurrection, military, political, social or international aspects of insurrection are described in details. There was also often tackled a problem of participation of the clergy, mostly Roman Catholics, and attitudes of individual churches and religious communities towards the uprising. Though, it was rarely researched on relation of the Tadeusz Kosciuszko to Uniates (Greek Catholics) and his active attempts to engage Uniates in the rise. Aprops of discussing the Polish-Russian relations in a religious context (Russia used care for the Orthodox church to interfere in Polish affairs) questions arise also over Kosciuszko and the Polish government attitude towards Orthodox church. However, the Orthodox inhabitants of Poland (mostly Russians) were a minority far less numerous than their compatriots who adhere to the Greek Catholic Rite (Uniates). Kosciuszko planned to extend the uprising over the whole Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and involve in it as much people as possible. He wanted to attract all social, ethnic and religious groups, in order to give the uprising character of nationwide movement. Clergymen of various denominations were often intermediaries in the transmission of the call for uprising, thus they were addressees of the appeals of Commander in Chief and the insurgents’ authorities. In the letters calling for the uprising Kosciuszko appealed to patriotic and religious feelings at the same time. To engage the peasant in uprising (peasants from all over the country, but among Unites and Orthodox dominated peasants) and cover the eastern territories inhabited by Ruthenians, Kościuszko in camp at Polaniec issued series of very important documents, including The Manifesto of Polaniec and appeals to the Uniate and Orthodox clergy. Document which is published here is an unknown Kosciuszko’s letter to the Uniate clergy, that was found in the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv.

3

Instrumentalizacja prawosławia w polityce wewnętrznej i zagranicznej Rosji w świetle raportu Mirosława Dobrianskiego z 1883 roku

63%

Sempołowicz M.

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nr 1

93-108

EN

The presented source text is a memorial illustrating the situation in the post-Uniate territories of the Kingdom of Poland. It includes the recommendations to be undertaken in order to strengthen the Orthodox Church influence in these lands. It was recommended, for example, to coordinate the actions of the state administration, the Orthodox Church, and the judicature, to ban the use of the Polish language in state offices, impose severe financial penalties on Roman Catholic priests, strengthen Russian education in schools, and separate the district from the Kingdom of Poland.

PL

Przedstawiony tekst źródłowy jest memoriałem pokazującym sytuację na terenach pounickich Królestwa Polskiego. Zawiera zalecenia, jakie należy podjąć działania w celu wzmocnienia prawosławia. Zalecono m.in. skoordynowanie działań administracji państwowej, Cerkwi oraz sądownictwa, zakazanie używania polskiego języka w urzędach, nakładanie dotkliwych kar finansowych na księży rzymskokatolickich, wzmocnienie rosyjskiego szkolnictwa oraz wydzielenie omawianego obszaru z Królestwa Polskiego.

4

Duchowieństwo unickie eparchii przemysko-samborskiej w latach 1596–1609

63%

Krochmal J.

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nr 20

135-167

EN

Orthodox bishop of Przemysl and Sambor Michał Kopysteński (1591-1609) did not join the union of Brest in 1596. Therefore, the Przemyśl-Sambor Emparchy did not have Greek-Catholic bishop until 1609, when Atanazy Krupecki was nominated.The article presents the history of the first phase of the church union in Przemyśl-Sambor eparchy (1596-1609). This issue has been poorly explored in historiography. Many historians thought that before 1609, the Eparchy of Przemyśl-Sambor had no Greek-Catholic priests and Greek-Catholics. This view has been verified. Also the myth that the Greek-Catholic Church initially consisted only of bishops, and was deprived of ecclesiastical structures and followers was challenged. The Church Union of Brest was supposed to combine the two Churches - Catholic and Orthodox. As a result of non-acceptance of the Union by the two bishops and a large part of the Orthodox faithful, there were formed two parallel structures of the Eastern Church: Orthodox and Greek-Catholic. This complex legal and religious situation forced the Orthodox popes of the Przemyśl-Sambor Eparchy to face the choice between the Ortodox Church or acceptance of ecclesiastical union. The latter was equivalent with the conversion from the Orthodox to the Greek Catholic denomination. Following the adoption of the Union of Brest state authorities outlawed the Orthodox Church, and recognized as the only legitimate one the Greek-Catholic Church. Pope recognizing the authority of the Metropolitan of Kiev, which was of Greek-Catholic denomination, had to object to his hitherto Orthodox bishop. Moreover, the bishops and priests who did not accept the union of church, were excommunicated by metropolitan of Kiev. An important role in determining denomination of a particular parish had landowners of lands where churches were located. The landowner (the king, the nobles and the clergy) was called. "Ktitor", and had the right to choose a pope. After 1596, decisions on filling the church by the Orthodox and Greek-Catholic priests were taken in accordance with the principle of cuius regio, eius religio. Union developed gradually throughout the Przemyśl-Sambor Eparchy thanks to the support of ktitors. This graduall evolutionary development of the union was followed by natural generational changes that took place in the individual parishes. No information was found on Orthodox priests forcibly removed and replaced by the Greek-Catholics. From 1598 to 1609 Greek-Catholic popes are confirmed in seven decanates of the eparchy, mostly in the towns and villages belonging to the king and Stanisław Stadnicki from Żmigród. Identified were 22 known by name Greek-Catholic priests, plus four popes who were probably of Greek-Catholic denomination. Recognized popes accounted for only about 2% of all priests (both Greek-Catholics and Orthodox) from the eparchy. However, for all Greek-Catholic churches operating at that time this is a significant percentage of the Greek-Catholics parishes. These figures have not been known in historiography yet. During this period, the vast majority of churches and clergy of the Przemyśl-Sambor Eparchy remained Orthodox. Nevertheless, only 19 known by the name Orthodox priests and eight who were probably Orthodox were identified as a result of a query. The number of identified Greek-Catholic and Orthodox priests are comparable, although on the Orhodox should be much more information in the sources. There was also found information about 12 known by name popes who lived by 1596 but there was no hints about their attitude to the union and 18 popes from the period after 1596, whose denomination can not be determined. Orthodox churches served by popes known by name were of a minor percentage of the total number of operating the Orthodox and Greek-Catholic churches. So far, historians have failed to determine the number of churches that existed in that period in the Przemyśl-Sambor eparchy and all data are based on estimations. Therefore, creation of an inventory of the Orthodox and Greek-Catholic churches is an important research proposal. Another objective should be to determine the number of priests serving in those churches. The article shows religious specificity of Przemyśl-Sambor Eparchy over 13 years (1596-1609). Most of the processes had not been completed in that period, so they should be considered in the long term. The final adoption of the church union between 1691 and 1693 ended disputes among Orthodox and Greek-Catholics in the Eparchy of Przemyśl-Sambor.

5

Kontekst historyczny procesu beatyfikacyjnego męczenników z Pratulina i ich duchowe dziedzictwo dzisiaj

51%

Matwiejuk K.

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nr Teologiczne Studia Siedleckie

217-245

EN

The trial of the Uniate martyrs from Pratulin in 1874 was started in 1919 by Bishop Henryk Przeździecki, the first ordinary of the resurrected diocese of Janów, i.e. Podlasie. The beatification of the Servants of God, Wincenty Lewoniuk and XII companions, was carried out in Rome on October 6, 1996 by Pope John Paul II. The attitude of the blessed Pratulin martyrs was shaped above all by the liturgy. The Synod of the Uniate Church, held in Zamość in 1720, contributed to the revival of religious life in Uniate dioceses through the in-depth formation of pastors and certain changes in liturgical rituals. Blessed martyrs from Pratulin grew up to sanctity in a climate of persecution provoked by politicized Orthodoxy. Their heroic testimony is the spiritual heritage of the Diocese of Siedlce. Successive generations of Christ's followers will recognize this heritage, accept it and consolidate it by living the Gospel, loving the Church and praying for the unity of divided Christians.

PL

Beatyfikacja w Kościele katolickim jest urzędowym aktem kościelnym. Zezwala on na publiczny kult o charakterze lokalnym, zatem w diecezji czy zakonie, konkretnej zmarłej osoby. Uroczyste ogłoszenie nowego błogosławionego poprzedza żmudny proces beatyfikacyjny. Proces unickich męczenników z Pratulina z 1874 roku rozpoczął w 1919 roku bp Henryk Przeździecki, pierwszy ordynariusz reaktywowanej diecezji janowskiej czyli podlaskiej. Kompletną dokumentację, tzw. Positio super martyrio, przygotowała prof. Hanna Dylągowa w 1995 roku. Papież Jan Paweł II dokonał beatyfikacji Sług Bożych Wincentego Lewoniuka i XII współtowarzyszy w Rzymie 6 października 1996 roku. Prośbę o dokonanie beatyfikacji i podziękowanie za nią wygłosił wobec Ojca Świętego biskup siedlecki Jan Wiktor Nowak. Synod Kościoła unickiego, obradujący w 1720 roku w Zamościu, przyczynił się do ożywienia życia religijnego w diecezjach unickich. Zainicjował pogłębioną formację duszpasterzy i wprowadził pewne zmiany w obrzędowości liturgicznej. Postawę błogosławionych męczenników z Pratulina kształtowała nade wszystko liturgia. Jest ona bowiem miejscem i sposobem doświadczania zbawczej obecności Chrystusa. Męczennicy z Pratulina dorastali do świętości w klimacie prześladowań, prowokowanych przez upolitycznione prawosławie. Ich heroiczne świadectwo jest błogosławioną cząstką duchowego dziedzictwa diecezji siedleckiej. Kolejne pokolenia wyznawców Chrystusa to dziedzictwo poznają, przyjmują je i utrwalają, żyjąc według Ewangelii, miłując Kościół, i modląc się o zjednoczenie podzielonych chrześcijan.

6

Dzieje parafii unickiej pw. Kuźmy i Damiana w Klątwach do 1875 roku

51%

Frykowski J. A.

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tom 15

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nr 1

EN

The history of the village of Klatwy, the seat of the Saints Cosmas and Damian Uniate parish, dates back to at least fifteenth century. In 1462, due to the incorporation of the Duchy of Belz into the Kingdom of Poland, the village of Klatwy became part of the Starosty of Tyszowce and as a royal village functioned until 1768 the first partition of Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth, Klatwy was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, then it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw and following the joint resolutions of the Congress of Vienna it was given to Russia. Originally, the village of Klatwy belonged to the Greek Orthodox Church and after the incorporation of Red Ruthenia into the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland come under the influence of the Latin Church, therefore, the inhabitants of that region were of dual rites, both Eastern Orthodox (then Uniate) as well as Latin Church.

7

Kwestia unicka w badaniach wychowanków wybranych warszawskich uczelni ostatniego stulecia. Przyczynek do historii historiografii

51%

Jasiński M. S.

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tom T. 68, nr 4

65--87

EN

The article aims to review academic literature devoted to the Union of Brest and its followers, written between 1915 and 2022 by students and scholars associated with Warsaw. It includes major publications by alumni of universities and other higher education institutions in the capital of Poland, but also minor sketches (mostly unpublished) authored by Warsaw-based Greek Catholics. It explores the resurgence of scholarly interest in the Uniate question in the interwar period, its stagnation during the Polish People’s Republic, and its rekindling in the Third Polish Republic. It dwells on the realization that the authors’ viewpoint and the science policy of their employers - be it the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church or the Communist Party - was the determining factor in the works’ ideological skew. Another trend observed in the late 20th c. was that the religious affiliation of researchers and writers had lost its former significance mainly due to increasing privatization of religion.

8

Unici Podlascy. Rozwój kultu Błogosławionych

51%

Błoński B.

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nr Teologiczne Studia Siedleckie

359-382

EN

This study presents the development of the cult of the Blessed Martyrs of Pratulin. The first part of the article presents a short history of the process of beatification. Then the author discussed the pastoral initiatives related to the cult of the Blesseds, e.g. founding of the Memory Association of Pratulin Martyrs "Martyrium" and the "Arka" Foundation, the Diocesan Family of Schools identified with Martyrs of Podlasie and the Brotherhood "Guardians of the Church". In the further part of the article, attention is paid to the development of the Sanctuary of Pratulin, numerous publications, exhibitions, film projects dedicated to the Blessed Units of Podlasie, as well as the solemn celebration of beatification anniversaries. The indicated initiatives and projects confirm that the diocese of Siedlce preserves the memory and develops the spiritual heritage of the Blessed Martyrs of Podlasie.

PL

Niniejsze opracowanie przedstawia rozwój kultu Błogosławionych Męczenników z Pratulina. W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowano krótką historię procesu beatyfikacyjnego. Następnie autor omówił powstałe inicjatywy duszpasterskie związane z kultem Błogosławionych, m.in. powstanie Stowarzyszenia Pamięci Unitów Podlaskich „Martyrium” i Fundacji „Arka”, Diecezjalnej Rodziny Szkół im. Unitów Podlaskich oraz Bractwa „Strażnicy Kościoła”. W dalszej części artykułu zwrócono uwagę na rozwój sanktuarium pratulińskiego, liczne publikacje, wystawy, projekty filmowe poświęcone Unitom z Pratulina, a także uroczyste świętowanie kolejnych rocznic beatyfikacji. Wskazane inicjatywy i projekty są potwierdzeniem, że diecezja siedlecka zachowuje pamięć i rozwija duchowe dziedzictwo Unitów Podlaskich.

9

Jak sufragana chełmskiego kijami pobito, czyli o rozruchach religijnych w Hrubieszowie i Czerniczynie z marca–kwietnia 1636 r. Oblata protestacji i obdukcji Abrahama Śladkowskiego oraz oględzin ran jego kapelana, siostrzeńca i woźnicy w urzędzie grodzkim grabowieckim

44%

Goszczyński A.

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nr 55

737-762

EN

One of the main areas of conflict between the Uniates and the Orthodox in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the early 17th century was the issue of rights to use places of worship. In order to settle the related feuds, a commission was established in 1635 to repartition Orthodox churches in royal towns in proportion to the number of Greek Catholics and Disuniates residing there. One of the centers covered by its efforts was Hrubieszow in the Chełm region, where officials granted the Orthodox the right to own two temples. Despite the verdict, which was favorable to themselves, the non-Uniates there caused riots, during which they attacked a Greek Catholic temple, Catholic clergy and townspeople of the Latin rite. In addition, upon hearing of the arrival of Chelm suffragan Abraham Sladkowski to Czerniczyn, located nearby, they decided to attack the clergyman, to which they convinced the peasants living there. Under their influence, the peasants first attacked the local orthodox church and battered the pop who was in charge of it, and then beat up the aforementioned dignitary, who had arrived there upon hearing of the unrest, not sparing the people accompanying him. As a result of actions taken by the Uniate bishop of Chelm, Methodius Terlecki, the culprits of the incidents were to answer for their actions with their lives and property. However, the punishment was waived after the townspeople did public penance and adopted the Uniate religion.

PL

Jednym z głównych pól konfliktu pomiędzy unitami i prawosławnymi w Rzeczypospolitej w pierwszej połowie XVII w. była kwestia praw do użytkowania miejsc kultu. Celem zażegnania związanych z tym waśni w 1635 r. powołano komisję, która miała dokonać repartycji cerkwi w miastach królewskich w sposób proporcjonalny do ilości zamieszkujących je grekokatolików i dyzunitów. Jednym z ośrodków objętych jej działaniami był Hrubieszów w ziemi chełmskiej, gdzie urzędnicy przyznali prawosławnym dwie świątynie. Pomimo pomyślnego dla siebie werdyktu tamtejsi dyzunici wywołali zamieszki, w trakcie których napadli na grekokatolicką cerkiew, katolickich duchownych oraz mieszczan łacińskiego obrządku. Ponadto na wieść o przyjeździe sufragana chełmskiego Abrahama Śladkowskiego do położonego opodal Czerniczyna powzięli oni zamiar napaści na duchownego, do czego przekonali zamieszkujących tam włościan. Pod ich wpływem chłopi najpierw zaatakowali miejscową cerkiew i poturbowali zawiadującego nią popa, następnie zaś pobili wspomnianego dostojnika, który przybył tam na wieść o rozruchach, nie oszczędzając przy tym towarzyszących mu osób. W wyniku działań podjętych przez unickiego biskupa chełmskiego Metodego Terleckiego winni zajść mieli odpowiadać życiem i majątkiem za swoje postępowanie. Od kary jednak odstąpiono po tym, jak mieszczanie odbyli publiczną pokutę oraz przyjęli unickie wyznanie.