Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Bezrobocie wśród młodzieży Unii Europejskiej

100%

Kowerski M.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2013

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nr 3(33)

47-67

PL

W pracy przeanalizowano zmiany i stosując filtr Hodricka-Prescotta wyznaczono trendy stóp bezrobocia w państwach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2000–2013 zwracając uwagę na duży, chociaż zróżnicowany w zależności od państwa wzrost poziomu i stóp bezrobocia w ostatnich 5 latach. Wzrost ten był znacznie wyższy wśród młodzieży niż wśród osób starszych, przy czym wśród młodych ludzi bezrobocie dotyka najbardziej osoby z niskim poziomem wykształcenia. Szczegółowo przeanalizowano i porównano zmiany sytuacji młodych ludzi na rynku pracy Polski na tle Austrii — państwa o najniższej stopie bezrobocia i Grecji — państwa o najwyższej stopie bezrobocia w UE.

EN

In this paper the Hodrick-Prescott filter method is used to calculate trends of the unemployment rates in the years 2000–2013 in European Union countries. In the last 5 years the high increase of the level and the unemployment rates was observed in most EU countries. This increase was higher among youth than older people. An especially high increase is observed among young people with a low level of education. The changes in unemployment among young people in Poland are compared to Austria — the country with the lowest rate of unemployment and Greece — the country with the highest rate of unemployment were analyzed in detail.

2

Unemployment and new firm formation: evidence from Polish industries at the regional level

100%

Wosiek M.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2021

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tom 16

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nr 4

765-782

EN

Research background: The present study takes the regional economics perspective to explaining new firm registrations. It focuses on the driving role of unemployment rate in the process of new business formation. Purpose of the article: The main goal of the study is to investigate the effect of regional unemployment (next to other regional characteristics) on subsequent new business formation in Polish regions for the period 2003?2018. The research hypothesis assumes that a rise in unemployment rate has a positive effect on subsequent new business formation. The positive unemployment push effect is expected to be stronger in operational services. Methods: In order to verify the links between unemployment rates and entrepreneurship, panel data methods (fixed effect Driscoll-Kraay and p-VAR estimators) were applied. The analyses were performed at the industry level (manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail, hotels and restaurants, and financial services) using regional annual data for the period 2003?2018. Findings & value added: This study provides further insight into the unemployment push hypothesis by distinguishing between industry sectors and by considering regional specificities in post-communist economies (e.g. Poland). The findings provide value for policy-makers regarding the selection of policy instruments intended to stimulate regional development through entrepreneurship in lagged areas.

3

DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN THE INDEBTEDNESS OF EU MEMBER STATES AFTER LAST FINANCIAL CRISIS

100%

Lajtkepová E.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2016

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tom 7

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nr 4

551-563

EN

Indebtedness is undoubtedly one of the most significant economic problems in the countries of the EU. Despite the fact that the EU-28 have adopted criteria and measures that should regulate indebtedness, the majority of member states are not keeping up to these previously agreed rules. For many countries indebtedness has become a barrier to further development. The article’s aim is to provide an overview of the indebtedness of EU member states and to explore whether this indebtedness is linked to or even dependent on selected economic characteristics (GDP, unemployment rate and social benefits paid as a share of GDP). Data from the EU-28 countries, the Eurozone and the countries outside the Eurozone will be studied separately on the assumption that there will be differences between the countries in the Eurozone and those outside it. In the investigation of the issue only secondary data from the official statistics can be used. All the data are taken from Eurostat and then processed using the standard methods of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The analysis carried out showed that the average indebtedness of the EU-28 countries is higher than set by the EU criteria, and at the same time confirmed that there is a difference in debt levels between countries within and outside the Eurozone. The Eurozone countries show indebtedness that is overall higher than in countries outside the Eurozone, while at the same time they show a moderately strong linear dependence both between indebtedness and unemployment rates and between indebtedness and payments of social benefits. In the countries outside the Eurozone it was shown that while the relationship between indebtedness and the unemployment rate was weak that between indebtedness and the payment of social benefits was relatively strong.

4

Unemployment rate for various countries since 2005 to 2012: comparison of its level and pace using functional principal component analysis

100%

Jaworski S. , Furmańczyk K.

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tom 13

|

nr 2

40-47

EN

We apply the functional principal component analysis to compare the unemployment rate in euro area, Japan and USA since 2005 to 2012. For preprocessing analysis we used B-splines system with roughness penalty for smoothing the data. The analysis enables to reveal the most important type of variation in unemployment rate and its pace's in examined countries.

5

THE INS AND OUTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN POLISH VOIVODESHIPS

100%

Jaworski S.

|

2014

|

tom 15

|

nr 2

349-358

EN

This paper measures and compares the job-finding and separation transition rates of Polish voivodeships from 2005:Q1 to 2014:Q2. It uses readily accessible data of Local Data Bank in Poland: registered unemployment person by duration of unemployment and registered unemployment rate. The method of measurement stems from influential paper by Shimer on "Reassesing the Ins and Outs of Unemployment". The main sources of variability between the rates are investigated in terms of functional principal components.

6

Changes in the Labour Market for The Warmia-Mazury Voivod and Poland in 2005–2014

100%

Wysocka M.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2017

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tom 12

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nr 3

278-288

EN

The aim of this article is to show the relationship between the number of employees and economic activity of the population in the Warmia-Mazury Region and in Poland from 2005 to 2014. This situation on the labour market was characterised by the values of factor activity, employment rate and unemployment rate. The source of information for the calculation was data from statistical offices – the provincial, Central and Regional Labour Office. The study showed positive changes expressed by increasing employment mostly in private enterprises belonging to the SME sector. These changes were significantly correlated with the values of unemployment rate.

7

Spatial Diversification of the Unemployment Rate by Province and District in Poland between 2008 and 2013

100%

Zdrojewski E. , Guzińska M.

|

tom 10

|

nr 2

129-142

EN

One of the characteristic features of unemployment in Poland is a strong spatial diversification of that phenomenon. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate changes in the unemployment rate in provinces as well as (urban and rural) districts between 2008 and 2013. A thorough analysis has confirmed a dramatic difference in the intensity of unemployment in the individual districts of the country. The unemployment rate in urban districts in 2013 differed by over 24 percentage points, while in rural districts in the analysed period that spread amounted to 30%. The analysis shows that the growth of the unemployment rate in Poland was profoundly affected by the global economic crisis and other factors. The research has confirmed that unemployment is a major social problem which affects all regions of the country to a varying extent.

8

The Warmia-Mazury Special Economic Zone as a Reason for a Revival of the Local Labour Market

100%

Wysocka M. , Walkowiak R.

|

2018

|

tom 13

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nr 3

297-308

EN

This article presents the results of studies of the impact of the Special Economic Zone on the situation in the labour market in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship. Changes in the number of employees employed by economic entities operating in the Zone as well as changes in the indicators of economic activity of the population in the poviats of the voivodeship were analysed. Data collected during the empirical research showed no impact of the Zone on the improvement of the situation in the local (poviat) labour market.

9

Dlouhodobé selhání východoněmeckého trhu práce a jeho příčiny

100%

Hana K. , Luděk K.

|

2010

|

tom 1+2

38-49

EN

In 1990 a successful economic development of East Germany after the unification was generally predicted. Nevertheless, the real economic development has been a big disappointment. Especially the East German labour market is one of the most problematic areas and since the unification has made hardly any progress. The unemployment rate is high; too many people are working in public sector and too little in the manufacturing industry. The wages and labour productivity are at 75 % of the West German value. The aim of the paper is to describe the East German labour market development and provide explanation of its long-term failure. The first chapter has an analytical character and shows the main indicators of East German labour market in two past decades. The second chapter refers to the circumstances of the arguable transition of East Germany. The third chapter discusses the concrete causes of labour market failure. The main cause is the long-term adverse relationship between labour productivity and real wages. This problem had already been created at the beginning of the transition.

10

Analysis of the Relationship between Unemployment and GDP in Poland and Spain in the Years 2002–2015

100%

Podgórska J. , Leśniowska-Gontarz M.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

|

2016

|

nr 3(45)

59-67

EN

The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between the unemployment rate and the rate of growth in two European countries: Poland and Spain; the hypotheses put forward are verified with the use of data from a public database of the OECD for the years 2002–2015. The first hypothesis assumes the existence of a relationship between the unemployment rate and changes in GDP. The second indicates that for every 2–3 percentage point decrease (increase) of real GDP in relation to potential GDP, the unemployment rate increases (decreases) by 1 percentage point in the two countries surveyed. The calculations verify positively the first hypothesis and, at the same time, falsify the second hypothesis for both countries.

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza zależności pomiędzy stopą bezrobocia a tempem wzrostu PKB. Przedmiotem analizy są dwa kraje europejskie: Polska i Hiszpania, a do weryfikacji postawionych hipotez służą zgromadzone dane na podstawie ogólnodostępnej bazy OECD z lat 2002–2015. Pierwsza hipoteza zakłada występowanie zależności pomiędzy stopą bezrobocia a zmianami PKB. Jako drugą hipotezę wskazano, iż na każde 2–3% spadku (wzrostu) realnego PKB w stosunku do wartości PKB potencjalnego stopa bezrobocia wzrasta (maleje) o 1 punkt procentowy w badanych dwóch krajach. Wykonane obliczenia weryfikują pozytywnie pierwszą zakładaną hipotezę i jednocześnie falsyfikują drugą hipotezę w przypadku obydwu krajów.

11

Stopa bezrobocia – mankamenty pomiaru i próba ich eliminacji

100%

Głuszczuk D. , Raszkowski A.

|

nr 2 (10)

22-29

EN

The algorithm for measuring unemployment rate can be formulated in many ways. Its basic variant is defined as the quotient of unemployed people number and the professionally active population (unemployed and employed). However, sometimes it is indicated that this relationship is based on the number of unemployed people and the production age population. Solving this alternative does not seem difficult. Adopting conventional definitions of unemployment rate components is much more complicated, i.e. the definition of an unemployed and an employed person. Different interpretations of meanings ingrained in these concepts result in an indicator value variation which, by assumption, is supposed to describe accurately the intensity of unemployment phenomenon in a given population. Therefore, it seems founded to pose a question – what should be done to make national and international unemployment statistics more credible? An attempt to solve this problem determines the logical sequence of the discussion presented in the paper (problem identification – recommended solutions).

12

FUNCTIONAL EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FOR VARIOUS COUNTRIES

88%

Jaworski S.

|

tom 14

|

nr 1

180-189

EN

Functional exploratory techniques are applied in the analysis of an unemployment rate. The rate is smoothed into differentiable function in order to facilitate the analysis. The main aim of the analysis is assigned to find out the unemployment curves which do not follow the same pattern as that of the other ones.

13

The impact of Special Economic Zones on local labour markets in Poland

88%

Ambroziak A. A. , Dziemianowicz W.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2021

|

tom 25

|

nr 2

93-98

EN

Studies conducted so far suggest that SEZs are not treated by local authorities as the main mechanism of job creation in a given region. The objective of this paper is to highlight potential mechanisms through which SEZs impact labour markets in poviats (counties) in Poland. To this end we conducted a comparative analysis of changes that had taken place in the labour market over the period 2004-2016 in two groups of poviats with the highest unemployment rate reported in 2004: with and without SEZs. The study does not allow us to unambiguously conclude that SEZs contributed to the improvement of labour market situation in poviats with the highest unemployment rate in Poland. That can be attributed to the fact that SEZs in Poland are highly fragmented as well as to SEZs investors being able to select locations for their investment projects in relatively better developed regions.

14

LABOUR MARKET FLEXIBILITY OF POLISH PROVINCES IN TERMS OF JOB-FINDING AND JOB-SEPARATION RATES

88%

Jaworski S.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2016

|

tom 17

|

nr 4

59-68

EN

The purpose of this paper is to examine labour market flexibility for a set of Polish provinces. Particularly, labour market inequalities among Polish provinces are analysed indirectly in terms of labour force flows. The text is based on the results conducted with a structural time series model and a stock-flow model of unemployment.

15

Unemployment in Selected EU Countries

88%

Skrętowicz B. , Wójcik M.

|

2016

|

tom 11

|

nr 3

211-226

EN

The aim of this paper is to compare the dynamic of unemployment in the years 2000–2014 in selected EU countries. The subject of the present analysis is unemployment in total population and in subpopulations identified on the basis of gender, age, and education. The notion of unemployment rate was used throughout, and its values were taken from the Internet database Eurostat. The analysis conducted makes it possible to draw the following conclusions. The differentiation of total unemployment rate among the selected EU countries was very high, and the shape of the curves reflected the impact of economic crisis. Around 2010 many countries saw stabilising tendencies (with the exception of Greece and the countries located in the Iberian Peninsula). In the countries with low unemployment rates the surplus of female unemployment is giving way to a gender balance, or even a slight surplus of male unemployment. Among the selected age categories, the youngest group was and continues to be most heavily affected by the situation on the labour market. A high level of education is still correlated with a lower risk of unemployment; nevertheless the growing differences between the countries constitute a troubling trend.

16

The Employment of Foreigners in Poland and the Labour Market Situation

88%

Duszczyk M. , Matuszczyk K.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

|

2018

|

tom 7

|

nr 2

53-68

EN

Between 2014 and 2016 the number of foreigners on the Polish labour market increased by over 300 per cent. They were mainly Ukrainian citizens taking up seasonal employment on the basis of the so-called ‘simplified system’. According to the literature, such a large increase in labour immigration in a short period of time may be an important factor in the growth of unemployment and the reduction of the employment rate of natives. The main purpose of this text is to show the correlation between the increase in the employment of foreigners in Poland and to determine whether or not this has had an impact on the deterioration of the state of the labour market. For this purpose, data from the Central Statistical Office and the Polish Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy were collected. As a result of our analysis, it was found that the significant increase in the presence of foreigners on the Polish labour market, which the country has faced in recent years, was not correlated with the rise in unemployment, the increase in the rate of economic inactivity and the availability of seasonal jobs. On this basis, we can state that the increase in the supply of foreigners on the Polish labour market, compared to other factors influencing it, was weak enough for the negative effects of the increased employment of foreigners to not occur.

17

DIFFERENCES IN UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG PERSONS IN A SPECIAL SITUATION ON THE LABOUR MARKET ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLISH PROVINCES

88%

Murawska A.

Oeconomia Copernicana

|

2016

|

tom 7

|

nr 3

375-388

EN

The unemployment level in a region and economic activity on the labour market are considered the most important determinants of individuals’ standard of living. The article aims to assess regional differences in indicators characterising the situation on the labour market depending on the selected social and demographic features of the unemployed. In order to achieve this objective, information from secondary sources, primarily statistical yearbooks and other source materials, was used. General data relating to Poland and sixteen provinces was analysed. The assessment of regional differences and the relationship between them used basic indices and ratios in the form of numerical evaluation. Coefficients of intensity, structure, variation and correlation were calculated. Differences in the level of unemployment in Polish provinces depend on such factors as place of residence, age, sex, level of education of the unemployed, seniority and duration of unemployment. Residents of provinces with a favourable situation on the labour market have a notably higher income and standard of living.

18

Where and why in the UK? The Case of Polish Migrants

88%

Kowalewska G. , Rutkowska-Ziarko A. , Simister J. , Sonmez Y.

|

2016

|

tom 11

|

nr 2

137-150

EN

This article focuses on one of the most controversial issues frequently discussed by many including politicians, academics and the media in the UK and Poland: migration of Polish people to Britain. The main aim is to identify the important factors causing migration of Poles within the UK. In this article, the authors seek to study the pull factors, i.e. level of wages or employment rate, for Polish people between different regions within the UK. By using the data from “Labour Force Surveys” collected by the UK government; and data from Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) in Poland, this paper analyses where and why the Polish migrants live in the UK. The most important factor determining the fraction of Polish people in a given region is the fraction of Polish people in that region in the past. When Polish people move within UK, they tend to choose a region with a higher level of gross pay, and they don’t seem to consider the risk of unemployment. The authors are grateful to providers of survey data discussed in the “Data and methods” section of this paper. LFS data are made available by the UK Data Service. Views reported in this paper do not necessarily reflect opinions of organisations which commissioned or provided access to these surveys.

19

Czynniki ekonomiczne determinujące rynek pracy w ujęciu teoretycznym i empirycznym

75%

Dylkiewicz R. B.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2014

|

tom 2(68)

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie istoty rynku pracy oraz analiza czynników ekonomicznych, które go determinują. Rynek pracy stanowi jeden z rynków czynników produkcji badanych w ekonomii. Obok niego funkcjonuje rynek dóbr i usług, rynek kapitału i rynek pieniądza. Każdy z nich rządzi się odmiennymi prawami i na każdy z nich oddziałują inne czynniki. Ukazanie czynników determinujących rynek pracy jest współcześnie niezbędne w ocenie tego rynku

EN

The main goal of this paper is to show the nature of the labour market and to analyze the economic factors behind it. The labour market is one of the markets of production factors analyzed in economics. Apart from the labour market, there exist the market of goods and services, the capital market and the financial market. Each of them is governed by different rules and influenced by different factors. In-depth studies of the factors which determine the labour market is of vital significance for contemporary economic research.

20

The Structure of Unemployment in Poland and the European Union Between 2000 and 2012

75%

Kwiatkowska W.

|

tom 17

|

nr 3

63-84

EN

This paper has two main objectives. The first is to show changes in the levels of unemployment and unemployment rates in Poland and other European Union countries and to explain why the Polish rates are relatively high. The second is to analyse the structure of unemployment by gender, age, levels of education, and duration of unemployment. In order to assess the Polish unemployment structure it is compared with the analogous structures in the other European Union countries. The analysis will indicate the groups of the labour force with high risk of unemployment. Among the groups of high risk of unemployment are women, youth, people with low skills, and the long-term unemployed.

PL

Sformułowane są dwa główne cele opracowania: · po pierwsze, ukazanie zmian wielkości bezrobocia i stopy bezrobocia w Polsce i innych krajach UE27 wraz z określeniem przyczyn tych zmian; · po drugie, dokonanie analizy struktury bezrobocia według takich kryteriów, jak: płeć, wiek, poziom wykształcenia i czas pozostawania bez pracy w Polsce i innych krajach UE27. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, iż do grup szczególnie zagrożonych na rynku pracy należy zaliczyć: osoby młode, kobiety, ludzi z niskim poziomem wykształcenia i długoterminowo bezrobotnych.