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Acid-Promoted Synthesis of Imidazolyl-Pyrazole Derivatives via a Multicomponent Reaction Using Ultra Sound Irradiation

100%

Baria B. , Viradiya D. , Kotadiya V. , Kakadiya R. , Shah A.

2014

tom Vol. 11, iss. 3

277--283

Some new imidazolyl pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized using benzil, ammonium acetate, and heterocyclic aldehyde in ethanol and acetic acid under ultra sound irradiation. The obtained products using this approach are having high purity and good in yield. By conducting the reactions in ethanol, the solid products were precipitated out and could be isolated simply by filtration. The synthesized compounds were characterized by various analytical techniques such as 1H and 13C NMR and further supported by mass spectroscopy.

Treatment of the pistachio processing wastewater using Fenton’s, ultrasound with Fenton’s, and coagulation processes

63%

Demir O. , Rastgeldi B.

tom Vol. 44, nr 1

167--180

Pistachio processing wastewater was characterized and the treatability of wastewater using Fenton’s process, the combination of Fenton’s process with ultrasonic irradiation and coagulation processes was investigated. [Fe2+] = 27.6 mg/dm3, [H2O,sub>2]= 30 mg/dm3 and 75 min of reaction time were determined as the optimum conditions for Fenton’s process. Then, the combined treatment (ultrasound with Fenton’s process, was applied to the pistachio processing wastewater and 45% of COD removal efficiency was obtained. For the coagulation process, the optimum removal efficiencies of 60% and 45% were achieved for FeCl3 dosage of 2000 mg/dm3 and Al2(SO4)3 dosage of 3000 mg/dm3, respectively. The results demonstrate that higher COD removal efficiencies could be obtained from the combined ultrasound and Fenton’s process with respect to Fenton’s process alone. Besides, applying the coagulation process using FeCl3and Al2(SO4)3 also presents high COD removal efficiencies.

Sonondegradation of organophosphorus pesticides in water

51%

Dehghani M. H. , Fadaei A.

tom Vol. 39, nr 4

5--14

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), such as diazinon and malathion, are widely found in water resources. When absorbed by human organisms, OPP s are very toxic mainly because they deactivate acetyl cholinesterase. In the present study, the degradation of diazinon and malathion was investigated. The experiments were conducted for diazinon concentrations of 100, 300, 500 μg/dm3 and malathion concentrations of 200,400,600 μg/ dm3. Sonochemical examination was done using an ultrasonic reactor at 130 kHz and 500 NW for five times, and then the amount of the pesticide in a sample was measured by the gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID).The highest degradation of malathion and diazinon by the sonolysis process occurred at pH 9 and 3, respectively. The study demonstrates that malathion and diazinon could be effectively degraded by ultrasonic irradiation.