To reduce the storage time of spent fuel its radiotoxicity must be reduced through the transmutation of minor actinides. Generation IV reactors or sub-critical Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) are options that appear technically feasible in view of the transmutation goal. The purpose of this work is to design a lead-cooled 400 MWth sub-critical reactor which uses inert matrix nitride fuel. Many design issues are dealt with, such as the lifetime of the cladding material, the minimum reactivity swing fuel composition, the burning rates of MA and the safety coefficients. The results obtained show that ADS performs well in transmuting minor actinides and has good safety levels in respect of reactivity perturbations.
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Transmutation can reduce the storage time of spent fuel. Efficient transmutation requires a high flux of neutrons and can therefore be done only in nuclear reactors. The article shows the concepts of different solutions of transmutation in nuclear reactors. Knowledge of transmutation is supplemented by information on spent fuel and its radiotoxicity.
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