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EN
The article proposes a method of assessing information transmission reliability by using the output normalized logarithmic ratio of the likelihood function (LRLF) of the decoder. Based on the evaluation, the method allows adapting system parameters with turbo codes (TC) or LDPC code. This method can be used in combination with other methods of parametric and structural adaptation using turbo codes or LDPC codes.
EN
Multi-hop ad hoc networks are promising candidates for next generation mobile communications. They have sufficient channel capacity to achieve high data rate transmission for large number of users. One advantage of multi-hop networks is to realize multi-route transmissions. Since information bit streams can be transmitted over multiple routes, we can obtain route diversity effect. In order to enhance the route diversity effect, we usually introduce forward error correction schemes. Turbo coding is one of suitable coding methods for multi-hop networks. The turbo encoder generates one message stream and two parity streams whilst the message stream is more important than the parity streams for achieving reliable communications. Thus an unequal power allocation to the message and parity streams could be effective in improving the performance. In this paper, the effect of unequal power allocation for turbo coded multi-hop networks is investigated. Assuming the channel as additive white Gaussian and binary symmetric, we will show considerable performance improvement by unequal power allocation in terms of the bit error rate performance in multi-route multi-hop networks.
EN
This paper deals with an application of convolutional interleavers in unequal error protection (UEP) turbo codes. The constructed convolutional interleavers act as block interleavers by inserting a number of stuff bits into the interleaver memories at the end of each data block. Based on the properties of this interleaver, three different models of UEP turbo codes are suggested. Simulation results confirm that utilizing UEP can provide better protection for important parts of each data block, while significantly decreasing the number of stuff bits.
EN
A novel approach for approximating the max* operator, used in the Log-MAP decoding algorithm, is presented. In this approximation it is not necessary to use any additional correction term, as previous approximation methods require. Several decoding algorithms are obtained for both turbo and turbo trellis-coded modulation (TTCM) codes with optimal and near-optimal bit error rate (BER) performance depending on a single parameter, namely the number of piecewise-linear (PWL) approximation terms used. The decoding complexity is estimated, showing the practical implementation advantages of the proposed method against the Log-MAP algorithm.
EN
This paper investigates the design of a modified matrix interleaving algorithm as a way to improve the performance of turbo codes. This proposed solution, known as the matrix-dithered golden (MDG) interleaver, utilizes the characteristics of a matrix interleaver combined with the golden section theory. The performance of the proposed interleaving method is compared with that of matrix (M), random (R), and dithered golden (DG) interleavers. The comparison is made in terms of bit error rate (BER), frame error rate (FER), computational complexity, and storage memory requirement. The turbo coded system is implemented and simulated using Matlab/Simulink software. Results of simulations performed both in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and the Rayleigh fading channel demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed interleaver. The MDG interleaver is an effective replacement for random interleavers, as it improves BER and FER performance of the turbo code and is also capable of reducing the storage memory requirement without increasing the system’s complexity.
PL
Przedstawiono zasadę działania kanału transmisyjnego z zastosowaniem wynalezionych w roku 1993 turbokodów. Kody te pozwalają zbliżyć się do granicy teoretycznej przepustowości kanału przy transmisji w obecności szumu, wyznaczonej przez CIauda Shannona w roku 1948. Praca jest adresowana do szerokiego kręgu osób zainteresowanych, niekoniecznie specjalistów w dziedzinie kodowania. Dla specjalistów zamieszczono obszerną bibliografię. Opisano również w zwięzły sposób niektóre zastosowania turbokodów.
EN
The principles of digital transmission in the presence of noise using the recently invented (1993) turbo codes arę presented. The turbo codes have a performance in terms of bit error probability very close to the Shannon limit. In principle the paper is addressed to a large forum of nonspecialist in the coding theory. However a large bibliography Is addressed to specialists. A brief description of present and future applications is included.
7
Content available remote FPGA Implementation of Turbo Decoders Using the BCJR Algorithm
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EN
The most challenging design issue for turbo codes, which is a successful channel coding method to approach the channel capacity limit, is the design of the iterative decoders which perform calculations for all possible states of the encoders. BCJR (MAP) algorithm, which is used for turbo decoders, embodies complex mathematical operations such as division, exponential and logarithm calculations. Therefore, BCJR algorithm was avoided and the sub-optimal derivatives of this algorithm such as Log-MAP and Max-Log-MAP were preferred for turbo decoder implementations. BCJR algorithm was reformulated and wrapped into a suitable structure for FPGA implementations in previous works. Previously reformulated BCJR algorithm was implemented and discussed in this paper for several design issues. Implemented system is verified through simulations. It is observed that the BER performance of the proposed algorithm is better than the Log-MAP algorithm as expected. Despite its superior BER performance, the proposed BCJR turbo decoder has a clear throughput disadvantage. For this reason the decoder has been duplicated. This is done by simply inserting another BCJR turbo decoder on the same FPGA platform, enabling two operating decoders at the same time interval. This simple yet effective modification yields almost doubled throughput results compared to the single BCJR decoder.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję budowy turbo dekodera opartego na algorytmie BCJR, zaimplementowanego w układzie FPGA. W celu ułatwienia programowania, zastosowano specjalną strukturę opracowanej metody. Ze względu na ograniczenia przepustowości dekodera, zastosowano dwa takie algorytmy, działające na platformie sterującej równolegle. Pozwoliło to na prawie dwukrotne zwiększenie przepustowości.
PL
Przedstawiono główne tezy i ciekawsze wyniki czterech prac doktorskich prowadzonych pod kierunkiem autora na temat przetwarzania i aplikacji sygnałów radiowych. Prace dotyczą zaawansowanych technik odbiorczych stosowanych w systemach DSSS w obecności zakłóceń nie-AWGN, także funkcjonowania kodów splotowych i turbokodów w tych warunkach, identyfikacji emisji ujawniającej metodą ślepego rozplatania i przetwarzania widma oraz aplikacji sieci sensorowych do wczesnego ostrzegania o zagrożeniach kolizji na drogach. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na dużą wartość aplikacyjną prac.
EN
The main thesis and substantial results of four doctoral dissertations, carried out under the author in recent years, have been presented. The subjects of dissertations are as follows: (1) Adaptive double-matched reception of spread speetrum signals in color noise/interference, (2) Resistance of Viterbi chain and turbo codes to non-AWGN interference in SS systems, (3) Identification of aside EM signals via blind deconvolution and speetrum processing, (4) Early warning and collision avoidance system for road traffic, using sensor networks. The obtained results show at high application potential of works.
PL
Przedstawiono metody kodowania kanałowego stosowane w systemach komórkowych. Zaprezentowano kody splotowe stosowane w systemie komórkowym GSM i podsystemach GPRS i EDGE. Przedstawiono również kody splotowe i turbokody stosowane w systemie UMTS i standardzie LTE.
EN
The paper presents a method of channel coding schemes used in mobile communication systems. Presented convolutional codes used in GSM mobile systems and GPRS and EDGE subsystems. Also presented convolutional codes and turbo codes used in the UMTS system and LTE.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono porównanie jako ści dekodowania, jaka można uzyskać dla trzech typów kodów zastosowanych w systemach o wysokiej niezawodno sci (URC). W artykule przebadano działanie kodów PEG LDPC i kodów kaskadowych (CC-RS), których wyniki nastepnie porównano z wynikami dla turbo kodów. skane wyniki pokazały, że zastosowanie algorytmu PEG LDPC pozwoliło na osiagniecie lepszej jakości dekodowania w porównaniu do popularnych turbo kodów.
EN
The article presents a comparison of the decod ing performance of the turbo code with two competing coding schemes that could be also considered as transmis sion schemes for the URL transmission. Obtained results have proven that application of PEG-LDPC allows to achieve a better decoding performance compared to the commonly used turbo codes.
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