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Implikacje prawne istnienia powojennych obozów pracy na Śląsku

100%

Nowak E.

tom IX

163-188

In his paper, the author undertook to discuss the subject of inquiries and trials in connection with crimes committed in the labour camps which were organized in Silesia after the Second World War, that is those located in the following places: Jaworzno, Łambinowice, Mysłowice and Świętochłowice. All the inquiries and trials were rich in many details and were also accompanied by elements of the political character. At first, the author analyzes the Labour Camp based in Łambinowice, which makes an unprecedented case as regards the number of inquiries and trials, as there were – in total – seven inquiries and three court trials carried out in Poland and in the Federal Republic of Germany. The first inquiry was conducted as early as in the years 1945–1947, and the last trial of the former commander of the camp – in the years 2001–2006. In the case of the other three camps, inquiries were instigated in Poland after the transformations of the socio-political system of 1989. They lasted, with shorter or longer intervals, until 2011, that is for over 20 years. All of them have been discontinued, in contrast to those run in the FRG, where two of the inquiries and trials ended in two prison sentences for former the so-called German camp functionaries. The discontinuation of the trials in Poland resulted, in many cases, in lodging complaints by the wronged, which started a complicated appellate procedure and – in turn – considerably prolonged the prosecutor’s procedure. In the end, the author forms precise conclusions that follow from the inquiries and trials presented in the paper, poses certain questions and postulates the need of further studies into this problem area.

Betwixt and Between: The Letter of James and the Human Condition

86%

Green J. B.

tom 12

nr 2

295-308

James’s letter does not concern itself with the nature of humanity in the abstract. His message regarding the trials of Jewish messianists distributed outside the land of the Jews leads him rather to explore the perplexing paradox of the human predicament-called to faithful life patterns, to love of God and neighbor, on the one hand, overwhelmed by craving and sin, on the other hand. This undergirds a profound analysis of the human condition as well as its remedy in God’s true word.

Obraz czarownicy w najnowszej polskiej historiografii procesów o czary w czasach wczesnonowożytnych

58%

Manyś B.

2020

nr 107

59-77

In the paper the author intended to characterize the image of the witch-woman, as it is shown by the Polish historiography of the witch trials during the early modern period, in the light of the current studies, focusing on the female one. In this context, a number of questions present themselves and one of the purposes of this article is to find answers to the following questions, i.e.: on which factors research focus, while characterizing women accused of the witchcraft; was accusing of the doing evil and cooperation with the devil connected with the particular variables (sex, biological feature of a woman), or was it rather an outcome of the belonging to the particular social group, or maybe even a result of the economic situation in those days. In this article there is also raised a question: how much the recent findings overthrow the stereotype of the witch, which is consolidated in the folk memory of the citizens of Poland. The concepts presented in the following paper are intended to be the starting point of the discussion about the said problem. According to that, this article is not the review of the research focused on magic, witchcraft or witch trials, nor the summary of the Catholic Church attitude, which was widely discussed in the past research papers.

W artykule podjęto próbę charakterystyki obrazu kobiety-czarownicy, jaki wyłania się w polskiej historiografii procesów o czary toczących się w dobie wczesnonowożytnej w świetle prowadzonych badań nad niewiastą. W tym kontekście nasuwa się szereg pytań, na które próbowano udzielić odpowiedzi w artykule, m.in.: na jakie czynniki zwracają uwagę badacze charakteryzujący kobiety oskarżone o czary, czy posądzenie o czynienie zła i spółkowanie z diabłem uzależnione było od konkretnych czynników (płci, funkcji biologicznych kobiety), czy raczej wynikało z przynależności do konkretnej grupy społecznej, bądź też warunkowane było sytuacją gospodarczą, w jakiej przyszło żyć oskarżonym. Postawiono również pytanie, na ile dotychczasowe ustalenia obalają stereotyp czarownicy utrwalony w zbiorowej pamięci mieszkańców Rzeczypospolitej. Prezentowane rozważania stanowią punkt wyjścia do dalszej dyskusji w zakresie analizowanego problemu. Nie stanowi on zatem przeglądu czy też rewizji badań nad magią, czarami i procesami, a także stanowiska Kościoła katolickiego, które szeroko zostało omówione w dotychczasowych pracach.