Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Charakter przyszłych operacji wojskowych

100%

Fryc M.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2006

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tom nr 1(62)

50-64

EN

The considerations in this article deal with the probable character of future military operations, in particular, finding the set of characteristics and features that military operations may include in the nearest decade or longer. The conducted analysis of global development tendencies in the technological, institutional and values’ dimensions allowed receiving a list of features describing a probable character of military operations. It has been stated that assuming quite a high level of generalization, these operations will be: more and more complex; immediate; multi-dimensional and multi-environmental; rather asymmetric than symmetric; conducted in an uncertain, unclear and turbulent environment; rather peripheral; carried out with a greater social participation and responsibility; multicultural; maintaining accepted values and principles; more engaging supranational and non national subjects; of prevention and intervention character; digitalized; based on information and knowledge; non-mass; dynamic, quick and precise; lacking permanent and unified organizational structures; based on network as a basic form of cooperation; with a greater psychological than physical influence; aiming at “dismantling ” the enemy rather at its physical annihilation; the forces and troops engaged in operations are integrated, joined, mobile, maneuverable, flexible, constructed of modules that can adopt fast to the changeable environment conditions; commonly taking advantage of advanced technology: “smart” and “invisible ” tools and systems of fighting, robotics and nanotechnology; requiring true leadership from the commanders.

PL

Prognozowany charakter przyszłych operacji wojskowych prawdopodobnie będzie: coraz bardziej złożony; doraźny; wielowymiarowy i wielośrodowiskowy; raczej asymetryczny niż symetryczny; prowadzony w niepewnym, niejasnym i turbulentnym środowisku; raczej peryferyjny; realizowany przy większym udziale i odpowiedzialności społecznej; wielokulturowy; utrzymany w duchu dotychczasowych wartości i zasad; w większym stopniu angażujący podmioty ponadnarodowe i niepaństwowe; o prewencyjnymi i interwencyjnym charakterze działań; zdigitalizowany; oparty na informacji i wiedzy; odmasowiony; dynamiczny, z szybkim tempem i precyzją w działaniach; pozbawiony stałych i jednolitych struktur organizacyjnych; oparty na sieci jako podstawowej formie współpracy; o większym oddziaływaniu psychologicznym niż fizycznym; dążący do „zdemontowania” przeciwnika, a nie jego fizycznego unicestwienia; cechujący się siłami zintegrowanymi i połączonymi, ruchliwymi, mobilnymi, elastycznymi, zbudowanymi z modułów szybko adaptujących się do zmiennych warunków otoczenia; powszechnie wykorzystujący zaawansowaną technologię; „inteligentne” i „niewidzialne” narzędzia oraz systemy walki, robotykę oraz nanotechnologię; wymagający od liderów prawdziwego przywództwa.

2

Changes in the Prevalence of Excessive and Deficient Body Weight among Pomeranian Youth in the Years 1979, 1989, and 1999

100%

Łysak A. , Dobosz J. , Drabik J.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2009

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tom 1

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nr 2

126-133

EN

Background: The analysis presented in this paper aimed to identify trends in the prevalence of the two extremes of body fat disorders over a period of 20 years (1979-1999) and to form a comparative basis for further studies of physical development of the youth of the Pomerania region.Material/Methods: The study population consisted of 23,854 boys and girls aged 7 to 18 years attending schools in rural and urban areas in the Pomerania administrative region. An overweight and underweight population was identified based on the body mass index (BMI) according to WHO, CDC and the Mother and Child Institute recommendations. The following threshold values were adopted: BMI≤ 5th centile for underweight, BMI between 5th and 15th centile for slimness, between 85th and 95th centile for overweight, and BMI≥ 95th centile for obesity).Results: The highest percentage of boys with a BMI between the 85th and 95th centile was seen in 1999, with figures of 8.7% among younger boys and 7.9% among older boys. This represented respective increases of 3.2 and 2.2 percentage points over 1979 data. The proportion of overweight boys (7 - 18 years) increased from 5.6% in 1979 to 7.4% in 1989 and 8.4% in 1999. The differences between these percentages (among both younger and older boys) in the study period (1979-1999) were statistically significant. Comparing 1989 and 1999, statistically significant differences were only identified among younger boys, and between 1979 and 1989 differences were statistically significant among older boys and for the entire study population.Conclusions: The 20-year period was marked by increasing prevalence of overweight among the boys and girls. Awareness of the consequences of developmental dysharmonies in the form of over- and underweight demands that these trends be further monitored.

3

University Sports: Major Development and New Perspectives

100%

Weiss O.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2010

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tom 48

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nr 1

66-70

EN

New technologies, scientific findings and new or refined kinds of sport as well as national and international contests determine the image of university sports. There is no doubt that university sports are a growing area and will play an important role in the future. Their significance will increase in particular with the increase of knowledge about the positive effects of sports.Looking at social development as a whole and in its parts makes it possible to identify university sports in their present state, their dynamics and development within a context. By way of example major trends and prospects of university sports in contemporary societies will be discussed. In addition some data from empirical studies will be presented in order to underline the argumentation.

4

University Sports: Major Development and New Perspectives

100%

Weiss O.

|

EN

New technologies, scientific findings and new or refined kinds of sport as well as national and international contests determine the image of university sports. There is no doubt that university sports are a growing area and will play an important role in the future. Their significance will increase in particular with the increase of knowledge about the positive effects of sports.Looking at social development as a whole and in its parts makes it possible to identify university sports in their present state, their dynamics and development within a context. By way of example major trends and prospects of university sports in contemporary societies will be discussed. In addition some data from empirical studies will be presented in order to underline the argumentation.

5

The analysis of the level and trends of potential years of life lost due to diabetes in Poland in the years 2002-2013

100%

Papaj D. , Papaj E. , Beck M.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2019

|

tom 1

51-59

EN

Introduction: The industrial and socio-economic development is the direct cause of changes in major health threats in highly developed societies. Diabetes is a civilization disease and it depends on the impaired action of insulin. Together with its complications, it is a significant cause of deaths all over the world. Purpose: To assess the level and trends of potential years of life lost (PYLL) due to diabetes in Poland in the years 2002-2013. For specific purposes, it is necessary to assess the PYLL level and the dynamics of PYLL rates due to diabetes and comparison with all causes of death. Materials and Methods: The research material consists of data from generally available databases from the Polish Statistical Office. Potentially lost years of life were calculated using the method proposed by J-M Romeder. Premature deaths have been defined as deaths occurring before the age of 70. Trends in PYLL coefficients were generated by the computer program Joinpoint Regression Programme. Results: The results of the conducted analysis unambiguously indicate the increase in the PYLL ratio due to diabetes was observed in both the general population and the male population. The higher rate of PYLL growth and its much higher level in the male population, compared to the female population, point out to the fact that men die much younger because of diabetes. The dynamics of the PYLL coefficient trends connected with all causes of death indicate the reduction of premature mortality.

6

TRENDS OF PENSION SYSTEMS IN EUROPE

100%

Czepulis-Rutkowska Z.

Polityka Społeczna

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2016

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tom 43

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nr 1 (12) OLD-AGE PENSION SYSTEMS OUTSIDE EUROPE

2–3

EN

A debate on pension systems and reforms is going on in European countries for recent decades. The important factors affecting the operation of pension systems include: population aging, changes in structure of the economy, labour market activity of women and increase in globalization. The main challenges for pension systems reform are: securing the adequacy of the benefits and the financial sustainability of pension systems. The article is presenting the main trends in reforming pension systems in selected countries, Poland among them.

7

Empirical Model for Estimating the Ecological Footprint in Ecuador Based on Demographic, Economic and Environmental Indicators

100%

Ilbay M. , Ruiz J. , Cueva E. , Ortiz V. , Morales D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

|

tom Vol. 22, nr 5

59--67

EN

In this study, the existence of long-term trends in ecological footprint (EF), biocapacity, GDP, population and CO2 emissions for the period of 1961–2016, and their effect on the demographic, economic and biocapacity indicators on Ecuador’s EF were identified. The long-term trend analysis was performed by means of a Mann-Kendall, nonparametric test. The development of a multiple linear regression model of the EF considers the population, GDP, biocapacity and its logarithmic transformations as returners. A backward removal method was used, in conjunction with the Akaike criterion (AIC) to validate the most suitable model in terms of adjusted-R2, NSE, BIAS and RMSE, respectively. The results show significant changes (p<0.01) of the annual EF increase (0.015 hag), total population (216.375 inhabitants), GDP ($1.2 billion) and CO2 emissions (718.6 kt). However, the biocapacity has been declining (0.086 hag) at a faster rate than the ecological footprint. In other words, in a few years, the country will be facing ecological deficits. As for the empirical model of EF, it can be observed that for every increase of inhabitant’s units, the natural logarithm of biocapacity and GDP will increase EF by 1.68x10-7, 4.84 and 0.905 gha, respectively. Moreover, EF will be decreased by 0.6 gha each time the biocapacity increases by one gha unit. Finally, this robust and easy-to-interpret model allows accurate EF predictions that can be a tool to better forecast the environmental trends, allowing the development of sustainable projects in Ecuador.

8

A long-term trend and temporal fluctuations of the sea level at the Polish Baltic coast

100%

Wiśniewski B. , Wolski T. , Musielak S.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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tom Vol. 40, No.2

96-107

EN

The analysis of sea level record series along the Polish coast is presented. The main aim was to identify linear trends in the sea level changes at the coastal (Świnoujście, Kołobrzeg, Ustka, Łeba, Władysławowo, Hel, Gdynia, Gdańsk), lagoonal (Trzebież, Tokmicko) and riverine (Szczecin) gauge stations. The analysis showed individual coastal stations to differ in the rate of sea level changes. During 60 years of continuous observations (1947-2006), the differences varied from 1.0 (the western part of the coast) to 2.5 mm year-1 (the eastern part of the coast). The longest, more than 100-yr-long data series showed the sea level rise in Świnoujście and Kołobrzeg to be about 0.5 mm year-1; 1.57 mm year-1 being revealed in Gdańsk. Spectral analysis applied to the data showed numerous fluctuations and cyclicity in changes of the annual mean sea level at the Polish coast. A distinct, major 3-year cycle was revealed. In addition, three secondary cycles of 4.6, 6.7, and 8.6 years were present in the data, more or less clearly identifiable at individual stations.

9

Postsekularyzm – mikro- czy megatrend?

89%

Kaczmarek J.

Przegląd Religioznawczy

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2019

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nr 4/274

EN

In my article I would like to look at the phenomenon of post-secularism from the point of view of sociological research of social trends. I generally understand post-secularism as a return to religious values and religious thinking in various areas and levels of social life. I would therefore like to ask whether post-secularism can be said to be one of the contemporary trends, and if so, what would be its characteristics and whether it can be described as a micro- or megatrend. After all, both leading microtrend researcher Mark J. Penn considered as microtrends some examples of religious revival in the USA, but also a classic reflection on megatrends John Naisbitt claimed that one of the megatrends today is the growing interest in religion.

10

Неологизми със суфикс ‑[а]джиj(а) в бъл- гарския език

88%

Георгиева [Georgieva] Ц. T.

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tom 13

EN

Neologisms with suffix -[а]джий(а) in BulgarianThe article examines the Bulgarian neologisms with suffix -[а]джий(а) in the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The study is carried out on a material from two Bulgarian dictionaries of neologisms. The trend to nationalization is one of the leading trends in Bulgarian. Neologizmy z przyrostkiem -[а]джий(а) w języku bułgarskimAutorka bada bułgarskie neologizmy utworzone za pomocą przyrostka -[а]джий(а) pod koniec XX oraz na początku XXI wieku. Podstawę studium stanowi materiał z dwóch słowników neologizmów w języku bułgarskim. Tendencja do nacjonalizacji jest jedną z naczelnych tendencji w języku bułgarskim.

11

Gender Differences in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and BMI in the Liberec Region: the IPAQ Study in 2002-2009

88%

Dagmar S. , Erik S. , Karel F. , Aleš S.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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tom 28

123-131

EN

The occurrence of overweight, obesity and physical activity (PA) belongs to major factors influencing health. However, information on the longitudinal development of PA in Europe has been, up until now, insufficient. The aim of the study was to describe the changes in PA, sedentary behavior and BMI in the inhabitants of the Liberec region during the surveybetween 2002 - 2009. The data were obtained in 2002-2004 using the short version of the IPAQ questionnaire, in 2005-2009 using the long version of the IPAQ. The sample of participants comprised 957 males and 1066 females aged 25-60 years. A significant decrease in sitting accounting for minutes on working days has been recorded both in men and women. A significant increase of PA both in men and women was reported, however the interpretation of the increase needs to be done cautiously due to the application of the short and long version of the IPAQ. Regarding PA intensity, men show more PA in total than women, which can be explained mainly by the differences in vigorous PA. Women show significantly lower values of BMI in all years in which surveys were conducted than men (p<0.001). Based on self-reported data, we have recorded an increase in the number of overweight and obese people. Time spent sitting on working days has had a tendency to decrease, yet a negative trend in the decrease in self-reported total PA has not been confirmed. Despite the fact that there has been an increase in self-reported PA, no decrease in BMI was registered.

12

Changes in Atlantic Water characteristics in the south-eastern Mediterranean Sea as a result of natural and anthropogenic activities

88%

Said M. A. , Gerges M. A. , Maiyza I. A. , Hussein M. A. , Radwan A. A.

Oceanologia

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2011

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tom No. 53 (1)

81-95

EN

The paper investigates the changes in the characteristics of Atlantic Water (AW) flowing eastwards along the Egyptian coast in the south-eastern Mediterranean during the period 1959-2008. Vertically, only one water mass could be observed in winter in the upper 200 m layer, whereas in summer, there were three distinct water masses. The subsurface water mass, of Atlantic origin, occupying the 50-150 m layer and characterized by low salinities from < 38.60 to 38.80 PSU, moves throughout the study area from west to east and spreads over a range of density between 27.5 and 28.5 σt. Temperature and salinity have indicated increasing trends for both temperature and salinity during the last 25 years (1983-2008), reaching 0.85°C decade-1 and 0.073 PSU dec-1, respectively, for the Mediterranean surface waters. For the Atlantic water, the trends were 0.28°C dec-1 for temperature and 0.014 PSU dec-1 for salinity.

13

Súčasné trendy vo vzdelávaní manažérov vo svete a na Slovensku

88%

Hudáková M.

Acta Scientifica Academiae Ostroviensis. Sectio A, Nauki Humanistyczne, Społeczne i Techniczne

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2012

|

nr 1

193-200

SK

To čo dnes odlišuje víťazov od porazených sú vlastne informácie a znalosti. Z tohto dôvodu je manažérske vzdelávanie pre udržanie konkurencieschopnosti podniku veľmi dôležité. Efektívne výsledky a potrebná zmena vždy závisia od kvalitnej analýzy vzdelávacích potrieb a od zvolenia vhodných foriem i metód vzdelávania. Dôležité je, aby organizácie vedeli predvídať smer vývoja svojej oblasti podnikania a cielene na to pripravili svojich zamestnancov a nielen odpovedali na objavujúce sa potrebné zručnosti. Nie každá organizácia si to vie definovať. V ponuke je niekoľko vzdelávacích inštitúcii, ktoré organizáciám môžu pomôcť. Organizácia však musí mať jasne zadefinované, čo chce dosiahnuť. Pri výbere kvalitnej vzdelávacej inštitúcii treba prihliadať nielen na atraktívnosť ponuky, ale aj na serióznosť a kvalitu lektorov, na skúsenosti z tréningov. Pokiaľ má vzdelávanie získať postavenie v organizácii, ktoré mu patrí, musí byť vnímané ako dôležité a potrebné pre organizáciu, musí zabezpečiť naplnenie ich skutočných potrieb. Takýmto potrebám môže byť rozvoj, ktorý prinesie preukázateľnú pozitívnu zmenu doterajšie praxe, motivácie ľudí sa rozvíjať, zefektívniť procesy, zvýšiť produktivitu, motiváciou podporovať ostaný rozvoj, návratnosť investícii, stabilita kľúčových pracovníkov a mnoho ďalších.

EN

At present investing in human potential is considered to be the most important step for enterprise competitiveness sustainment. Therefore the top managers should consider the importance of education and its effectiveness for the enterprise. The goal of the paper is to point out to the educational methods of employees in organizations, actual trends and methods of managers' education in the world and in Slovakia. The organization changes approaching to manager’s education in fact how the real economic situation provides the innovated practices and procedures. The education change applies in the education institute and in an enterprise education itself. Presently not even in the world also in Slovakia we prioritize the methods where we can perform the natural ability and birth given ability of each member of the course. It’s very important thinking of the correct education way, furthermore, choosing the right education enterprise. The most common education way in Slovakia is taking education classes out of business place(on the job training), less common is taking „inside education program“ and finally visiting outsource training education classes. In majority the formal education and conference education are still very popular but they usage it’s very occasional. Different between winners and defeaters are in information worship and knowledge owned. Consequently, in this way the manager’s education is very important to keep the competitiveness sustainment in high level. Sufficient results and required changes depend on qualitative analysis the education needs and from suitable forms and methods of education. It’s very important if enterprise have prediction attitude in corporate business way and being able to prepare their employees.

14

Breast cancer incidence and mortality in Lower Silesia (Poland) between 1984 and 2003 - trends and perspectives

88%

Bębenek M. , Pudełko M. , Błaszczyk J.

Open Medicine

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2007

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tom 2

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nr 2

208-215

EN

The purpose of the study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of breast cancers diagnosed among Lower Silesian women between 1984 and 2003. Data from the Lower Silesian Cancer Registry on the incidence and mortality of breast neoplasms in the Lower Silesian province were analyzed. The annual number of breast cancers and cancer-related deaths increased markedly between 1984 and 2003. The non-standardized coefficients of incidence in the large cities of Wroclaw, Legnica, and Walbrzych were markedly higher than in the other counties of the province. The number of tumors detected with diameters ≤5 cm increased from 57% in 1984 to 81% in 2003. The increasing incidence of breast cancer seemed to be mostly related to the socioeconomic characteristics of Lower Silesian women. Although a down-staging due to better care reflects some positive trends, the outlook for breast cancer in Lower Silesia remains unfavorable.

15

Analysis of Key Topics in the Research on Nonprofit Organizations: From Efficiency to Hybrids

88%

Vladimír H.

|

2013

|

tom 2

47-58

EN

Research in the nonprofit sector is a relatively young discipline. Nonetheless, a number of research schools of thought and movements have formed over several decades, several outstanding research institutions have come into existence, and many books, articles and studies dealing with the nonprofit sector have been written. The first social science to try and understand the nonprofit phenomenon through its research methods was economics. This article analyses the causes of the interest that economists started paying to the nonpro t sector and the nonprofit form of companies. It examines how the areas of interest of the research have been changing, trying to identify causes of such changes. It demonstrates that, since its very beginning, this research has been very strongly influenced by actions taken by interest groups and has been significantly interconnected with the public policy towards the nonprofit sector. Its primary objective is to demonstrate significant shifts in the research emphases and to articulate the author's view of the tendencies in the development of the area studied.

16

Nitrogen relationships in Polish cropping systems

88%

Faber A. , Jarosz Z. , Jędrejek A. , Kopiński J.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

|

tom no. 56

27--36

EN

Based on FAO data, the paper presents trends in nitrogen (N) input and output in Poland. As N input (Ninp), nitrogen from mineral fertilisers, manure application, biological fixation, and deposition was included. The N outputs (Nout) include the N contained in crop harvest (main products and by-products). The trend analyses were carried out for the period before (1961-1989) and after (1990-2018) the changes in the political and economic systems. Additionally, trends in the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen surpluses (NS) are presented for these periods. In both compared periods, the mean values of N budget indicators in Poland were (kg N∙ha-1 UAA): Ninp 120 and 125, Nout 61 and 84, NS 60 and 41 and NUE 53 and 67%, respectively. The estimated Ymax, which represents the Nout value reached at saturating N fertilisation, reached the values of 127 and 263 kg N∙ha-1 UAA in these periods. The difference in these values suggests a significant impact of agronomy improvement on Nout in the recent period. The trends of nitrogen within 16 regions in period 2002-2019, based on national data, resulted in a significant variation in N indicators. The values found were in the following ranges (kg N∙ha-1 UAA): Ninp 78-167; Nout 62-99; NS 15-83 and Ymax 139-317. The NUE ranged from 50-81%. The obtained results indicate that in Poland and its regions there is still a need to improve of the nitrogen efficiency.

17

Selected Impulses, Challenges and Expectations to the Future in the Automotive Industry

88%

Andrea L. , Dušan S.

|

2013

|

tom 1

70-81

EN

This paper deals about the mapping of possibilities to future development of the worldwide automotive industry. It is focused on the analysis of different factors that represent main trends of progress and opportunities in transformation processes on a global scale. The article presented focuses on characterization of the selected trends in automotive business that supports growth for near future. The subject of the article covers the tendencies and impulses to the development of the automotive sector. The next part of this paper describes main expectations in the eld of individual mobility and e-mobility. At the closing part of the paper is formulated the reflection that some trends considered as challenges may pose threats in terms of turbulent changes in the global automotive business. These risks, e.g. law, regulation, volatility in markets, competitors, etc., will do the most to in uence automotive markets and drive corporate performance in near future.

18

Variability of temperature and salinity over the last decade in selected regions of the southern Baltic Sea

88%

Rak D. , Wieczorek P.

Oceanologia

|

2012

|

tom No. 54 (3)

339-354

EN

Changes in the basic physical properties of selected areas of the Baltic Proper were analysed on the basis of the results of a 12-year series of high-resolution measurements collected during cruises of r/v "Oceania". The high-resolution CTD sections covered three main basins: the Bornholm Basin, Słupsk Furrow and Gdańsk Basin. Positive temperature trends of 0.11 and 0.16C year-1 were observed in the surface and deep layers respectively. The salinity trend was also positive. The rise in the air temperature has probably caused the increase in surface water temperature, while advection has been of greater significance in the deep layer. The increase in salinity coincides with the more frequent occurrence of small and medium-size inflows through the Danish Straits, even though large inflows are evidently less frequent than used to be the case. The seasonal variability of temperature in the water column was analysed. The phase shift in the seasonal evolution with depth is described. The maximum temperature shift in the waters investigated varies from 32 to 38 days.

19

Employment and economic entities in the Polish financial sector from 2005-2016

88%

Grzywińska-Rąpca M. , Markowski L.

|

nr vol. 22 no. 1

79-93

EN

The article analyzes employment in the financial sector and entities conducting financial, insurance or other activities. The aim of this study is to examine employment in the financial sector at the level of provinces and registered entities of this sector using multidimensional methods of statistical analysis. The results of the classification indicate the geographical division of the country in terms of the number of financial and insurance companies. However, the high slope of the directional coefficient means a very strong, growing tendency for the Mazowieckie voivodship, characterized by a much slower trend for the Dolnośląskie, Pomorskie and Śląskie voivodships. In fact, for most of the provinces, trends indicate a statistically significant, negative development trend for the analyzed phenomenon from 2005-2016.

20

Nowoczesne trendy utylizacji odpadów

88%

Ambroziewicz K.

Ekologia i Technika

|

1998

|

tom R. 6, nr 6

180-183

EN

Until now, the most often appleid method of getting rid of municipal has been waste disposal by dumping. However, it should be taken into consideration that the dumping sites will be overfilled and construction of the ones meets more and more social constraints. New trends in waste management are interlinked with the waste energy rocovery. The new technologies consisting in decay of the biological mass contained in the wastes are developed and they are not based on the direct waste burning but they are commonly known composting methods as well as new biotechnical methods.