Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Annual rings characteristic of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood from seedling seed orchard

100%

Mederski P. , Bembenek M. , Karaszewski Z. , Giefing D. F. , Tomczak A. , Wegiel A.

|

2013

|

tom 83

2

Changes in increment of trees diameters on plant-soil treatment system after long-term irrigation with domestic sewage

100%

Pawęska K. , Kuczewski K.

|

2016

|

tom Vol. 42, no. 4

96--103

EN

Carbon dioxide sequestration and its long-term immobilisation in biomass is recently an extremely significant problem. Its greatest reserves occur in forests growing all over the globe. A human being, through their conscious action, ought to affect, among other things, the amount of carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere and its rational management. Here, quite a good solution seems to be the immobilisation of CO2 in biomass of plants, and in particular, in trees, characterised by their longevity, which are used most frequently for that purpose. Such carbon dioxide management allows for its several-decade immobilisation within living plants, while a further processing of wood mass allows for halting it for consecutive years in products manufactured. Additionally, in the case when within a selected land planted with trees the effluent irrigation is being carried out, simultaneous sewage treatment is also an advantage. By using plants characterised by intense increment in biomass within facilities, also biogens occurring in effluents may be effectively removed. In the analysed case, sewage treatment consisted in entry of household sewage into a prepared surface which was previously subject to mechanical purification. All the sections were sown with grass mixture and plantings of poplar were used. Observations were made during the period of 17 years. The effluents entered onto the surface of the sections and the effluents outflowing from the facility were subject to a physicochemical analysis in order to determine the operational efficiency of a plant - soil treatment system. Also, a threefold inventory of a forest stand was made in order to determine the increment in trees. The last inventory was made in 2014. Based on dendrological characteristics, the average volume of wood mass obtained from the land irrigated with effluents was assessed. A rational management of effluents on the grounds without any central drainage allows for a parallel solution to some problems. First of all, purification of effluents in a natural environment by closing the matter cycle, and additionally contributing to the limitation of carbon dioxide emission by its halting in plant biomass.

PL

Sekwestracja dwutlenku węgla, jego długotrwałe unieruchomienie w biomasie jest ostatnio problemem niezwykle istotnym. Największe jego rezerwy znajdują się w lasach porastających kule ziemską. Człowiek poprzez swoje świadome działanie powinien wpływać między innymi na ilość dwutlenku węgla odprowadzanego do atmosfery oraz na racjonalne gospodarowanie nim. Dość dobrym rozwiązaniem zdaje się tu być unieruchomienie CO2 w biomasie roślin, a w szczególności w charakteryzujących się długowiecznością drzewach, które wykorzystywane są w tym celu najczęściej. Taka gospodarka dwutlenkiem węgla pozwala na kilkudziesięcioletnie unieruchomienie go w żywych roślinach, natomiast dalsza przeróbka masy drzewnej na zatrzymanie go przez kolejne lata w wytworzonych produktach. Dodatkowo w przypadku kiedy na wybranym, obsadzonym drzewami terenie prowadzi się nawodnienia ściekami, korzyścią jest również równoczesne oczyszczanie ścieków. Przy wykorzystaniu na obiektach roślin charakteryzujących się intensywnym przyrostem biomasy można również efektywnie usunąć biogeny znajdujące się w ściekach. W analizowanym przypadku oczyszczanie ścieków polegało na wprowadzeniu na przygotowaną powierzchnię ścieków bytowych, poddanych wcześniej mechanicznemu oczyszczeniu. Wszystkie kwatery obsiano mieszanką traw oraz zastosowano nasadzenia topolowe. Obserwacje prowadzono przez okres 17. lat. Analizie fizykochemicznej poddawano ścieki wprowadzane na powierzchnię kwater oraz odpływające z obiektu celem określenia skuteczności pracy oczyszczalni roślinno-glebowej. Przeprowadzono również trzykrotną inwentaryzację drzewostanu w celu określenia przyrostu drzew. Ostatnią inwentaryzację wykonano w roku 2014. Na podstawie charakterystyki dendrologicznej oszacowano średnią miąższość masy drzewnej uzyskanej z terenu nawadnianego ściekami. Racjonalna gospodarka ściekami na terenach bez centralnej kanalizacji pozwala na równoległe rozwiązanie kilku problemów. Przede wszystkim oczyszczanie ścieków w środowisku naturalnym poprzez zamykanie obiegu materii, a dodatkowo przyczynianie się do ograniczenia emisji dwutlenku węgla poprzez zatrzymywanie go w biomasie roślin.

3

Ocena zywotnosci drzewostanow jodlowych w oparciu o cechy biomorfologiczne koron i przyrost promienia piersnicy

100%

Jaworski A. , Karczmarski J. , Pach M. , Skrzyszewski J. , Szar J.

|

tom 33

115-131

PL

W pracy wykazano, że po prawie 20-letnim okresie zmniejszenia się przyrostu bieżącego promienia na pierśnicy, w lalach 198 L 90 nastąpił wzrost jego wartości (regeneracja przyrostu) zasadniczo na przeważającej części objętego badaniami obszaru. Żywotne drzewostany, zapewniające normalny przyrost zbliżony do tablicowego, występują jeszcze głównie w południowo-wschodniej części kraju (od Beskidu Sądeckiego po Bieszczady) oraz częściowo w Górach Świętokrzyskich i na Roztoczu.

EN

The aim of studies carried out in fir stands (Table 1) in 1992-1993 was lo determine the pattern of changes in the width of annual rings of firs in 1941-1980 and 1980-1990 (figs 1-9) and to estimate changes of their biumorpholugical trails occurring in the period 1983(85)-1992(93). On each of 23 study areas 15 firs, chiefly representing the second Kraft's class were selected and twice drilled with a Pressler increment borer. The tree height, diameter at breast height, and the crown length were measured and the trees were classified with respect to the type of the top, degree of crown distortion, and vitality. Mean values of 10-year current increments of the radius from two drillings were used in calculating growth indices (formulae 1-5) [5, 6] for each drilled tree, the indices describing the given stand being computed on this basis. Empirical values of increment indices were compared with theoretical (tabular) indices which were regarded as minimum values characterizing the normal condition of stand vitality. The following values were taken into consideration: Index II ≥ 0.70, indices I, IV, and V ≥ 0.79, the critical value of index VII being 0.73 for younger and 0.66 for older stands. In stands of age classes III and IV analysis of 10-year averages of (he current increment in radius showed that after its very distinct decrease in most study areas investigated in 1961-1970 and 1971-1981, an increase in the increment value was recorded in a half of these plots during the decade 1981-1990. Analogical analysis carried out in stands of older age classes also showed a changed tendency in the years 1981-1990 as expressed by an increased 10-year current increment in 12 out of 15 stands (Table 2). Analysis of vitality indices showed that this trait of the investigated stands did not change in most study plots. The poorest vitality characterized the stands in Sudeten Mts (Bystrzyca Kłodzka and Międzylesie), Żywiec Beskid Mts (Jeleśnia), Silesian Beskid Mts (Ustroń), Świętokrzyskie Mts (Zagnańsk III), and Andrychów. Of the investigated forests the most vital stands estimated on the basis of their morphological traits, were found in the Carpathian Plateau (Brzozów I, Krasiczyn), Bieszczady Mts (Baligród I and M), in Roztocze region (Roztocze National Park and Zwierzyniec), and also in Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Olkusz) (Table 3). Analysis of increment indices (II and Vit) and fir vitality as a result of biomorphological tree traits shows that stands with relatively high increase of increment are situated in southeastern part of Poland (Bieszczady Mts, Beskid Niski Mts, Beskid Sądecki Mts and Carpathian Plateau) and central and eastern part of Małopolska Region (partially Świętokrzyskie Mts and Roztocze).

4

Comparison of dendrometric features of Scots pine trees and wood density from one of genetic origin obtained from the provenance surface in Forest Research Institute in Rogów

100%

Zaton P. , Bedkowski M. , Buraczyk W. , Kozakiewicz P. , Koczan G.

|

tom 105

5

Dynamika wzrostu modrzewia europejskiego (Larix decidua MILL.) w rzędowym zadrzewieniu śródpolnym na glebach lessowych

88%

Wegorek T.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

|

2008

|

tom 526

PL

Oceniano dynamikę rocznych przyrostów oraz wzrostu wysokości i pierśnicy drzewek modrzewia europejskiego tworzących 10-letnie, rzędowe zadrzewienie śródpolne na glebach lessowych. Stwierdzono wyrównaną dynamikę wzrostu obu badanych parametrów zadrzewienia. Szybki wzrost wysokości (średnio rocznie 72 cm ) oraz pierśnicy (średnio rocznie 1,6 cm), a także wyrównane zwarcie i pułap koron predysponują modrzew europejski do zakładania przeciwwietrznych barier w krajobrazie rolniczym.

EN

The dynamics of annual growth as well as overall height and breast height increase of European larch that forms 10 year mid-field row shelterbelt on loess soils was evaluated. Very uniform growth dynamics of both studied parameters of the shelterbelt was found. Quick increase of height growth (72 cm annually, on average) and breast height (1.6 cm annually, on average) as well as uniform density and tree-crown canopy make the European larch suitable for building windshield barriers in agricultural landscape.

6

Zmiany wybranych cech drzewostanu bukowego na powierzchniach doświadczalnych w Leśnym Zakładzie Doświadczalnym w Krynicy w latach 1998-2012

88%

Nosal P. , Malek S.

|

tom 52

7

Wstepna dendrometryczna charakterystyka wybranych cech sosny zwyczajnej na proweniencyjnej powierzchni doswiadczalnej w Polanach k. Grybowa

88%

Orzel S. , Sabor J.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Silvestris

|

1994

|

tom 32

37-44

PL

W pracy stwierdzono istotny wpływ pochodzenia sosny na wysokość drzew oraz grubość odkładanej kory. Badania nie wykazały natomiast istotnego wpływu pochodzenia na wielkość pierśnicy i miąższość strzał bez kory w badanej populacji sosen.

EN

The purpose of this study was to present the biometric description od 16 native proveniences of 28-year-old Pinus silvestris growing in the V-th block of the provenience experiment area in Polany near Grybów. Such dendrometrie characters of trees as d.b.h. (d), height (A), bark thickness at the height of 1.3 m (k), and volume of stems without bark (v) were taken into account. It was concluded that the variability of characters under investigations did not differ basically from that reported in literature for forest stands of similar age (tub 1). The provenience was significantly important in case to height and bark thickness (tab. 2, fig, 1 and 2), and on the other hand had no effect on d.b.h. and volume of stems without bark. The pine originating from Gubin was characterized by lowest values of all characters studied, while the highest values were reached by the following proveniences: Karsko, Dłużek, Rozpuda and Lipowa (tab. 1, fig. 1). The existence of significant interproveniencial differences in pine bark thickness may play an important diagnostic role in the distinguishing the individual proveniences. The determination of the variability of this character may be of significant importance in the silvicultural appraisal оf Scotch pine populations in the mountain areas.

8

Pomiary i charakterystyka drzew scietych przez bobry w przybrzeznej strefie Pasleki

75%

Szczepanski W. , Janiszewski P.

|

1997

|

tom 47

139-145

9

Dalsze badania nad zmiennoscia z wiekiem wlasciwych liczb ksztaltu debu oraz zaleznoscia pomiedzy nimi a niektorymi cechami wymiarowymi drzew

75%

Turski M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

|

2005

|

tom 04

|

nr 2

123-133

10

Mozliwosci produkcyjne drzewostanu lipowego w rezerwacie 'Las Lipowy Obrozyska'

75%

Gralek K. , Jaworski A. , Kolodziej Z. , Majerczyk K.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Silvestris

|

2009

|

tom 47

3-26

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the productive potentiality (stand volume, basal area, and their increments) of the natural little leaf linden stand 26.68 ha in area. This stand is a part of the Obrożyska nature reserve of the total forest area of 98.25 ha. Measurements were carried out in 1995 and 2005 on 26 4-are sample plots established according to the statistical-mathematical system of forest inventory and control, and in 1999 and 2000 on three permanent sample plots which represented different developmental stages and phases of the virgin forest. Between 1990 and 2005, the mean volume of the entire stand increased from 538 to 567 m3/ha. In the growing up stage it increased from 554 to 584 m3/ha, while in the optimum stage from 510 to 541 m3/ha. The volume increment in these two stages was 66 and 51 m3/ha/10 years respectively. Volume of the stand representing the growing up stage in transition to the optimum stage (Obrożyska I classical permanent sample plot) increased during the 10-year period from 700 to 768 m3/ha, while in the stand representing the initial phase of the optimum stage (Obrożyska II) it increased from 797 to 861 m3/ha, and in the stand representing the growing up stage (Obrożyska III) from 696 to 761 m3/ha. The volume increment in these three plots was almost 80, 96, and 82 m3/ha/10 years respectively. The stand volume per hectare of the little leaf linden forest in the Obrożyska reserve is one of the highest among stands of natural character in the Polish part of the Carpathians. A very high productive potentiality of the investigated little leaf linden stand permits to accept this tree species as the main species in stands of the submontane zone as well as in the lower part of the lower montane zone in the Poprad river valley and in the climate close to that of the surroundings of the town of Muszyna.

11

Charakterystyka przyrostowa oraz ksztaltowanie sie zaleznosci pomiedzy wybranymi cechami drzew a przyrostem promienia na piersnicy swierka i modrzewia

75%

Skrzyszewski J.

|

tom 33

141-158

PL

W pracy oceniono tendencję przyrostową badanych drzewostanów. Określono wpływ wybranych cech morfologicznych korony, żywotności, jakości pnia oraz masy systemu korzeniowego na wielkość 10-letniego przyrostu pola powierzchni przekroju pierśnicowego świerka i modrzewia.

EN

Increment tendencies of the investigated spruce and larch stands were estimated in the work. The effect of selected morphological traits of the crown, vitality, trunk quality, and weight of the root system on increases in the radius at diameter breast high of spruce and larch was determined. In spruce stands 15 permenent sample plots were established and dependences occuring in these stands were analysed in older age class IV and higher ones and younger (age class III) objects. In larch stands 7 study areas were located. The obtained results show that in younger spruce stands the increment is charakterized by a decreasing tendency. Older spruce trees efficiently resist the tendency to increment decreases he I o w the tabular values.

12

Przyrost promienia piersnicy jodly [Abies alba Mill.], buka [Fagus sylvatica L.] i sosny [Pinus sylvestris L.] w Swietokrzyskim Parku Narodowym

75%

Podlaski R.

|

nr 2

71-79

13

Zmienność wybranych cech morfologicznej budowy drzew daglezji zielonej (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. viridis Franco) w Polsce

75%

Wasik R. , Michalec K.

|

tom 48

EN

This paper presents the results of investigation into the variability of selected features of morphological structure of Douglas fir trees in Poland. The research was carried out in 28 Douglas fir stands, which were at least 80 years old. The mean values of studied features amounted: diameter at breast height — 54.8 cm, height — 32.4 m, bark thickness — 3.9 cm, crown length — 13.6 m, relative crown length — 41.6% and crown width — 5.4 m. The significant variability of studied features was stated, especially large diversity bark thickness and crown width was revealed. Four regions were distinguished in Poland. These regions were characterized by some distinction of the studied features.

14

Budowa, dynamika, struktura i możliwości produkcyjne borów górnoreglowych na Pilsku

51%

Jaworski A. , Pach M.

|

tom 48

EN

The purpose of the paper is to report on the structure and the potential production of tree stands in the belt of dense forest in the locality of Pilsko, which were formed as a result of connecting natural processes with various methods of cuttings. In two stands single cutting harvesting was applied, corresponding to single tree selection cutting (Einzelplenterung in German). In the third stand there was cutting in the form of small gaps which corresponds to mountain selection cutting (Gebirgsplenterung in German). In the control period (1998-2008) the stand volume on two plots, Pilsko 1 and Pilsko 3 increased from 448 to 479 m3/ha and from 237 to 298 m3/ha respectively, however, in Pilsko 2 the stand volume decreased slightly from 401 to 397 m3/ha. The increase in the volume of the stand reached from almost 5 m3/ha in Pilsko 2 to approximately 8 m3/ha per year in the other plots. The stability of the stand is ensured mainly by the presence of trees in the thinnest classes in the lower and medium layer of the stand as well as the continuous process of regeneration. In this context the stand in which cuttings were taken in the past, characteristic of mountain selection, exhibited more beneficial features. All the researched stands exhibited great differences in the age of trees which enabled them to be classified as uneven-aged stands. The age at the breast height diameter of the oldest drilled spruce was 344 years and frequently the encountered specimens of this variety are of the age of 223 and 276 years. The uneven-aged structure of the stands, however, does not simultaneously ensure a complex and stable structure. In order to form, or to maintain, stable upper mountain spruces, which are under partial active protection (outside reservations with total protection) mountain selection cutting, or cutting by a method of group selection, should be recommended. These methods of cuttings ensure the variations within the structure of the stands, which minimises the risk of large-area disintegration.