Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Assessment of biological degradability of the waste produced by food industry

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Samešová D. , Poništ J. , Hybská H. , Veverková D.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2021

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tom Vol. 28, nr 3

339--354

EN

Organic waste from production processes is unutilised potential for the production of energy from renewable sources. The submitted paper studies the conditions of anaerobic degradation of selected waste from food industry (diary and distillery) when biogas is produced. Both types of organic waste have low pH values. Ash form municipal incineration as a material for the treatment of pH of waste was used. Except for the pH increase during anaerobic degradation, ash also serves as a source of macroelements for inoculum microorganisms. Kinetics of anaerobic biological digestion of organic material based on the change of pressure and biogas production depending on the ash addition (change of pH) of input samples was observed. Beside these tests, degradability of the waste was assessed by limiting biologically degradable ratio, BR and specific speed of degradability, q. pH values were adjusted with different amounts of ash (0.5; 1.8; 2.7 g/g of dry matter of organic material). Results of the research confirmed that the addition of optimum amount of ash has a positive effect on anaerobic degradation of organic materials.

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Pig manure digestion assays under anaerobic conditions in fluidized bed reactors

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Hidalgo D. , Alamo Del J. , Irusta R.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2008

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tom Vol. 34, spec.

91-103

EN

A study of the pig manure degradation and biofilm development under moderate psicrophilic conditions (20°C) was carried out on two pilot lab scale anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBR), where biolite and activated coal were used as supports, respectively. The soluble total organic carbon (TOC) reduction in the treated waste was 40% for both reactors, working with a high organic loading rate (OLR) of 10 kg TOCnr'd'. The percentage of organic carbon removal rose until 90% when the organic loading rate decreased up to 3 kg TOCm'd1 (treating in this case only manure proceeding from the piglet room). The study shows imperceptible contents in acetic, propionic and butyric acids in the treated manure, whereas fatty acids of longer chain are detected. Microbial population developed inside reactors seems unable to degrade these long chain acids as fast as short chain ones because the biofilm is thinly populated by acidogenic bacteria. On the contrary, it seems to be large acetogenic and methanogenic population that carries out short chain fatty acid degradation. Kinetic studies reveal the existence of a remaining organic fraction in the anaerobic pig waste degradation caused by inhibition of hydrolysis step. Scanning Electron Microscopy shows a wide variety of microcolonies of different trophic populations which are located in crevices and other regions sheltered from hydraulic shear forces.

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Methane production during laboratory-scale co-digestion of cattle slurry with 10 wt. % of various biowastes

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Rusín J. , Chamrádová K. , Obroučka K. , Kuča R.

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tom Vol. 14, nr 1

14-20

EN

The paper summarizes the results from twenty model tests of continuous one-stage mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry (90 wt. %) and various biowastes (10 wt. %). Digestion was conducted in 0.06 m3 reactors with hydraulic retention times ranging from 60 to 98 days during the research period 2007-2010. Methane production intensity and specific methane production are discussed. The highest methane production intensity (0.85 mN3.m-3.d-1) was from a mixture of 63 wt. % of total solids from biscuit meal EKPO - EB and from 37 wt. % of total solids from cattle slurry. The highest specific methane production from 1 kg of added organic compounds (0.67 mN3.kgVSp-1) was given by a mixture containing 61 wt. % of total solids using spring barley Aksamit (milled grain) and 39 wt. % of total solids from cattle slurry. The highest substrate-specific methane production (0.92 mN3.kgVSp-1) was from milled grains of winter rye Aventino.

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Potential of biogas production from animal manure in Poland

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Kozłowski K. , Dach J. , Lewicki A. , Malińska K. , do Carmo I. E. P. , Czekała W.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

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tom Vol. 45, no. 3

99--108

EN

The substrates to biogas production in anaerobic digestion, except plant materials, can also be animal feces and manure. It should be highlighted that Poland is one of leaders in the European Union in animal breeding. However, there is no precise data in the literature on the potential of biogas production from animal feces in this country. The aim of the paper was to analyze the biogas production potential from manure in Poland. The aim of work included anaerobic digestion research following materials: cow manure, pig manure, poultry manure and sheep manure. In the next step, based on the obtained results of the biogas yield, energy potential calculations were made. The methane yield for the investigated feedstock materials in the batch culture technology was performed following the internal procedures developed based on the adapted standards, i.e. DIN 38 414-S8 and VDI 4630. Animal wastes were obtained from the Agricultural Experimental Stations of Poznan University of Life Sciences (Poznan, Poland). On a base of achieved results it was concluded that tested substrates have a high energy potential (approx. 28.52 GWh of electricity). The largest potential for electricity production was found in chicken manure (about 13.86 GWh) and cow manure (about 12.35 GWh). It was also shown which regions of Poland have the best chance for development of agriculture biogas plants (Wielkopolskie and Mazowieckie voivodships) and where the potential is the least (Lubuskie and Opolskie voivodeships).

PL

Substratami do produkcji biogazu w procesie fermentacji beztlenowej, obok materiałów roślinnych, mogą być odchody zwierzęce. Należy podkreślić, że Polska jest jednym z liderów w Unii Europejskiej w zakresie hodowli zwierząt. Jednak, w aktualnej literaturze nie ma dokładnych danych na temat potencjału produkcji biogazu z odchodów zwierzęcych w tym kraju. Celem pracy była analiza potencjału produkcji biogazu z obornika w Polsce. Zakres prac obejmował przeprowadzenie badań fermentacji beztlenowej następujących materiałów: obornika bydlęcego, obornika trzody chlewnej, obornika drobiowego i obornika owczego. W kolejnym etapie, w oparciu o uzyskane wyniki wydajności biogazu, dokonano obliczeń potencjału energetycznego. Badania wydajności metanowej dla badanych materiałów wsadowych w technologii okresowej zostały przeprowadzone zgodnie z procedurami wewnętrznymi opracowanymi w oparciu o zaadaptowane normy, tj. DIN 38 414-S8 i VDI 4630. Materiały do badań pobrane zostały z Zakładów Doświadczalnych Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że badane podłoża mają duży potencjał energetyczny (około 28,52 GWh energii elektrycznej). Największy potencjał produkcji energii stwierdzono dla obornika kurzego (ok. 13,86 GWh) oraz bydlęcego (ok. 12,35 GWh). Wykazano również, które regiony Polski mają największe szanse na rozwój biogazowni rolniczych (województwo wielkopolskie i mazowieckie), a w których potencjał produkcji jest najmniejszy (województwo lubuskie i opolskie).