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EN
The research was carried out on 24 Californian breed rabbits, aged 12 weeks, weighing between 1.8 and 2.2 kg, from which the caecum content were taken and placed in fermentation in vitro. 0.15 ml of toltrazuril was added to the content in the vessels (the experimental group), which resulted in the final concentration of 25 ppm of toltrazuril in the vessel. In the analyses of gases obtained during fermentation it was determined that CO₂ had the most substantial percentage, above 70%, CH₄ had a smaller percentage of 15% of the gases produced in the caecum content, while hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide had the least considerable portion of it. During the fermentation the amount of the gases produced changed and the zenith of fermentation took place between the second and fourth hour of incubation. The addition of toltrazuril to the caecum content of a rabbit leads to an increase in the value of CO₂:CH₄ not observed in the control experiments. The addition of toltrazuril causes the increase in the hydrogen level which may result from changes in either the composition or activity of bacteria releasing H₂.
EN
Coccidiosis is one of the most common parasitic diseases affecting many species of domestic animals. This disease has a major economic significance and the search for new compounds having anticoccidial activity is of great importance. In this article, different levels of protection from coccidian infection by Eimeria stiedae were developed in rabbits by treatment with compounds incorporating the skeleton of thiourea. These compounds include 4,5-diphenylimidazole-2-thione (1), 4,5-Diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (2) and 5-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (3) compared to the anticoccidial drug toltrazuril as a reference compound. Compounds 1-3 inhibit coccidiosis-induced activity of α-glucosidase. The protection from coccidial infection by compound 1 was higher than that shown for compounds 2 and 3. These data suggest that diazole and triazole thione derivatives have a mimetic effect for anticoccidial drugs through their inhibition of glycosidases.
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tom 63
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nr 07
805-809
EN
This study was conducted to evaluate effectiveness and safety of oral administration of toltrazuril at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for two consecutive days. The present study was carried out in a goat flock, reared in Kirikkale province of Turkey. Faeces samples were collected from 26 goat kids (6,716 ± 1.11 weeks old) exhibiting the clinical sings of acute clinic coccidiosis including dysentery, tenesmus, inappetence, and weakness. The diseased kids were randomly allocated into two groups: group I (n = 16); toltrazuril treatment and group II (n = 10); no treatment. An additional group was included as a healthy control (group III; n = 10). Prior to toltrazuril treatment, the number of oocysts was 8350 ± 4009 and 6295 ± 1490 in groups I and II, respectively. Eimeria arloingi (67.8%), E. ninakohlyakimovae (21.7%), E. apsheronica (6.4%), E. alijevi (4.1%) were determined in faeces. After toltrazuril treatment in group I, the number of oocysts reduced significantly down to 0 to 250 oocysts per gram faeces (p < 0.001). In contrast, the number of oocysts in untreated group (group II) did not declined, but even increased slightly. At the end of the study, all goat kids treated with toltrazuril (group I) recovered from clinical signs of coccidiosis. At necropsy carried out on two kids, one died prior to the beginning of the study and the other one died from group II, typical nodular coccidia lesions were encountered in intestinal tract. In goat kids with coccidiosis, a mild hypochromic macrositer anaemia developed which was determined on the basis of normal RBC count, increased MCV, lower Hb and PCV near the lower limit of the reference value. In addition, monocytosis and lymphopenia are also associated with coccidiosis in goat kids. Based upon clinical findings and a significant decrease in the number of oocysts in faeces (p < 0.001), it is concluded that oral administration toltrazuril at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for two consecutive days provides an effective treatment for acute clinical coccidiosis in goat kids. As ALT, AST, BUN, and serum creatinine levels remain within the reference limits after the treatment; toltrazuril at the scheduled dose does not result in acute liver and kidney damage.
EN
Coccidiosis is a common disease in racing pigeons. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of toltrazuril in coccidiosis control in pigeons before and during the racing season. Bulk feces samples collected from 1140 birds were analyzed by the flotation method according to Fülleborn with the use of Darling’s solution. Eimeria spp. oocysts were counted in five fields of vision, and their diameter was an indicator of invasion intensity. Coccidiosis was controlled with toltrazuril (Baycox) applied twice at three-day intervals, at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, with drinking water. The severity of coccidial infection was determined one day prior to treatment, and the efficacy of toltrazuril was assessed 2, 4 and 6 weeks after treatment and 3 days after each race. Eimeria spp. were detected in all feces samples collected from 4 pigeon lofts. Two weeks after the first administration of toltrazuril, only single oocysts were present in feces samples, while no oocysts were found during the next examination. Coccidia appeared again in the excreta of racing pigeons (group 2) after the second and third race, whereas in pigeons that stayed in the loft (group 1) reinvasion was noted after the fourth race of group 2 birds. The results of the study indicate that Baycox administered twice was highly effective in controlling Eimeria spp. invasion over a period of more than ten weeks.
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