The spectrographic analysis of mineralized tobacco was carried out. A smoking simulator was constructed to generate smoke under standard conditions. The smoke of home-made cigarettes was absorbed in a previously tested absorbing system. The concentration of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Se, was determined in a mineralized absorbent, and the content of the said elements in tobacco smoke inhaled by smokers, was defined.
PL
Opracowano i wykonano urządzenie do samoczynnego spalania papierosów i pochłaniania dymu tytoniowego. W głównym strumieniu dymu 10 krajowych gatunków papierosów, pochłoniętym w układzie absorbującym, oznaczano zawartość następujących pierwiastków toksycznych: As, Sb, Cr, Cd, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb i Se.
Using AAS, the measurements of urine concentrations of lead, cadmium, and zinc, were carried out in workers of open-hearth steel and electrosteel plants. None of elements under investigation was an object of direct steelmaking process. Results of assays were compared with those obtained in subjects residing in the neighbourhood of steel works but being not at work in these plants. Average urine concentration of lead in open-hearth steel plant workers was 59.57 µg/dm3, and that determined in electrosteel plant workers was 56.87 µg/dm3. Both values were essentially greater than those determined in subjects residing in the neighbourhood of steel works (38.55 µg/dm3). Average urine concentration of cadmium in open-hearth steel plant workers, electrosteel plant workers, and subjects being not at work in steelmaking plants, was found to amount to 4.73 µg/dm3, 2.91 µg/dm3, and 1.48 µg/dm3, respectively. Average urine concentration of zinc in both groups of professionally exposed workers, was essentially lower than that determined in subjects being not at work (subjects exposed to environmental hazard).
PL
Oznaczano ołów, kadm i cynk u pracowników stalowni martenowskiej, elektrostalowni i grupie ludzi narażonych środowiskowo. W oparciu o oznaczenie stężeń tych metali w moczu podjęto próbę oceny narażenia zawodowego w porównaniu z narażeniem środowiskowym.
The effect of methylene chloride, chloroform, and carbon tertrachloride on the following aquatic organisms: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Lemna minor, Daphnia magna, and Lebistes reticulatus, was investigated. Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria were found to be most sensitive test organisms, and a toxic effect towards them was observed just at the concentration of 100 µg/l of each agent. Studies on degradation in distilled water, river-water, and aqueous ecosystem revealed moderate stability in aqueous medium of compounds under investigation. Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride were detecable in river-water still after 40 days in concentrations toxic to aqueous ecosystem. More rapid degradation of methane halogen derivatives in river-water than in distilled water indicated the presence of microorganisms living in water from natural source, and being accessory to the decomposition of these agents. Degradation in the presence of adapted microflora took, as a general rule, a slower cource. Decrease of temperature to 6°C inhibited considerably the degradation rate of the investigated contaminants. The reduction of methane halogen derivatives content during 21-day exposure in aqueous ecosystem came up to 73%. Moreover, these compounds were found not to have biocumulative properties, and not to be toxic - in concentrations up to 300 µg/l - to aqueous biocenosis homing the experimental ecosystem.
PL
Określono toksyczność chlorku metylenu, chloroformu, i czterochlorku węgla względem wybranych organizmów wodnych: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Lemna minor, Daphnia magna i Lebistes reticulatus. Przedstawiono dynamikę rozkładu w/w zanieczyszczeń w wodach o różnej jakości w zależności od rodzaju badanego związku, stężenia początkowego, temperatury, właściwości bioakumulacyjnych oraz stopnia adaptacji organizmów.
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