Optical methods from the near infrared range, in particular the laser-Doppler flowmetry and the near infrared spectroscopy offer a new non-invasive, real-time technique for monitoring of the blood perfusion and oxygenation in a living tissue. In spite of some instrumental problems, e.g., relative calibration and unknown sampling measurement depth, these methods have been already used in clinical studies. In this paper, the principle of the methods and instrumentation have been described. The advantages and limitations of these techniques are also discussed and new trends in technical development of the laser-Doppler flowmetry and the near infrared spectroscopy, especially contactless perfusion scanning and photons time of flight measurement, have been shown. Finally, selected clinical applications of all presented methods have been described.
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