W artykule opisano trzy najczęściej stosowane obecnie w Polsce metody dociepleń ścian zewnętrznych od strony wewnętrznej budynków. Dla każdej z metod scharakteryzowano innowacyjne materiały termoizolacyjne oraz sposoby ich produkcji, opisano sposoby wykonania/montażu dociepleń. W podsumowaniu wskazano zalety, a także wady poszczególnych metod, dokonano ich porównania i oceny, wskazano konsekwencje dociepleń ścian zewnętrznych od strony wewnętrznej budynku oraz podano zalecenia projektowe i wykonawcze.
EN
The article describes three methods of thermal insulation of external walls from the inside of buildings, most often used nowadays in Poland. For each of the methods, the authors have characterized the innovative thermal insulation materials ae well as the methods of their production, and the methods of assembling of the thermal insulation on buildings’ external walls. The summary indicates the advantages and disadvantages of the individual methods. The authors have made the comparison and evaluation of the methods as well as have indicated the consequences of thermal insulation of external walls from the inside of the building. In the conclusions the authors have given some design and implementation recommendations.
The article presents the results of measurements of selected thermal, moisture and mechanical properties of thermal insulating plaster, which is one of the alternatives to traditional methods of retrofitting the walls of buildings under conservation protection. An insulating plaster based on perlite was tested. Its thermal conductivity, vapor permeability and compression strength were determined. Images of the tested plaster under the microscope, at a magnification of 10-45x, were also taken. Through computer simulations, the possibility of improving the energy efficiency of an educational building by applying a layer of such plaster on external walls was determined. Changes in the heat loss structure were analyzed, and the obtained results were compared with the effectiveness of reducing heat loss through the walls using a traditional thermal insulation material. It turned out that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the tested plaster obtained by measurement was 0.0877 W/(m∙K), which confirmed the value declared by the manufacturer. Application of thermal insulating plaster with a thickness of 5 cm on the walls of the analyzed building, with other partitions of good thermal quality, reduced its energy demand by over 20%.
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