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EN
Periphery metropolitan natural resources are under threats of the rapid economic development. Threats are getting stronger and still emerge in the new forms as the consequence of the new direction and pecularity of such development. Periphery metropolitan areas meet environmental deterioration and contamination. Problem is difficult to solve because the mentropolitan development plans deny radical restriction of such pollution. To have real effect on protection of the environment it’s necessary to take comprehensive solution to the problem basing on economic stimuli counteracting the pollution.
2
Content available Male infertility and human environmental pollution
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PL
Introduction. Man is the only being that has created an artificial environment, or civilization. The development of civilization entails changes in the environment. The rapid growth of the impact of human economic activity has led to such changes that are able to threaten not only other living creatures but also themselves. Increasing environmental pollution are well-known factors negative influencing on human environment. Is now a global problem. Anthropogenic pollution contribute to the unfavorable demographic changes and grooving number of health problems of the population. Unfavourable demographic changes manifest themselves as not only increment in the number of deaths and malformations (defects in the reproductive organs), but also as decrement in the fertility rates being the consequence of increasing the growing problem of couples infertility. There is observed the increasing role of male factor in the couple infertility problem. In some developed countries its participation rate reaches 50%.Objective. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of environmental pollution on human development and reproductive function of male gonads.Material and methods. The study was carried out using the method of data analysis published in the works and scientific reports.Current state of knowledge. The paper presents information on identified environmental pollution with proven adverse effects on the development of the gonads and the their reproductive function. There are also known possible negative impacts of environmental pollution on carcinogenesis in male gonads.Wider awareness of the negative impact of environmental pollution and attempts put emphasis on primary prevention can give better long-term effects than increasing spending on the therapies of developmental disorders as well as gonadal dysfunctions symptoms including fertility problems.Conclusions.Among the environmental pollutants there are many chemicals adversely affecting the organogenesis as well as reproductive function of testicles.Many of these contaminants are pesticides or chemicals currently approved for use in agriculture and industry, including the food and cosmetics industry.Those chemicals, adversely affecting organogenesis and testicular generative function, are present in air, water and foods, packaged foods and everyday objects - including clothes (ingredients sponges), perfumes, creams and detergents.The increase in environmental pollution coincides with the deterioration of sperm quality and reduction in male infertility in highly civilized countries.Striving for continuous reduction of the environmental seems to be necessary to stop the growing problem of couples infertility.
EN
This article presents the environmental component as one of the extremely important components of national security, which is a state of natural objects protection, as well as the protection of human life and health from environmental threats, where all components of the natural environment are optimal for the normal functioning and development of human civilization. One of the important tasks of ensuring environmental safety is to guarantee a population's livelihood in a technogenically safe and ecologically clean world. This is why concern about the state of the environment grows every year, and the need to integrate environmental policy with security measures remains a priority for world leaders. In the leading states of the world, such as the USA, Germany, Great Britain and France, environmental safety is considered as one of the main areas of environmental policy implementation. In particular,a "Green Deal" is currently being implemented in the European Union which will help the EU become the world's first climate-neutral continent by 2050. It is important that the Ukrainian state faces not the simple, but the obvious and important task of ensuring and restoring its environmental security. In order to transform environmental safety to high standards and become an example of a country that can rebuild its environmental sector in a post-war period, Ukraine needs to develop the following priority directions in the environmental sector: reforming state management in the field of environmental protection, compliance with climate policy, effective waste management, reasonable use of natural resources, and conservation of natural ecosystems and biodiversity. With the introduction of such reforms as part of a comprehensive climate policy, including ecological safety, reform of the regulation of industrial pollution, effective waste management, the rational use of natural resources, ecological management so as to preserve the landscape and biological diversity, effective state management in the field of environmental protection, environmental control and establishing legal responsibility thereof, and comprehensive environmental monitoring, Ukraine will be able to transform its environmental safety to high standards and become an example of a country that was able to rebuild its environmental sector in a post-war period.
EN
The changing role and capacities of the country in an increasingly globalized reality include the current relations between countries and supranational corporations, between the interests defined in political and economic categories, and between global governance and public governance. In this context, there is a problem of the environment as a public good as well as of the related externalities including the ones stemming from the declining capacities of the country with respect to their reduction and the increasing role of multinational corporations in their production. Currently, the countries need to combine domestic interests of environmental protection with other internal social interests as well as various external interests entangled in a global network of connections.
EN
The study brings an assessment of the significance of environmental education as one of the means of ensuring protecting of the environment. Environmental education is continually gaining importance due to the newly emerged environmental issues in society, particularly those with severe impact. One of the main goals of this study is to consider serious environmental issues of society and then analyse the significance of education in this area, as well as to classify ongoing forms of study programmes in particular stages of the educational system in The Slovak Republic.
PL
z komponentów, wpływających na aktualny stan ochrony środowiska naturalnego. Edukacja ekologiczna sukcesywnie zyskuje na znaczeniu, co wynika ze wzrostu świadomości społecznej, coraz częściej skoncentrowanej wokół zagadnień z zakresu ochrony środowiska. Do tego typu dynamizacji aberracji poznawczej społeczeństwa, przyczyniają się zwłaszcza sytuacje kryzysowe, m.in. klęski żywiołowe, katastrofy przemysłowe, komunikacyjne, budowlane. Wiodącym elementem rozważań, którym poświęcono niniejsze opracowanie, jest zidentyfikowanie najpoważniejszych zagrożeń wpływających bezpośrednio na stan środowiska naturalnego, a następnie przeanalizowanie dotychczas realizowanych zagadnień w ramach edukacji ekologicznej, wskazanie najlepszych rozwiązań i praktyk, które na wszystkich szczeblach edukacji są realizowane na terenie Republiki Słowackiej.
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