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Nové možnosti prístupu k výskumu dejín vojvodstva v 11. storočí

100%

Bagi D.

nr 2

5-60

The study presents previous research on the history of the duchy in Hungarian, Czechoslovak (Czech) and Polish historiography as well. It also represents a new research concept. The Arpads‘ system of power division in the 11th century cannot be considered either as a model of state development or as a mere exercise of dynastic inheritance or family law. Instead of research on the statedevelopment, it is more appropriate to proceed from the then understanding of law and the organization of society, contained primarily in narrative sources and then situate the history of the duchy into it. The basis of this order had been represented by the system of relations between free people, based on a friendship confirmed by an oath. We can assume that these interpersonal relations had also determined the competence of the duchy and dukes. When comparing the Arpad dynastyduchy with similar constitutions of the Piast and Přemyslid dynasties, we can state that the territorial power division does not necessarily correspond to the authority/competent one. We still do not know the exact territorial extent of the duchy in the Kingdom of Hungary. However, we can say with certainty that its centers, unlike the Piast ones, had only slightly affected the main royal residences. While good relations had been lasting in the ruling dynasty, the dukes had important competencies. These competencies meant a share in the royal power, so the agreement had primarily represented the division of competencies. This might explain why kings and dukes regularly appear together in the main positions of the country, together representing the ruling power. The model of the power division between the Arpads in the 11th century was thus primarily family-based. It was based on consensus among family members.According to this consensus, the power division affecting the whole country had been in the ratio 2 : 1. The sources do not mention exactly what the members of the ruling family had divided among themselves. We can suppose that the reason was because it was not necessary, since the Hungarian chronicler understood the term divisio regni in the meaning of the disputes over the throne, as well as the power division.

Distribúcia českej protestantskej literatúry v priestore stredovýchodnej Európy v 17. storočí

75%

Čičaj V. , Reischlová D.

nr 2

219-242

Distribution of book literature from the invention of the printing press up to the present contains many interesting moments of cultural, social and economic nature. A journey of a book from its creation to its final recipient can be best observed in an interesting triangle a printing office — a bookseller — a library. This study follows the distribution of Czech Protestant literature by observing how the works by a leading member of the Unity of Brethren and its most eminent representative, John Amos Comenius, were spreading in the area of the early modern Kingdom of Hungary in the period ranging roughly from the middle of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. Research has confirmed a high share of Comenius’ works in private and institutional libraries of that time; this high share was ensured by activities of local pressmen and bookbinders as well as by imports from more distant foreign countries.

Abortion as the Partial Issue of the Right to Life and the Development of the Related Slovak Legal Regulation

51%

Lanczová I. , Laclavíková M.

nr 2

205-228

Artykuł dostarcza wglądu w regulacje prawne dotyczące aborcji w historii Królestwa Węgierskiego, państwa wieloetnicznego, z którego m.in. aktualnie powstała Słowacja. Zwrócono uwagę na pierwszy Kodeks karny (ustawa nr V z 1878 r.), którego przyjęcie oznaczało zasadniczą zmianę w rozwoju prawa karnego na terytorium Słowacji. W artykule w skrócie przedstawiono także wprowadzenie do regulacji prawnych dotyczących aborcji w Republice Czechosłowackiej, ponieważ ich zrozumienie umożliwia lepszą ocenę obecnego podejścia Republiki Słowackiej do aborcji. Ponadto przedstawiono skuteczne regulacje prawne, kluczowe decyzje sądów i reakcje społeczeństwa w kwestii aborcji.

This research paper provides an insight into legal regulation of abortions in the history of the Hungarian Kingdom, the multiethnic state which covered inter alia what is Slovakia today. Attention is drawn to the first Criminal Code (the Law no. V of 1878), adoption of which meant a fundamental change in the development of criminal law on the territory of the Slovaks. Consequently, there is a brief introduction into legal regulation of abortions in the Czechoslovak Republic, whose understanding makes it possible to better evaluate the current approach of the Slovak Republic to abortions. Furthermore, effective legal regulations, the pivotal court decisions and the reactions of the society on the abortion topic are presented.