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1

The Song of the Bells: First World War Songs in Romanian Tradition

100%

Ispas S.

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nr 1

69-84

EN

The centenary of the end of the Great War, the War of Nations, First World War, has multiple meanings, expressed concretely in European geopolitics. This event, which occupies an exceptional position in the history of the last century, has led to the appearance in folklore of an epic-lyric category with specific features, Songs of Military and War. In Romanian folk literature, there is an impressive number of such poetic texts. Along with other categories of war memories — personal histories, family histories, and the versified songs of the soldiers, they make up a unitary and rich chapter of war folklore. In the occupied areas there were requisitions of all kinds: clothes, food, animals, objects, and especially bronze objects for the manufacture of weapons. Such a requisition took place in the village of Poiana Sibiului in Transylvania in which the villagers attended a funeral-like ceremony bidding farewell to the bells in song, ‘The Song of the Bells’

2

“Like being trapped in a drum”: The Poetics of Resonance in Frances Itani’s Deafening

86%

Šlapkauskaitė R.

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nr 27/3

201-232

XX

This paper considers how Frances Itani’s Deafening imaginatively rethinks our understanding of the Great War in the age of postmemory. Seeing as the novel is set in Canada and Europe during the First World War and takes as its protagonist a deaf woman, the poetic attention given to the senses as a horizon of phenomenological experience magnifies the moral bonds that the characters establish in defi ance of both deafness and death. Guided by the theoretical reasoning of Marianne Hirsch, Elaine Scarry, and Alison Landsberg as well as contemporary phenomenological thinking, most significantly that of Edward S. Casey, Steven Connor, Michel Serres, and Jean-Luc Nancy, this paper examines how the novel’s attentiveness to the materiality of the body in regard to the ethical collisions of sound and silence as well as life and death contributes to a poetics of resonance that generates prosthetic memories, turning the anonymous record of war into a private experience of moral endurance inscribed on the ear of historical legacy.

3

Existait-il un argot des poilus ?

86%

Goudaillier J.-P. , Descartes U. P. , jean-pierre.goudaillier@paris5.sorbonne.fr

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tom 010

EN

There are few linguistic studies about the register of the French language spoken during the First World War, on the front and behind it. There are many written testimonies, but not all have been analysed and therefore it is for the linguistic researchers to dig out into this vast corpus and present their conclusions. Even if since then the linguists have indicated that there is such an argot of the poilus, it’s of outmost importance, from a methodological perspective, to update the neologisms of the 1914–1918 War in order to determine if the French soldiers on the front did speak such an argot.

FR

Peu d’études linguistiques sont consacrées au registre de langue française employé pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, ceci tant au front qu’à l’arrière. Les témoignages existants sous diverses formes écrites sont très nombreux, mais tous n’ont pas été exploités, tant s’en faut, et il incombe aux chercheurs linguistes d’exploiter ce vaste corpus en le soumettant à leurs analyses. Même si dès la période de la guerre des linguistes ont pris position quant à l’existence d’un argot des poilus, il est important d’un point de vue méthodologique de mettre au jour les néologismes de l’époque de la guerre 14–18, afin d’établir l’existence d’un tel argot utilisé par les soldats français au front.

4

The Memory of the Great War in two books for children – Polish and English perspectives

72%

Zabawa K.

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tom 23

125-138

EN

Two books for children about the Great War will be discussed: Bohaterski miś [Heroic teddy bear] by Bronisława Ostrowska and Five Children on the Western Front by Kate Saunders. It will be a comparative analysis. The books differ in terms of national perspective (Polish and English), but also in the time of edition – just after the war and a hundred years later. Thus, Ostrowska’s memory about the war is her own memory, whereas Saunders’ writing can be called a postmemory narrative. The aim of the paper is to answer the questions: what is similar and what is different in the two selected children’s novels about the Great War? What are the ways of transmitting memory? What do the writers want to save for new generations?

5

Mesjanizm Stanisława Przybyszewskiego

72%

Grajek M.

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tom 33

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nr 1

EN

The article describes the path of Stanisław Przybyszewski, broadly considered as a decadent towards the messianism concept. Basing on the theory of five world views by Michał Łuczewski, the author presents the writer’s apoliticism and life choices. The article outlines the romantic basis of Przybyszewski’s mindset, as well as the impact which the changing environment – move to Berlin, editing “Życie” magazine in Kraków, and years of cooperation with Poznań’s based “Zdrój” – had on him. The paper describes a significant influence that Juliusz Słowacki’s writing – especially the ones from his last, genesian period – had on the writer. The author analyses Przybyszewski’s perspective on Słowacki – first in the period of editing “Życie”, and later – working with “Zdrój”. The article distinguishes the contrast of influence which Słowacki had on Przybyszewski and Wincenty Lutosławski. The author points to the crucial rationale for writer’s changing world view: time of the Great War, and his financial problems due to declining popularity. This period is presented as the time of exploration – resulting in Przybyszewski’s turn to the romantic ideas of mysticism and messianism.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia drogę Stanisława Przybyszewskiego, uważanego powszechnie za dekadenta, do idei mesjanistycznej. Autor tekstu, na podstawie teorii pięciu światopoglądów stworzonej przez Michała Łuczewskiego, przedstawia apolityczność pisarza i jego życiowe wybory. W artykule ukazane zostaje romantyczne podglebie światopoglądu Przybyszewskiego, a także konsekwencje wynikające ze zmian przezeń środowiska – od wyjazdu do Berlina, przez okres redagowania krakowskiego „Życia”, po lata współpracy z poznańskim „Zdrojem”. W tekście omówiono również przemożny wpływ na pisarza utworów Juliusza Słowackiego z jego ostatniego, genezyjskiego okresu. Na zasadzie kontrastu przedstawione zostały dwie drogi inspiracji Słowackim – Przybyszewskiego oraz Wincentego Lutosławskiego. Analizie poddano również stosunek pisarza do Słowackiego zarówno w okresie redagowania krakowskiego „Życia”, jak i późniejszej współpracy z poznańskim „Zdrojem”. Jako najistotniejsze przyczyny przemian światopoglądowych Przybyszewskiego wskazane zostają załamanie sytuacji finansowej pisarza, wynikające ze spadku popularności jego utworów, oraz trudna sytuacja literata podczas wielkiej wojny. Ten moment, zdaniem autora artykułu, stanowi w biografii Przybyszewskiego czas poszukiwań, zwieńczony zwrotem pisarza w stronę romantycznych idei mistycyzmu i mesjanizmu.

6

The Great War Revisited: The Laughter of the Fool and the Shame of the Coward in Paul Bailey’s Old Soldiers

72%

Sokołowska-Paryż M.

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nr 21/1

17-30

EN

The purpose of the paper is an analysis of the representations of the cultural memory of the Great War in Paul Bailey’s novel Old Soldiers. The discussion will focus on the metaphorical representation of the futility myth (laughter) and the psychological representation of the crisis of masculinity (shame). The laughter of the fool has obvious connotations with the Book of Ecclesiastes, yet, as the analysis will prove, the depiction of the memory of the first day of the Somme battle through the prism of laughter has an important predecessor in Ted Hughes’s poetic sequence Crow. The attempts to escape the memory of cowardly conduct will be set in the context of the psychology of shame, which will allow deeper insight into the construction of the antihero in British literature about the Great War.

7

1914-1918 : les boissons des Poilus

58%

Goudaillier J.-P.

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nr 14

21-31

EN

During the Great War (1914-1918), soldiers were bruised in their flesh and their spirit during bloody battles (Goudaillier, 2016). The food designations for poilus (French soldiers) were presented in a previous publication; it is now important to study what they were drinking when in the front line. By analysing data from linguistic writings – such as surveys and dictionaries (cf, among others, Dauzat, 1918) as well as personal writings of the poilus (mail, letters, postcards) and literary writings (war books, trench diaries, novels, memoirs) (see Goudaillier, 2014) – it is possible to highlight the popular and/or slang terms and expressions used by those fighters in trenches on the French side to designate drinks (water, coffee, wine, and other alcoholic beverages) as well as the linguistic means by which they were sent to the front.

FR

Pendant la Grande Guerre (1914-1918) les soldats ont été meurtris dans leur chair et leur esprit lors de combats sanglants (Goudaillier, 2016). Les désignations des aliments des Poilus ont été présentées dans une publication antérieure et il importe désormais d’étudier ce que ceux-ci buvaient, lorsqu’ils étaient au front, essentiellement lorsqu’ils se trouvaient en première ligne. En analysant des données issues d’écrits linguistiques (enquêtes linguistiques, dictionnaires) (cf., entre autres, Dauzat, 1918), d’écrits personnels de poilus (courrier [lettres, cartes postales] et carnets de guerre), de la presse du front et d’écrits littéraires (journaux de tranchées, romans, mémoires) (cf. Goudaillier, 2014), il est possible de mettre en valeur les termes et expressions populaires et / ou argotiques qu’utilisaient les combattants dans les tranchées côté français pour désigner les boissons (eau, café, vin et autres boissons alcoolisées) et les moyens pour les faire parvenir au front.