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EN
In the five provinces of the Order of Friars Minor in Poland the Franciscan youth ministry is realized in different forms and according to various concepts arising from the historical conditions as well as from reading the signs of our times in the Church. Each of the provinces realizes its own project of pastoral activity among young people. This article presents short characteristics of the Franciscan youth groups gathering mainly young people attending high schools. After presentation of the groups, taking into account the selected conclusions and postulates that appear in the Order’s document of 2002 entitled “Directions of Ministry of Vocations. Come and See”, and referring to The Preparatory Document for the 15th Ordinary General Assembly of Synod of Bishops on “Youth, Faith and Vocational Discernment” the most important tasks and challenges these groups are facing have been described.
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Parenthood is given and assigned first to parents, but also to all communi-ties which are concerned with children’s upbringing. One needs to take into account the country, which acts through education, but also the media. One cannot forget the Church either. This paper shows the church’s support for the contemporary family in fulfilling parental duties. Church’s service in that re-spect is not limited to the activities of the clergy, but is a sum of numerous initiatives undertaken by the laity involved in the Family Ministry.
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Content available Segmenty społeczne hiszpańskiej restauracji
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EN
Social Segments of the Spanish Restoration (1874–1931) The article analyses two public institutions during the time of the Spanish Restoration (1874–1931): the Catholic Church and the army. This era has earned the appellation of ‘the black legend’, which was largely due to the actions of these two institutions. In reality, this period was actually very different from the caricatured vision of the common rule of the aristocracy, the military and church hierarchy. On the contrary, relations between these three groups were complex and often led to conflicts. Analysing these phenomena and the dynamics of social conflicts through the perspective of Marxist class analysis appears futile. Research using the concept of social segments, as developed by British sociologist Michael Mann, is much more promising, as is presented in the article.
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Content available remote František X. Halas o vztahu T. G. Masaryka k římskokatolické církvi
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EN
František X. Halas in his historical work was also concerned with the person of T. G. Masaryk, in particular in his most extensive publication The Phenomenon of the Vatican. It analyses the struggle over the sense of Czech history between Masaryk and Pekař and explores in general Masaryk‘s views on the religious question. The greatest attention is paid to Masaryk‘s views of the Roman Catholic Church, both before the World War as well in the foreign resistance even at the time of his time in office as President. His interpretation of Masaryk‘s views is objective and understandably critical in a number of cases. It describes very well the reasons behind Masaryk‘s particular positions.
EN
Trust, sociologically speaking, is a foundation of social order. Not only does it function to designate moral standards with reference to social relationships taking place between individuals, groupings and institutions, but it also organizes diversified constellations of interactions which relate particular actors to social groups or institutions. When defined as an ethical category originating from the shared, community-wide acceptance of values, trust is endowed with quantifiable consequences for the quality of social life. This article comprises a brief presentation and subsequent sociological interpretation aiming to deliver the results of the sociological survey research that are exclusively focused upon trust-related considerations observed with reference to selected institutions, as well as chosen representatives of ecclesiastical and secular spheres of social life. By way of conclusion, the paper postulates that social trust constitutes a moral dilemma which refers not only to the functioning of public authorities and the applied standards of governance. Likewise, it is also indicative of the Roman Catholic Church. Furthermore, it is argued that the significance of trust cannot be downplayed either by political or ecclesiastical authorities. Nevertheless, one is in a position to observe a significant difference between the two great social structures encompassing the Polish society. This discrepancy is discernible especially when the deficits of social trust are being measured. Poles, in the main, are willing to vest trust in the Church. Yet, at the same time, the respondents remain distanced with regard to public authorities, institutions, organizations, and individuals who fulfill the social role of leaders.
PL
Artykuł pt. „Deklaracja «Dominus Iesus» po piętnastu latach od publikacji (2000-2015)" jest analizą recepcji z jaką się spotkał dokument Kongregacji Nauki Wiary w Kościele. Ponieważ de- klaracja wzbudziła wiele komentarzy i krytycznych obserwacji na forach teologicznych całego świata, artykuł nie tylko je sygnalizuje, lecz również stanowi usystematyzowaną odpowiedź na pojawiające się zastrzeżenia i uwagi. Artykuł porusza między innymi kwestie natury soteriologicz- nej, dotyczące zbawienia nie chrześcijan, zwraca uwagę na konieczność kontynuacji misji „ad gen- tes", zachęca do kontynuacji dialogu międzyreligijnego.
EN
Is the pontificate of Pope Francis the next stage of the Second Vatican Council reception or is the beginning of a new post-conciliar Church situation? Is the way we perceive and understand the Church changing fundamentally now 50 years after the Council? Does the Church’s discourse contain things the Council could not even have imagined? These questions lead us to formulating two basic hypotheses which will be developed in detail. First, each phase of the reception and subsequent reflection on the reception of the Council ties together the pluriformity of ecclesiological models and pastoral propedeutics manifested in basic pastoral decisions as responses by faith to the changing world around us. Secondly, finding a new unity in the situation of pluriformity of ecclesiological models, as brought by the phases of reflection on the reception of the Council, will be possible provided that the basic pastoral propedeutics described in the text will be transformed by pastorality as the basic driving force of the initiation by the Council. Pastorality is the interpretative key of the Council brought to the Church by Francis’s pontificate.
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Content available The Christian Understanding of Happiness
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PL
The relationship with God allows man to find the sense of life. Christianity is a humanism – it positions man in the very centre of the world according him the highest place – of the being created after God’s image. The revelation of God’s Love endows man with a new way of enriching himself and others. Thus the desire for happiness gains a new perspective of the divine longing for good.Happiness which Christ promises exceeds the limits of our imagination. It is incon­ceivable and incomprehensible to those living on earth. Heaven is beyond every word, beyond our conception for it bears the meaning which man cannot fully understand. It is the most supreme happiness, absolutely perfect and complete which no one has ever known.A Christian has to achieve in his life something more than the worldly aims. Whoever limits their life to the earth, focuses only on enjoying and using this life to the full; squeezing from it the last drop heedless of the needs of others.
EN
„Gazeta Wyborcza” is considered to be one of the most influential and opinion-generating Polish newspapers. Since its inception, it regularly publishes articles on topics closely related to the Church. During the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000 „Gazeta Wyborcza” published 677 texts on the Church, its pastoral leaders and faithful, texts broaching issues of ethics and Christian morality.In the press material published in „Gazeta Wyborcza” in the Year of the Great Jubilee a vision of a divided and dissented Church, is clearly drawn. The journal editors recognize lack of internal unity among the clergy, as well as between the clergy and the faithful. The editors, while emphasizing the alleged internal division of the Church, point to the need for dialogue with liberal mentality. Hence, the journalists create in the daily paper symbols of this dialogue, which are promoted by them, the so called „soft faces” of the Church.From the publications of „Gazeta Wyborcza” in the Year of the Great Jubilee a vision of the Church emerges as a kind of sociological and specific political formation. To define this, the journal editors usually use terms such as monarchy, fortress, stronghold, world power, headquarters, department or federation.„Gazeta Wyborcza” is also known for its ingenuity in finding and vividly describing ecclesiastical sensations. Each revelation from the life of the Church and the people associated with it does not go unnoticed by the journalists and is reflected in numerous press reports, coverages and newspaper columns. It should be added that the „sensational” information often has no reflection in reality. Showing the scandals and sensationalism in the Church is an intentional activity and is designed to ridicule the clergy and to discourage the faithful in regard to the Church.
PL
„Gazeta Wyborcza” uważana jest za jeden z najbardziej wpływowych i opiniotwórczych polskich dzienników. Od początku swojego istnienia systematycznie publikuje artykuły na tematy ściśle związane z Kościołem. W czasie Wielkiego Jubileuszu Roku 2000 na łamach „Gazety Wyborczej” opublikowano 677 tekstów dotyczących Kościoła, jego duszpasterzy i wiernych, tekstów poruszających kwestie etyki i moralności chrześcijańskiej.W materiale prasowym zamieszczonym na łamach „Gazety Wyborczej” w Roku Wielkiego Jubileuszu w sposób jednoznaczny rysuje się wizja Kościoła podzielonego i skłóconego. Brak wewnętrznej jedności redaktorzy dziennika dostrzegają tak między samym duchowieństwem, jak i między duchowieństwem a wiernymi. Redakcja dziennika, nagłaśniając rzekomy podział wewnętrzny Kościoła, wskazuje jednocześnie na konieczność jego dialogu z mentalnością liberalną. Stąd też dziennikarze kreują na łamach dziennika symbole promowanego przez siebie dialogu, tzw. „ciepłe twarze” Kościoła.Z publikacji „Gazety Wyborczej” w Roku Wielkiego Jubileuszu wyłania się również wizja Kościoła jako swoistej grupy socjologicznej i specyficznej formacji politycznej. Dla jego określenia redaktorzy dziennika posługują się najczęściej takimi terminami, jak: „monarchia”, „forteca”, „twierdza”, „mocarstwo”, „sztab”, „urząd” czy „federacja”. „Gazeta Wyborcza” znana jest także z pomysłowości w wyszukiwaniu, jak i barwności w opisywaniu kościelnych sensacji. Każda rewelacja z życia Kościoła i osób z nim związanych nie uchodzi uwadze dziennikarzy i znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie w licznych doniesieniach prasowych, reportażach czy felietonach. Trzeba dodać, że te „sensacyjne” informacje nierzadko nie mają żadnego odzwierciedlenia w rzeczywistości. Ukazywanie afer i sensacji w Kościele jest działaniem celowym, ma za zadanie ośmieszyć duchowieństwo, a wiernych zniechęcić do Kościoła.
EN
In this paper, the author deals with the question of communion ecclesiology in the context of the current migration crisis in Europe. Contextual theology based on the correlation method tries to develop the understanding of the Church’s essence and mission by using the ecclesiological model called communion and putting it in the contemporary social context. The notion of the ‘stranger’ introduced by the sociologists into the public discourse seems to be very operative and useful category for ecclesiology as well. The first part of the article presents the phenomenon of the stranger in sociological perspective. The second part discusses Jesus as Sacrament of God in the encounter with strangers. The author analyses Jesus’ words and his attitude to strangers and socially alienated people. The third part describes the Church as the sacrament of responsibility and open home for strangers and poor people. The Church can be also understood as the mother with a heart open especially to those who suffer from war and misery. In the final part of this paper the author presents some pastoral implications. He draws attention to the necessity to enhance the social aspect of Eucharist and to encourage the believers to create the ‘culture of solidarity’ with refugees and strangers in need.
EN
The present text puts itself into the context of the 500 anniversary of the Reformation in 2017. The author provides an overview of the most important acts and documents connected with the preparation of the event. He initially attempts to sketch out a typology of various kinds of approaches which emerge when speaking of the issue. In connection with the political-cultural and confessional way of interpretation, he strengths the ecumenical dimension. The contribution subsequently provides impulses in order to support an ecumenically responsible and theologically founded approach, which the Christian might acquire in connection with the Year of the Reformation. As the crucial points, the two following perspectives are proposed: trust in God’s Providence and the ability to discern the gifts. The Reformation can contribute to the authentic reform of the Church and the restoration of unity among all Christians.
EN
The christological title Christus totus seldom appears in modern theology. It seems that the reason for this stems from the lack of precise understanding and interpretation of the very title. Therefore, the article: “Christus totus − different ways of interpretation” is an attempt at the presentation of theological wealth hidden behind it. From ecclesiological aspect, Christus totus expresses the unity of Christ − the Head and Body of the Church. Without covering over the identity of the Divine Person, Jesus Christ must be eternally and inextricably perceived with the Church, which takes over and borrows from its Divine Head new subjectivity. Christus totus, in the anthropological perspective, is a paradigm of the new man. On the one hand, He is the new Adam, a social, corporate being, yet on the other hand, He is a Personality characterized by His total openness to others. Jesus Christ is a man who does not exist for Himself but for others, opening wide the boundaries of His existence. From the cosmic perspective Christus totus is finally cosmic Christ, because He remains in the relation of cause and effect of the entire creation. However, Christ does not fade away in the Universe in any pantheistic sense, but remains in it, being present as the incarnated Son of the Father, performing real transformation of the Universe into New Heaven and New Earth.
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Content available Chrzest jako źródło apostolstwa świeckich
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EN
The issue of lay apostolate understood as the engagement of the whole Church in the preaching of the Gospel must be referenced to the sacrament of baptism as its source. The source nature of baptism can be seen in several aspects. The following are the main two. The first one is the inclusion by baptism into the Church, which is apostolic and missionary by its nature. The Church fulfills the apostolic task by both the consecrated and involved in the sacramental priesthood as well as all the baptized laity. Baptism, which includes into the Church, is the act of salvation which enables us to carry out the tasks of the Apostles. The second aspect is the participation in the triple dignity of Christ - the priestly, prophetic and kingly. In all of these three concepts is hidden the mystery of communion with Christ, who himself being the first to preach the Gospel, enables and calls all the baptized to this task.In both these aspects the crucial and source role is played by the sacrament of baptism.
PL
Zagadnienie apostolstwa świeckich pojmowane jako włączenie się w głoszenie Ewangelii przez cały Kościół odniesione musi być do sakramentu chrztu jako jego źródła. Źródłowy charakter chrztu widoczny jest w kilku aspektach. Podstawowymi są następujące dwa. Pierwszym jest włączenie przez chrzest do wspólnoty Kościoła, który z natury jest apostolski i misyjny. Zadanie apostolskie Kościół wypełnia zarówno przez osoby konsekrowane i mające udział w kapłaństwie sakramentalnym, ale także przez wszystkich świeckich ochrzczonych. Chrzest włączający w Kościół jest więc tym aktem zbawczym, który uzdalnia do realizowania zadań apostolskich. Drugim aspektem jest udział w potrójnej godności Chrystusa - kapłańskiej, prorockiej i królewskiej. We wszystkich tych trzech pojęciach kryje się tajemnica jedności z Chrystusem, który sam będąc pierwszym głoszącym Ewangelię uzdalnia i powołuje wszystkich ochrzczonych do tego zadania.W oby tych aspektach istotną i źródłową rolę spełnia sakrament chrztu.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the role of faith in shaping the Catholic attitude in the context of the teaching of Cardinal Hlond, Primate of Poland. From the beginning of his pastoral ministry, he exposes the threats to faith and his diagnosis of the situation, leads to pointing out ways of solving problems and consistently forming a Catholic attitude that is to be at the service of the spiritual revival of the nation. Elements of this approach determine the phases of the working method. In subsequent stages of reflection, the influence of faith on the formation of particular elements of an attitude that has an intellectual-cognitive, emotional-value and task reference to its subject is presented. The source of this article are pastoral letters, homilies, speeches and other writings of Cardinal August Hlond. Some statements of the Polish Episcopate were analyzed. On the basis of the extremely rich quantity and quality of the teaching of Cardinal August Hlond, we discover that faith is expressed in the conversion of the heart and in the human attitude. In this way, it leads to spiritual rebirth.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie roli wiary w kształtowaniu postawy katolickiej w kontekście nauczania kardynała Hlonda, Prymasa Polski. Od początku swojej pasterskiej posługi, demaskuje on zagrożenia dotyczące wiary a czyniona przez niego diagnoza sytuacji, prowadzi do wskazywania dróg rozwiązywania problemów oraz konsekwentnego formowania postawy katolickiej, która ma być w służbie duchowego odrodzenia narodu. Elementy postawy wyznaczają fazy metody pracy. W kolejnych etapach refleksji jest zaprezentowany wpływ wiary na formowanie poszczególnych elementów postawy mającej do swego przedmiotu odniesienie intelektualno-poznawcze, emocjonalno-wartościujące oraz zadaniowe. Źródłem niniejszego artykułu są listy pasterskie, homilie, przemówienia oraz inne pisma Kardynała Augusta Hlonda. Poddano analizie niektóre wypowiedzi Episkopatu Polski. W oparciu o niezwykle bogate pod względem ilości i jakości nauczanie kardynała Augusta Hlonda odkrywamy, że wiara znajduje swój wyraz w nawróceniu serca oraz w postawie ludzkiej. W ten sposób prowadzi do duchowego odrodzenia.
EN
Martyr Dionysius was a local saint worshipped in the area of Cyrrhus in Syria at least since the 4th century. Author of this article combines literary, epigraphic and archeological evidence in order to identify his shrine and estabilsh it’s chronology.
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PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie staurologicznej wiarygodności genezy Kościoła. Tak postawiony problem został rozpatrzony w trzech punktach. Kolejno zaprezentowano następujące zagadnienia: eklezjalne aspekty królewskiej godności Jezusa (I); eklezjotwórczy charakter wydarzeń na Gol- gocie (II) oraz Pentekostalny aspekt śmierci Jezusa (III). Ukazując wiarygodność Kościoła w jego genezie trzeba mieć na uwadze złożoną strukturę Eklezji: naturalną i nadprzyrodzoną, historyczną i ponadhistoryczną, widzialną i niewidzialną. Właściwe ukazanie wiarygodności Eklezji wymaga zatem dostrzeżenia widzialnych elementów jego genezy oraz poznania i zrozumienia nadanej im przez Boga treści i historiozbawczego sensu.
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EN
One of the significant areas of social life, in which the Church has to fulfill its prophetic-critical function towards the world, is the domain of public life. The subject of the present study is an attempt to look at the presence and mission of the Church within social-political life. Albeit the character of academic analyses will touch the general view of the discussed issue in the light of the post-Conciliar teaching of the Church, but quite naturally some of the motifs had to touch directly the situation of the Church in the countries that from 1989 started a systemic transformation. A detailed analysis was made, among others, of the issues of the essence of genuine democracy, the relation of the Church to the state on the basis of the principle sana cooperation and the question about the way in which a challenge issued by the Church to the world and mundane reality should be introduced. The point here is making the choice that is not just apparent, between two ways of effecting social changes: the way of gradual reform and that of revolution.
Onomastica
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2021
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tom 65
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nr 2
179-188
EN
The subject of the article is to show a new, modified way of avoiding Polish inflection by the Church, understood here as an institution represented by priests. The analysis included first names and surnames excerpted from Holy Mass intentions and parish announcements published on the Internet from October 2020 to March 2021 by selected parishes of the Podkarpacie region. Publishing Mass intentions on the parish website resulted in the fact that inflection mistakes became permanent and could easily be indicated. In order to avoid criticism for linguistic incorrectness, the Church decided not to inflect first names and surnames in the messages published online. The analysis of the Mass intentions indicates that the Church promotes the use of an official and practical model of inflection that prefers nominativisation of names and surnames, as well as writing them in the form of lists. First names and surnames of the deceased (which are preceded by the symbol of the cross) are written in the nominative form, as opposed to inflected names of living parishioners. As a result, a name/surname that is not inflected (even without the cross) has begun to be perceived as a linguistic symbol of a dead person.
PL
Przedmiotem  artykułu jest pokazanie nowego, zmodyfikowanego sposobu unikania rodzimej fleksji przez Kościół rozumiany tu  jako instytucja reprezentowana przez księży. Materiałową podstawę pracy stanowią imiona i nazwiska wyekscerpowane z intencji mszalnych i ogłoszeń parafialnych zamieszczanych w internecie od października 2020 r. do marca 2021 r. przez wybrane parafie podkarpackie. Umieszczanie intencji mszalnych  na stronach internetowych parafii spowodowało, że  błędy fleksyjne nabierały trwałego charakteru i łatwo mogły być wykazane. Aby się nie narazić na krytykę niepoprawności językowej, w tekstach ogłoszeń Kościół zdecydował się więc na  zastosowanie wybiegu omijania odmiany imion i nazwisk. Analiza tekstów intencji mszalnych wykazała, że w Kościele gwałtownie szerzy się urzędniczy, praktyczny model odmiany preferujący nominatywizację imion i nazwisk i zestawianie ich w formie wykazów. Kostnienie, w postaci mianownikowej, imion i nazwisk zmarłych (poprzedzonych symbolem krzyża), w opozycji do czynnych fleksyjnie nazw własnych osób żyjących, powoduje, że w intencjach mszalnych unieruchomiona fleksyjnie forma imienia i nazwiska (nawet bez krzyża) zaczyna być traktowana jako językowy symbol osoby zmarłej. 
PL
Patriotyzm jest godziwą miłością do własnego narodu, a kultura narodowa jest środowiskiem osobowego rozwoju człowieka. Zatem wymogiem sprawiedliwości wobec wspólnoty, która nas ukształtowała, jest trwanie w narodzie oraz solidarność i miłość do niego. Istotnym obowiązkiem każdego człowieka jest wychowanie patriotyczne. Ważną rolę w tym procesie odgrywa roztropna polityka historyczna. Do środowisk wychowania patriotycznego należą: rodzina, szkoła, ludzie kultury, harcerstwo, organizacje pozarządowe i samorządowe, a także grupy związane z wydarzeniami sportowymi oraz rekonstrukcjami historycznymi. Z postawą patriotyzmu łączą się wymogi uniwersalizmu: otwarcie i szacunek wobec osób należących do innych tradycji, kultur, wspólnot posługujących się innym językiem.
EN
Patriotism is a just love of one’s own nation, and national culture is an environment for personal human growth. Thus the requirement of justice towards this community which has shaped us is to be a part of the nation, showing solidarity and love towards one’s own country. An important duty of every human being is patriotic education and a wise historical policy plays a significant role in this process. Family, school, artists, scouting, non-governmental and local government organizations, sports events and historical re-enactments are elements of patriotic formation for young people. A patriotic attitude should be combined with the requirements of universalism, such as openness and respect for people who belong to other traditions and cultures and to communities that use a different language.
EN
In the article the author presents the analysis of cultural processes that have a negative impact on the Catholic Church and Christianity, threatening the very essence of the mission of the Church, as well as leading to dechristianisation of societies. The disquisition presented in the article starts from the problem of political involvement of priests. The author presents the argumentation taken from the teachings of the Catholic Church, showing why priests should keep a distance from politics, as well as exceptions to this rule. Analysing further the Church's coming too close to politics, the article focuses on the phenomenon of reducing the idea of salvation and mission of the Church to the dimension of worldliness as a process that may lead to the loss of the essence by Christianity. Another threat of this type presented in the article is popularisation in the Church and in theology of the notions, that have been created in order to supersede from science the terms with Christian provenance. This leads to the adoption of atheistic para-digm in theology. This phenomenon is accompanied by other dangerous tendency, namely the secularisation of Christians, who think, make decisions and live as though Christ did not exist.
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