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EN
In the article Thánatos Forever Alive. Tim Burton and His (Undying) Adventure with Death Adam H.A. Michniewicz presents images of death in the works of Tim Burton, as well as in the works of several of his successors. In these movies, death is shown differently than in other works of contemporary popular culture. Terms such as death, illness, and old age have been repressed by society—but not by Burton, whose films remind us that talking about difficult subjects is not only important, but also necessary. To convey this message, the director uses a wide range of methods. He makes use of cultural heritage of various religions and civilizations. In conclusion, the author proves that Burton does not want to terrify the audience, but rather to encourage reflection on the meaning of death.
EN
Studies of ancient funerary rituals lead to the philosophical problem of the opposi-tion of life and death. Ancient cultural forms that remove this opposition are based on the specifically irrational and correlate with irrational ideas about the soul and its desti-nation after death. The modern rational mind eliminates these forms. Based on an ontologically balanced paradigmatic synthetic approach, considering the features of ontology and myth, a dynamic model of the archaic perception of death—metaphysics of overcoming—was formed. This integrated model most accurately reflects the pre-philosophical way of the transcendence of the being. The metaphysics of overcoming can be the core of the ancient ritual comprehension theory.
EN
This article studies the phenomenon of overcoming and provides a rationale of the understanding of the totality of human experience that integrates the situation of over-coming as that of the transcendence of human existence. As the basis of the research we use an integrated model of archaic cultural overcoming of the life–death dichotomy— a metaphysics of overcoming. A result of this metaphysics is a specific dialectical on-tology of myth, represented as an ontology of return. Manifestationism, holism, alo-gism, metamorphism, animism, cyclism, and sacralism are the general principles of this ontology. Return ontologies are in conflict with the ontology and metaphysics of the finite present in the religious and scientific worldviews. The author sees the prospects for a further study of the phenomenon of overcoming in using the subjective energistic approach that leads to understanding the phenomenon of overcoming at the biosocial level. The results of the research can be used as a philosophical basis for the develop-ment of an archaeological activity theory, in particular, a unified integrated approach to the ancient burial ritualism. They also allow to deepen the theoretical concepts of man, society, and culture.
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