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EN
The article has two main goals, one of them being a report on the Third Conference of the Old Polish Linguistic Encounters series, the terms in synchronic and diachronic linguistics and a synthetic discussion of the issues raised during the Congress. In the first, definitely shorter part I discuss the issues presented by the referees. The second part, in turn, is devoted to the analysis of the aforementioned issues from the perspective of the theory of the term. At the end of the article I present science-oriented attitudes that characterize the speakers atthe mentioned conference. I ponder if their problems result from their relation to science itself.
2
Content available Terminologia prawna w aspekcie normatywnym
77%
EN
This text deals with the problem of procedures for adjudication on the correctness of terminological expressions used in legal texts. In particular, it argues about the need of distinguishing three types of units – those compatible with general units, motivated by general units, and affecting the form and the meaning of general units. Expressions, that belong to each of the above distinguished types, require separate standardisation procedures. Apart from fundamental considerations, the issue of the status of terminological expressions in legal texts as well as their relation to general units is discussed.
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2021
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tom 28
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nr 1
71-86
EN
This text is an attempt to apply the concept of a legal text unit to the description of strictly defined structures of legal texts, namely the gerund strings. The main attention is focused on the methods used to identify multi-segment terminological structures and on distinguishing them from strings that constitute a combination of linguistic expressions. The overall conclusion of such analysis is based on the indication of the mechanism used for connecting and limiting gerund structures in this scope. Therefore, this work includes, among others, the formal procedure of verification, which allows for distinguishing, with significant precision, the syntactic constructions with gerund forms and similar sequences of terms.
4
Content available Niektóre pojęcia dotyczące szyb samochodowych
77%
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wykaz podstawowych pojęć i określeń dotyczących szyb samochodowych oraz związanych z tym cech konstrukcyjnych pojazdów.
EN
The paper gives an overview of the basic concepts and terms of auto glass car windows and related design features of vehicles.
5
Content available Hyperidentities in associative graph algebras
77%
EN
Graph algebras establish a connection between directed graphs without multiple edges and special universal algebras of type (2,0). We say that a graph G satisfies an identity s ≈ t if the correspondinggraph algebra A(G) satisfies s ≈ t. A graph G is called associative if the corresponding graph algebra A(G) satisfies the equation (xy)z ≈ x(yz). An identity s ≈ t of terms s and t of any type τ is called a hyperidentity of an algebra A̲ if whenever the operation symbols occurring in s and t are replaced by any term operations of A of the appropriate arity, the resulting identities hold in A. In this paper we characterize associative graph algebras, identities in associative graph algebras and hyperidentities in associative graph algebras.
6
77%
EN
In [2] it was proved that all hypersubstitutions of type τ = (2) which are not idempotent and are different from the hypersubstitution whichmaps the binary operation symbol f to the binary term f(y,x) haveinfinite order. In this paper we consider the order of hypersubstitutionswithin given varieties of semigroups. For the theory of hypersubstitution see [3].
UK
Подано матеріали до словника енциклопедичних термінів/
EN
Glossary for encyclopedistics is proposed. The main terms and definitions of the discipline are given.
EN
A regular hypersubstitution is a mapping which takes every $n_i$-ary operation symbol to an $n_i$-ary term. A variety is called regular-solid if it contains all algebras derived by regular hypersubstitutions. We determine the greatest regular-solid variety of semigroups. This result will be used to give a new proof for the equational description of the greatest solid variety of semigroups. We show that every variety of semigroups which is finitely based by hyperidentities is also finitely based by identities.
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2021
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nr 13
31-39
EN
The aim of this article is to present and discuss selected results of a survey study conducted on the popularity and use of particular terms in the field of phonodidactic lapsology. The study shows that specialists in the field of teaching foreign languages and in the field of speech-language pathology use the same terms while referring to different kinds of errors. Also, the definition boundaries of individual lexemes are more or less blurred, depending on the case in which they are used (for example, substitution). Moreover, the definitions of particular lexemes are frequently not precise enough and vary depending on the area of study within which they are used. Due to the fact that one of the criteria for recognizing scientific terminology is its frequency, efforts were made to take a closer look at how teachers of Polish as a foreign language most often define errors made by foreigners which consist in replacing one sound with another.
11
Content available Natural Semantic Metalanguage as Terminology
58%
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2021
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nr 13
61-73
EN
In this paper I present the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2014; Goddard 2018; Wierzbicka 1996, 2013), arguing that it can be perceived as a terminological system, a terminology sui generis. NSM is a decompositional approach to semantics, based on the assumption that there are 65 basic concepts, known as semantic primes, and that all other concepts can be paraphrased in terms of elements taken from this set of 65. These elements are said to exist in all human languages – as words, phrases or morphemes – and they cannot be reduced any further. The system has been tested on more than 30 different languages so far and is considered one of the most comprehensive approaches to cross-linguistic semantics today. I want to shed light on the formal structure of NSM, and explain its most important theoretical concepts, such as semantic primes and molecules, reductive paraphrase and semantic template, in order to demonstrate its practical value across many domains. As an example of how NSM is used in practice, I will look at the meaning of one concrete and one abstract noun (beach and comfort, respectively).
12
Content available remote Zmiany infrastruktury polskiej wsi w warunkach Unii Europejskiej
58%
EN
The paper presents a comparative analysis of a separation of rural areas and subsequently basing on the definition of rural areas by TERYT the analysis of changes of infrastructure (mainly technical and social) in the country, urban areas and rural areas in the years 2003-2009 has been presented. As a result of external circumstances, including financial support of the European Union the pace of changes in rural areas accelerates, especially with regard to the level of infrastructure. Moreover, the present evolution of function of rural areas has been characterised in terms of Poland’s accession to the European Union.
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tom Vol. 13, nr 3-4
299-307
EN
Unambiguous and consistent concepts and terms such as measurand, metrological traceability, measurement uncertainty, comparability of measurement results, target measurement uncertainty, etc, must govern the description of results of chemical measurements in order to enable a valid comparison of measurement results. For international trade in food and feed to be fair, for border-crossing implementation of environmental regulations to be the same for all parties concerned, for interchangeability of resulfs of clinical measure-ments to become a reality, for any border-crossing interpretation of measurement results in chemistry to became possibile, well understood and mutually accepted concepts and terms are essential. Similarly, their translations from one language - English - into 30-40 other languages, must be rearlized and fixed unambiguously. The countries of these lan-guages are therefore at a considerable disadvantage. A number of ambiguities in the definitions and terms used in measurement, are described. They illustrate the importance of the ongoing revision of the International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (VIM): 1) 'measurand', 2) 'measurement result', 3) 'metrological traceability' (incl. 'to the SI'), 4) 'measurement uncertainty', 5) 'measurement unit' and 'measurement scale', 6) 'metrological comparabilty' (of measurement results), 7) 'target measurement uncertainty'. It is concluded that the ongoing revision of the VIM is of primordial importance for good understanding within and between measurement communities world-wide.
PL
Niedwuznaczne oraz spójne pojęcia i terminy, takie jak: wielkość mierzona, identyfikowalność metrologiczna, niepewność pomiaru, porównywalność wyników pomiaru, założona niepewność pomiaru itd., muszą określać sposób opisu pomiaru chemicznego, by umożliwić przekonywające porównanie jego wyników. Dla międzynarodowego handlu środkami spożywczymi niezbędne jest wprowadzanie w życie czytelnych regulacji tak samo rozumianych przez wszystkie zainteresowane strony. Aby wynik pomiaru chemicznego stał się wzajemnie uznawanym, opisujące go pojęcia i terminy muszą być dobrze zrozumiane. Także ich jednoznaczne tłumaczenie z języka angielskicgo na 30-40 innych języków musi zostać zrealizowane. Opisano niektóre dwuznaczności w definicjach i terminach, co wykazuje potrzeb" dalszego przeglądu i wprowadzania poprawek w Międzynarodowym Słownictwie Podstawowych i Ogólnych Terminów Metrologicznych (VIM). Niezbędne jest dokładne zdefiniowanie pojęć: 1) wielkość mierzona, 2) wynik pomiaru, 3) identyfikowalność metrologiczna, (włączając do SI), 4) niepewność pomiaru, 5) jednostki pomiaru i skala pomiaru, 6) porównywalność metrologiczna (wyników pomiaru), 7) założona niepewność pomiaru. Stwierdzono, ze obecny przegląd VIM ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla dobrego zrozumienia zarówno wewnątrz grup badawczych, jaki w skali całego świata, pomiędzy nimi.
14
Content available O pojęciu jednostki tekstu prawnego
55%
EN
The article discusses the linguistic status of specialist vocabulary, as well as the procedures used for its identification and description. Our theoretical analysis is based on a selection of penal law texts. The purpose of the article is to define the notion of legal text unit and to prove its relevance for linguistic research. The paper presents the relationships between a legal text unit, a language unit, a collocation and a term. We sug-gest that in order to identify specialist language units, the analysis should be based on a corpus consisting only of texts representing each particular field. Finally, the article discusses the basic mechanisms used for transforming general language units into legal language units.
PL
W artykule autor przedstawił własne propozycje tłumaczenia definicji i terminów zawartych w grupie norm dotyczących systemu fabrycznie izolowanych zespołów rurowych będących w zakresie działalności normalizacyjnej komitetu CEN/TC 107 UE "Prefabricated district heating and district cooling pipe systems" oraz polskiego odpowiednika tego komitetu - PKNKT 316 "Ciepłownictwa i Ogrzewnictwa".
EN
The intention of the author of this article is to present his own proposition of translation definitions and terms contained in the group of standards for a system made from factory insulated pipe assemblies covered by the standardization activity of the CEN / TC 107 UE Committee "Prefabricated district heating and district cooling pipe systems" and the Polish equivalent committee - PKNKT 316 "District heating and Heating".
EN
Author-provided keywords as the basis of bibliographical description in the iSybislaw bibliographyA bibliographer primarily relies on the abstract and keywords provided by the author of the original article. However the author-provided abstract and keywords are rarely sufficient. The bibliographer’s task is to ascertain that they correspond to the content of the article itself, as well as to find the closest equivalents in the language of the bibliography, Polish in our case. Additional confounding factors in determining the keywords corresponding most accurately to the submission in question include terminological inconsistencies within the works by certain authors, terminological inconsistencies within each of the languages as well as possible inconsistencies due to different theoretical backgrounds. This article deals with all of these issues on the basis of two pairs of examples. The first is the Polish term frazeologizm ‘idiom, phrase’ and the Croatian term frazem ‘idiom, phrase’. The second pair is the Polish term dialekt ‘dialect’ and the Croatian terms dijalekt/narječje ‘dialect/vernacular’. The complication inherent in the work of the bibliographer is due to, inter alia, the fact that the bibliographer’s strategy in prepairing the bibliographic description should enable the user to achieve the best possible effectiveness and efficiency in his/her search. Słowa kluczowe podawane przez autora publikacji jako podstawa opisu bibliograficznego w iSybislawieStreszczenie/abstrakt i słowa kluczowe podane przez autora w oryginalnym artykule są podstawą opracowania bibliograficznego, nie stanowią jednak wystarczającego źródła pracy bibliografa. Jego zadaniem jest przede wszystkim sprawdzenie, czy streszczenie/abstrakt i słowa kluczowe odpowiadają treści samego artykułu. Kolejne zadanie polega na odnalezieniu w języku bibliografii (w naszym przypadku jest to język polski) najbliższych ekwiwalentów słów kluczowych. Czynniki utrudniające dobór odpowiednich słów kluczowych z istniejącej bazy to brak ujednolicenia  terminologicznego w pracach niektórych autorów, zróżnicowanie terminologiczne między językami, a także różnice terminologiczne związane z różnymi teoriami lingwistycznymi. W niniejszym artykule rozpatrywane są wszystkie te problemy na podstawie dwu przykładów. Pierwszy z nich stanowi para: polski termin frazeologizm i chorwacki termin frazem. Drugi reprezentowany jest przez polski termin dialekt i chorwackie terminy dijalekt/narječje. Problemy w pracy bibliografa wiążą się z opracowywaniem przez niego opisu bibliograficznego, który powinien zapewnić użytkownikowi jak największą skuteczność wyszukiwania informacji.  
EN
In the article the problem of military and patriotic education of senior pupils in the process of extracurricular work is revealed. Due to the development of an independent Ukrainian state and its Armed Forces according to the new principles provided in the Law «On defense of Ukraine» and «On the Armed Forces of Ukraine», there was an urgent need to develop a new system of military and patriotic education of youth. This requires a new approach to determining the essence, content and tasks of military and patriotic education. The Concept of pre-recruitment training and military and patriotic education of youth sets the following objectives: the promotion of a sense of patriotism, love for people, their history, cultural and historical values; citizenship education and formation of civil consciousness, respect for the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, social activity and responsibility for government and public affairs; forming abilities to the analysis of the external and internal political environment, the ability on this basis independently and adequately evaluate the event and support the defense of the country; the formation of aspirations to acquire military knowledge, achievement of an appropriate level of physical fitness and endurance; raising the prestige of military service, military professional orientation of youth, formation and development of motivation on the development of patriotic feelings, getting ready to defend the Ukrainian state and serve in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. So, from the point of view of the tasks set in the Concept of pre-recruitment training and military and patriotic education of youth it can be seen that the military and patriotic education in modern conditions is a separate area of education. Its methodological basis constitute conceptual provisions on the development of military and patriotic education of youth; common views on the issue of education of a patriot and a citizen; the formation in youth of high patriotic consciousness, national pride and readiness to perform civil and constitutional duty to defend the national interests of Ukraine. The main purpose of military and patriotic education is to develop in youth a responsible attitude towards the future of military service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the education of constant readiness to defend the Ukrainian state.
EN
A bibliographer primarily relies on the abstract and keywords provided by the author of the original article. However the author-provided abstract and keywords are rarely sufficient. The bibliographer’s task is to ascertain that they correspond to the content of the article itself, as well as to find the closest equivalents in the language of the bibliography, Polish in our case. Additional confounding factors in determining the keywords corresponding most accurately to the submission in question include terminological inconsistencies within the works by certain authors, terminological inconsistencies within each of the languages as well as possible inconsistencies due to different theoretical backgrounds. This article deals with all of these issues on the basis of two pairs of examples. The first is the Polish term frazeologizm ‘idiom, phrase’ and the Croatian term frazem ‘idiom, phrase’. The second pair is the Polish term dialekt ‘dialect’ and the Croatian terms dijalekt/narječje ‘dialect/vernacular’. The complication inherent in the work of the bibliographer is due to, inter alia, the fact that the bibliographer’s strategy in prepairing the bibliographic description should enable the user to achieve the best possible effectiveness and efficiency in his/her search.
PL
Streszczenie/abstrakt i słowa kluczowe podane przez autora w oryginalnym artykule są podstawą opracowania bibliograficznego, nie stanowią jednak wystarczającego źródła pracy bibliografa. Jego zadaniem jest przede wszystkim sprawdzenie, czy streszczenie/abstrakt i słowa kluczowe odpowiadają treści samego artykułu. Kolejne zadanie polega na odnalezieniu w języku bibliografii (w naszym przypadku jest to język polski) najbliższych ekwiwalentów słów kluczowych. Czynniki utrudniające dobór odpowiednich słów kluczowych z istniejącej bazy to brak ujednolicenia terminologicznego w pracach niektórych autorów, zróżnicowanie terminologiczne między językami, a także różnice terminologiczne związane z różnymi teoriami lingwistycznymi. W niniejszym artykule rozpatrywane są wszystkie te problemy na podstawie dwu przykładów. Pierwszy z nich stanowi para: polski termin frazeologizm i chorwacki termin frazem. Drugi reprezentowany jest przez polski termin dialekt i chorwackie terminy dijalekt/narječje. Problemy w pracy bibliografa wiążą się z opracowywaniem przez niego opisu bibliograficznego, który powinien zapewnić użytkownikowi jak największą skuteczność wyszukiwania informacji.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the terms concerning a roe‑deer used by hunters in the 21st century. There were discussed the names of spices living in Poland and living in Russia, names specifying the sex of the animal and names of its offspring. Semantic comparison research of each term began with an analysis of its meaning in the dictionaries of the hunting language. The frequency of their occurrence was checked as well as the accuracy of definitions in all sources was compared. The sources were dictionaries of hunting language, manuals for hunters and internet sources as well. The results of the research indicated a discrepancy in definitions mostly in manuals for hunters. In Russian sources there were less professional terms than in Polish sources.
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tom 7
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nr 1
77-83
EN
The influence of world globalization processes in the field of computer technologies on different languages has been considered in the article. The methods of replenishing the languages terminology due to the borrowings from the English language and creating computer terms with the help of translation have been shown. The influence of the globalization process on the Ukrainian language has been analyzed. The assessment of the other languages influences especially Russian and English on the Ukrainian language has been given in the article.
PL
Artykuł analizuje wpływ światowych procesów globalizacyjnych w dzie dzinie technologii komputerowych na różne języki. Pokazano metody uzupełniania terminologii komputerowej poprzez zapożyczenia z języka angielskiego i tworzenie owej leksyki za pomocą tłumaczenia. Analizowany jest wpływ procesu globalizacji na język ukraiński. W artykule przedstawiono ocenę wpływu innych języków, zwłaszcza rosyjskiego i angielskiego na język ukraiński.
UK
Artykuł analizuje wpływ światowych procesów globalizacyjnych w dzie dzinie technologii komputerowych na różne języki. Pokazano metody uzupełniania terminologii komputerowej poprzez zapożyczenia z języka angielskiego i tworzenie owej leksyki za pomocą tłumaczenia. Analizowany jest wpływ procesu globalizacji na język ukraiński. W artykule przedstawiono ocenę wpływu innych języków, zwłaszcza rosyjskiego i angielskiego na język ukraiński.
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