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2
Content available Wieloskalowe modelowanie rzeźby terenu
100%
PL
W artykule omówiono wybrane koncepcje generalizacji numerycznego modelu rzeźby terenu (NMT), ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem metody heurystycznej opartej na uogólnieniu linii strukturalnych terenu. Przedstawiono także zróżnicowane sposoby wyznaczania linii strukturalnych i ich znaczenie dla wieloskalowego modelowania rzeźby terenu oraz generalizacji NMT.
EN
In order to automatize the process of generalization of DTM (Digital Terrain Model) in TDB (Topographic Data Base), information about relief should be recorded in such a way, as to preserve real location of characteristic key forms and structure lines. Automatic generalization of DTM should involve generalization of database rather than graphic simplification of contour lines. Among the existing methods of DTM generalization one can distinguish various types of filtering (global, local) and heuristic approach based on a concept of generalization of structure lines. It uses digital operators in interactive cooperation between operator and the digital system. Here, generalization bases on the approximation of source SLM (structure line model) through the use of classic generalization methods such as, among others: magnification, deletion, combination, and simplification of single structure lines, followed by recomposition of secondary DTM basing on the resulting SLM. In the conducted research it was assumed, that for the composition of a hierarchical (multiscale) DTM basing on a generalization of significant morphological forms it is especially important to properly establish structure lines which constitute the topographic ..skeleton" of terrain. These lines were established basing on the existing topographic maps as well as on the analysis of TIN and GRID model. The aim was to see if it was possible to fully automatically determine structure lines basing on irregular (or regular) source data including no additional information on structural forms. Most algorithms which determine structure lines of relief basing on the regular model involve advanced analysis of potential surface flow accumulation. The research applied a modified D8 algorithm implemented in GM Grid 5,2 module, which is a functional extension of GeoMedia Professional package by Intergraph. To establish erosion network (drainage lines) it is vital to determine a threshold of accumulated flow, over which drainage network becomes a stream. Although the process is fully automatic, subjective setting of such threshold significantly varies the results. Authors of the concept of so-called extended Morse-Smale's decomposition (E. Danovaro L. DeFloriani, P. Magillo, M. Mesmoudi, E. Puppo 2003) claim that generalization of automatically determined structure lines allows for hierarchical DTM generalization, pre­serving significant topological relations. The research results do not support that hypothesis. Because the actual structure lines were not taken into consideration, in the process of standard Delaneuy's triangulation there appear triangles with edges crossing structure lines. It appears that although DTM generalization (or its hierarchical composition) can be successfully executed through the generalization of structure lines, the automatization of the process of determining these lines does not yield expected results. The need to determine structure lines through direct surveying, e.g. with photogrammetric techniques is therefore justified. Basing on thus determined ..skeleton" it is possible to properly generalize the model of relief, while preserving significant topological relations.
3
Content available remote Placemaking de Louis I. Kahn
86%
PL
Definiowany jako „tworzenie miejsc”, placemaking opiera się nie tylko na stosowaniu wyszukanego języka architektonicznego, ale również na harmonijnym połączeniu architektury z jej miejscem położenia. W twórczości Louisa I. Kahna, rola jaką w jego projektach odgrywa teren i otoczenie nie ogranicza się jedynie do wpływu na formę pojedynczych budowli, ale przyczynia się jednocześnie do rozwoju jego indywidualnej metody pracy. Rożne miejsca, lokalizacje, w których Kahn osadza swoje kolejne budowle stanowią źródło uniwersalnych refleksji związanych z wykonywaniem zawodu architekta. W ich efekcie Louis I. Kahn wypracował na przestrzeni swojej kariery szereg zasad projektowych, które nazwać możemy jego „narzędziami placemaking’u” i które nierozerwalnie składają się na jego metodę projektową.
FR
Défini comme «la fabrication des lieux», le placemaking repose non pas seulement sur un vocabulaire architectural recherché, mais aussi sur une union harmonieuse de l’architecture et du site. Pour Louis I. Kahn, le rôle que le territoire joue dans ses projets contribue aussi au développement de sa méthode. Les différents endroits dans lesquels il construit lui offrent une source des réflexions générales. Tout au long de sa carrière, Kahn élabore une série de principes que nous pouvons définir comme ses «outils» du placemaking et qui sont inhérents à sa méthode.
EN
The article "Public greenery as part of urban composition on the example of Wroclaw and Copenhagen," discusses the problem of the composition of urban landscape with particular reference to plant material in a relationship with the surrounding architecture. The introductory part presents the psychological and philosophical aspect of the above-mentioned theme, including an analysis and explanation of the terms "perception" and "space". Then there are mentioned spatial elements that affect the observer and their impact on the reception way of environment by people living in urban areas. The next chapter is the presentation of systems of green in the composition of the city and the introduction in the shaping of green in relation to architecture. There is raised a point of floors, walls and ceiling in the shaping of urban space and interiors and openings in the urban landscape. Summary is a presentation of examples of compositional-spatial solutions observed on areas of Wroclaw and Copenhagen.
5
Content available remote Some concepts of processing big spatial data sets
86%
EN
Observation sets generated by continuous-recording devices should be adjusted to the spatial data model included in the system before they are used for digital map compilation or creating databases of spatial information systems. The article presents some concepts and general assumptions of processing big sets of observations, applied for generation of digital terrain model and selecting points representing the shape of line features.
PL
Zbiory obserwacji generowane przez urządzenia o działaniu ciągłym wymagają wstępnego przetworzenia w celu dostosowania ich struktury i wielkości do tworzenia mapy numerycznej i planowanych funkcji systemów przestrzennych. W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję oraz ogólne założenia przetwarzania dużych zbiorów obserwacji, wykorzystywanych do generowania numerycznego modelu terenu i wyboru punktów reprezentujących kształt obiektów liniowych.
EN
It is possible to conect data for creation of DTM using different measurment technologies. The paper describes different technologies used for collection of data for creation of DTM. First the precise GPS RTK method with the use of GSM/GPRS transmission of corrections is presented. Precise RTK method is used for real time determination of horizontal and vertical coordinates of the points used in the model. This method is very precise and effective. Second method in our research was the photogrammetric method using photogrammetric digital station. Photogrammetric technology using measurements on stereo model from aerial photograph is an interesting alternative for RTK method. Finnaly classical tachimetric method of measurement is presented. This method is considered as the most reliable but also the most time consuming. All presented methods were used for DTM creation of the same test area. The comparisons of the methods and analyses are given in the paper. Conclusions and plans for the future work are presented.
PL
Autorzy proponują metodologię kalkulacji współczynników korygujących w procesie obliczania opłat czynszowych za wykorzystanie terenu. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy stworzono listę kształtujących ich wartość czynników: ogólnoekonomicznych i politycznych, czynników związanych ze statusem społeczno-ekonomicznym obszaru miejskiego oraz z zyskownością, a także charakterystyk fizycznych i położenia geograficznego działek. Autorzy, proponujący metodę wyceny intensywności zagospodarowania terenów, obliczyli współczynniki korygujące dla wyceny czynszów w mieście Iwanowo w Rosji. Wyniki wskazują, że metoda ta pozwala na ustalenie niższych współczynników korygujących, a zatem – niższych wartości czynszu w przypadku działek o znaczeniu społecznym, które nie generują przy tym znaczących zysków. Te same obliczenia pozwalają odnotować zwiększoną wielkość opłat czynszowych związanych z terenami przeznaczonymi pod obiekty handlowe, użyteczności publicznej, usługi konsumenckie, hotele oraz budynki gospodarczo-biznesowe.
EN
The authors propose a methodology to calculate corrective coefficients in the process of calculating rental fees for land use. Based on the analysis carried out, a list of factors affecting the value of the coefficients is presented: general economic and political factors, factors of the municipality’s socio-economic status, factors of profitability, physical characteristics, and the geographical location of the plots of land. The authors propose a methodology to evaluate land use intensity. The authors calculated corrective coefficients used to determine rental fees for land use in Ivanovo, Russia. According to the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the proposed methodology makes it possible to establish lower values of the corrective coefficients and, consequently, the rental fee amount for plots of land of social significance which do not yield significant profits. Based on the example of calculating corrective coefficients for land located in the city of Ivanovo, it is possible to note the increased amount of rental fees for land intended for the placement of trade facilities, public catering, consumer services, hotels, businesses and commercial buildings.
EN
The article contains information about the placement of one family housing (including summer houses) in Purda commune. Attention has been paid to the connection between the increased building movement, increase in the population and the transformation of the spatial structure of the village.
EN
Increasing human activity significantly influences the geographic environment. The effects of excessive anthropogenic pressure are manifested by changes in land cover and in landscape structure, and land cover changes can particularly well observed in river valleys. In this study we aimed to determine the transformations of land use in 13.9 sq km of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland, including parts of the city of Ruda Slaska and Mikolow County by analyzing changes in land cover that occurred from 1827-2012 and archival and contemporary topographic maps, and aerial photos were used as primary source materials. All materials were prepared with the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), using spatial analyses, such as kernel density and point density in order to define land cover structure changes. Results show the development of residential areas and the fragmentation of large structures that have occurred over the time period.
11
Content available remote Teren na współczesnym polu walki
72%
EN
The article attempts to answer the question what is the role of terrain on a contemporary battlefield. The conducted considerations have been preceded by a short characteristic of contemporary and hypothetical combat operations. The author stresses that in contemporary air-land operations carried out with strong fire-electronic actions. The success is achieved only the one who uses the terrain conditions in a full and appropriate way. There have been presented terrain components, tactical characteristics and their influence upon conducting combat operations. There has been also stressed the necessity to use widely the computer information systems in the terrain data collection process, their transformation and sending out with an appropriate speed and precision. This enables to take a correct decision. There is still a necessity to conduct terrain studies and to improve commanding staff to use the terrain effectively. Hypothetical combat operations will be carried out, first of all, on the territory of our country. This is an advantage which we cannot waste.
12
Content available remote Architektura w najmłodszej skali
72%
EN
Reliable estimation of mobility in harsh wetlands environment and development of guidelines for forming the structure of vehicles and machines running gear still remains an open issue. This paper presents the basic methods of determining the ability of overcoming ground of low bearing capacity by wheeled and tracked vehicles and their theoretical basics. For the evaluation of ability to overcome such ground the analytical methods were used - MMP method and VCI method, which take into account the value of maximum pressure and geometrical dimensions of running gear. Based on the available data their comparison, assessment of the credibility and usefulness during research on development of equipment operating in harsh terrain were performed. Moreover, taking into consideration the impact of running gear on the ground the division on technical, economic and ecological class of mobility was conducted.
PL
Wiarygodne oszacowanie możliwości poruszania się w trudnych warunkach wodno-błotnych oraz opracowanie wytycznych do kształtowania układów jezdnych pojazdów i maszyn stanowi nadal otwarty problem. W referacie przedstawiono podstawowe metody określania zdolności pokonywania terenu o niskiej nośności przez pojazdy kołowe i gąsienicowe oraz ich podstawy teoretyczne. Do oceny zdolności pokonywania takiego terenu wykorzystano metody analityczne - metodę średnich nacisków maksymalnych MMP i metodę VCI, które uwzględniają wartość nacisków maksymalnych i wymiary geometryczne układu jezdnego. Na podstawie dostępnych danych przeprowadzono ich porównanie, ocenę wiarygodności i przydatności podczas prac nad rozwojem sprzętu pracującego w trudnym terenie. Ponadto, uwzględniając oddziaływanie układów bieżnych pojazdów i maszyn na podłoże dokonano podziału na techniczną, ekonomiczną i ekologiczną klasę mobilności.
14
Content available remote Inwentaryzacja uzbrojenia terenu w systemie nakładek mapy zasadniczej
72%
PL
W pracy przedstawiono interpretacje mapy zasadniczej, klasycznej i numerycznej. Omówiono zasady pomiaru przewodów w odkrywkach terenowych oraz metodykę opracowania dokumentacji geodezyjnej, projektowanych urządzeń podziemnych i naziemnych, zgodnie z instrukcjami technicznymi.
EN
The paper presents basic interpretation, which concerns net data of sanitary, industrial and so on. There are map interpretation which infrastructure. Method of geodesic documentation of underground and overground are considered.
PL
Artykuł skupia się na problematyce kształtowania nowych rozwiązań użytkowych i plastycznych w istniejącym, różnorodnym środowisku zbudowanym. Do działań wybrano pięć lokalizacji: wielkopłytowe osiedle mieszkaniowe w Będzinie Warpiu, Elektrociepłownię Zawodzie w Częstochowie, zbiorniki wodne Rogoźnik I i Rogoźnik II, kamieniołom Blachówka w Suchej Górze oraz teren dawnej huty 1 Maja w Gliwicach. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie działań okołoprojektowych i projektowych podjętych dla tych lokalizacji w kontekście stworzenia nowych funkcji oraz poprawy ich jakości estetycznej. Artykuł powstał na podstawie obserwacji uczestniczącej autora w ramach artystycznego przedmiotu dydaktycznego kreacja przestrzenna - formy rzeźbiarskie w architekturze, prowadzonego na Wydziale Architektury Politechniki Śląskiej w Gliwicach.
EN
The article focuses on the issues of creating new functional and plastic solutions in the existing, diverse built environment. Five locations were selected for the activities: a pre-fabricated housing estate in Będzin Warpie, Zawodzie Heat and Power plant in Częstochowa, water reservoirs Rogoźnik I and Rogożnik II, the Blachówka quarry in Sucha Góra and the site of the former May 1 steelworks in Gliwice. The aim of the article is to present the design-related activities undertaken for these locations in the context of creating new functions and improving their aesthetic quality. The article was written on the basis of the author's participant observation as part of the artistic didactic subject Spatial Creation - Sculptural Forms in Architecture at the Faculty of Architecture of the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice.
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2023
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tom 123
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nr 3
74-88
EN
Though ethnodisciplines are defined by their research field, determining its limits seems to become more and more difficult nowadays. Displacements, discontinuities, hybridizations – we are much more likely to face these phenomena than a clearly defined space with a corresponding, clearly defined ethnos with its culture. However, questions regarding the research field remain important for the identity of ethnoresearchers and for the whole process of producing ethnoknowledge. This article is a methodological attempt to contemplate this issue. By analysing selected anthropological theories and confronting them with examples from her own research, the author tries to show that the research field exists where we are co-creating it. In her opinion, a conscious and planned activity engaging the researcher’s body and all of his or her senses, directed at building a relationship with people, sounds and space, may contribute to broadening the knowledge produced during field studies. By combining suggestions issued by anthropologists Tomasz Rakowski, Kirsten Hastrup and Jaida Kim Samudra with a musicological-philosophical approach presented by Christopher Small, the author offers a category of deep “musicking”. It encompasses participating in musical events, experiencing them on a physical and sensual level, and learning and sensing the continuously emerging musical phenomena. This results in forming a type of pre-textual and pre-sound knowledge which does not even have to be verbalized and conscious.
EN
The work presents a methodology of processing MODIS satellite images in order to obtain information on the degree of correlation and dependence between vegetation index NDVI and a percentage of a vegetation cover. The low resolution satellite image from MODIS scanner placed on AQUA satellite was used in the analysis and as a reference data – an image from Landsat TM satellite. The test area was Warsaw and its surroundings. The analysis allowed to obtain a function which defines the relation between NDVI index and a percentage of vegetation cover (R2 = 0,85) This analysis permitted to create vegetation cover maps of Masovian Voivodeship. The work proved the possibility of mapping land vegetation cover on the base of low resolution satellite images. That kind of a map can be used as a background material to carry out various types of environmental studies.
18
Content available Dlaczego energetyka jądrowa w Polsce?
58%
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2019
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tom z. 1
7--10
PL
Omówiono sytuację energetyczną Polski z punktu widzenia stopniowego zaprzestania wykorzystywania paliw kopalnych. Przedstawiono niezbędność energetyki jądrowej wobec niewystarczającego potencjału energetyki odnawialnej, zarówno do pokrycia zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną jak i ciepło, szczególnie w dużych miastach. Z punktu widzenia długiego czasu wdrażania nowych technologii, postuluje się natychmiastowe rozpoczęcie szkolenia kadr nauczycielskich, a w efekcie uświadamiania społeczeństwa, w zakresie wiedzy o korzyściach i zagrożeniach płynących z energetyki jądrowej, która jest nieunikniona.
EN
The Polish energy situation was discussed from the point of view of a gradual cessation of the use of fossil fuels. Presented is the necessity of nuclear energy in the face of the insufficient potential of renewable energy, both to meet the demand for electricity and heat, especially in large cities. From the point of view of a long time of implementation of new technologies, it is postulated to immediately start training teachers’ staff and, as a result, raise public awareness of the benefits and threats of inevitable nuclear energy.
XX
Johann Gottfried Borlach (born in 1687 in Dresden and deceased in 1768 in Kösen) is an outstanding person in various aspects and one of the most important people who operated in the area of the Cracow Saltworks in the modern era. Undeniably, Borlach contributed to raising the largest saltworks in the contemporary Republic of Poland from ruin. Borlach, initially hired as a surveyor, later held the prestigious function of the administrator of Cracow Saltworks. He introduced numerous innovations which greatly improved the functioning of the mine and, in particular, safety in the mine. The largest and the most significant projects of the Saxon engineer include work focusing on securing post-mining voids, introduction – on a large scale – of a comprehensive plan of dewatering the underground pits, improvement of transport of the extracted salt and ventilation of underground pits. It is also necessary to emphasise his contribution in the area of measurements; the best example in this respect is a set of maps of the Wieliczka mine and the city of Wieliczka. Another area of his activity was issuance of legal regulations for the functioning of the enterprise, including relations among individual employees. The second important part of the article is analysis of his accomplishments in the area of Saxony, i.e. his home country. This aspect is quite significant due to the fact that Polishlanguage publications stored in the Library and in the Archives of the Cracow Saltworks Museum Wieliczka do not devote too much attention to foreign activities of Borlach, focusing most often on listing three most important Saxon saltworks, without taking into account the important changes that he introduced in them, as well as mutual Polish and Saxon influences in this respect. To date, little has been written about the private life of the Saxon engineer, members of his closest family, early years, stages of education, ties with scientific circles, private interests and accomplishments before the period when he was appointed to the position of a surveyor in the Cracow Saltworks. This work takes into account all information in a degree permitted by the preserved and available historical records.
PL
Poduszkowcowy Nośnik Narzędzi (PNN) został zaprojektowany w PIMR w ramach Projektu Rozwojowego nr N R 03 0077 06/2009. Nowy pojazd jest przeznaczony do pracy na terenach wodno-błotnych i będzie wyposażony w szereg narzędzi i maszyn do cięcia trawy, trzcin, zakrzaczeń i zadrzewień na terenach Narodowych Parków, Natura 2000 itp. Szereg wirtualnych modeli PNN zostało opracowanych i przetestowanych w symulacyjnych badaniach i analizach Metodą Elementów Skończonych. Wyniki tych analiz były weryfikowane na podstawie wyników z badań rzeczywistego modelu PNN z narzędziami i maszynami. Nowe pojazdy powinny być mniej uciążliwe dla środowiska w porównaniu do pojazdów kołowych i gąsienicowych.
EN
Hovercraft Tools Carrier were designed by PIMR in R&D Research Projekt No. N R 03 0077 06/2009. New vehicle is dedicated for wetlands conservation and protection. It will be equipped with several tools and machines mainly for cutting grass, reeds, bushes and small trees in wetlands of National Parks, Natura 2000 etc. Several virtual models of Hovercraft Tools Carrier were designed and veryfied in simulation and FEM tests and analyses. Results of tests were compared with real models of new vehicles with specialised tools. New vehicles should be less harmful for land devastation comparing with wheeled and crawler type vehicles.
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