Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Selection of the Optimal Number of Teeth for a Biplanetary Bevel Gear Based on Discrete Optimization

100%

Deptula A. , Drewniak J. , Partyka M. A.

|

tom Vol. 42, No. 3

55--66

EN

This article presents the algorithm for the selection of the optimal number of teeth for a biplanetary bevel gear. This transmission device is mainly used in working parts of mining combines and agricultural machines as well as in differential mechanisms of complex mechanical drives. In the systematic search, we used an algorithm for generating induction decision trees, based on entropy growth as a method related to machine learning. A series of tests is performed in a sequence of trees. Other methods may be used, e.g. the „2-3 tree” method, the “digital search tree” or the “AVL tree method”.

2

Thermographic Analysis of Thermal Distribution in Human Teeth Based on Composite Fillings

100%

Ostapiuk M. , Wójcicka A. , Tarczydło J. , Sulima S. , Tarczydło B.

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 16, no 4

223--231

EN

Composite materials are used in dentistry to rebuild hard tissues of teeth, destroyed by caries disease. Composites intended for dental direct fillings are polymerized with visible light generated by polymerization lamps. The temperature changes during polymerization can be measured within method like thermography. The study used 20 molars without caries, removed from orthodontic indications, A thermal imaging camera was used to test the temperature distribution of composite materials during the polymerization process. The work was taken up about the possibility of imaging the temperature distribution during the polymerization process of composite fillings in human teeth tissues. Temperature distribution was analyzed at specific locations of tooth tissues, particularly in terms of heat migration towards pulp. At the sites of separation of tooth materials and tissues, an attempt was made to assess the hardness of fillings and tissues. It can be concluded that the temperature during test did not exceed 42 °C, at which the tooth pulp is damaged. During cooling, heat spreads through the filling, not through the tooth tissues. Bulkfill did not show a difference in fill hardness regardless of the distance of the light source but GC composite hardness depends on the distance of the light source.

3

Mechanical properties of human tooth approximated with overdamped oscillators

88%

Malinowska J. , Sowińska M. , Borgieł W.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2005

|

tom Vol. 7, nr 1

59-67

EN

Numerical calculations and analysis of the tension states in hard tissues of tooth are very interesting and important issues from the orthodontist's point of view. Orthodontic methods of treatment can have a dramatic effect on children's long-term dental health and facial appearance. Research done in this field shows that due to understanding mechanics of rnasticatory organ it IS possible to attain the intentional aim of therapy in shorter time and avoid to undesired complications. The behaviour of alveolodental ligament when the force was applied allows the authors to look at human tooth affected by damped harmonic oscillator. In this study, periodontograph was successfully achieved from harmonic oscillators properties.

4

88%

Pérez B. , Romero A. , Pérez-Pérez A.

Anthropological Review

|

2011

1-13

EN

Infants are thought to present a different buccal microwear pattern than adults and these, therefore, are generally analyzed separately. However, El-Zaatari & Hublin [2009] showed that occlusal texture in Neandertal and modern human juvenile populations did not differ from their elders. The microwear patterns of a sample of 193 teeth, corresponding to 61 individuals ofHomo heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensisand anatomically modern humans (AMH), were analyzed revealing that AMH infants up to 14 years old differ from older individuals in having fewer scratch densities, whereas the Neandertals have a much more variable microwear pattern. Age-at-death and dental age since emergence showed similar though somewhat diverging results, especially in the infant and subadult samples. Differences observed between the Neandertals and modern humans could be reflecting differential wearing patterns or distinct enamel structure and resistance to hard food items consumption. Interpopulation differences in striation densities were not apparent in either subadult or adult individuals, only adult Neandertals (26-45 yrs. old) showed fewer striations than the younger age groups. The AMH sample revealed a gradual cumulative pattern of striation density with age, suggestive of a non-abrupt change in diet.

PL

Policzkowe mikrostarcie zębów wykazuje charakterystyczne, trwałe i zależne od diety cechy. Na materiałach historycznych wykazano [Pérez-Pérezet al.1994], że w analizie trzeba uwzględniać również wiek osobnika, szczególnie u dzieci, które mają zarówno zęby mleczne, jak i świeżo wyrżnięte zęby stałe. W populacjach górnoplejstoceńskich zbadano jednak tylko mikrostarcie na zgryzowych powierzchniach zębów. Ostatnio El-Zaatari & Hublin [2009] stwierdzili brak związanych z wiekiem różnic w nierównościach szkliwa, i to zarówno w populacjach neandertalskich, jak i u człowieka anatomicznie nowoczesnego (AMH), wobec czego grupy reprezentowane zębami mlecznymi można analizować łącznie ze stałymi [Gamza 2010].Dla populacji historycznych wykazano, że wzór mikrostarcia stabilizuje się około 13 roku życia, niezależnie od zęba (m2, M1, M2). Nie próbowano jednak badać procesu tej stabilizacji u prehistorycznych łowców-zbieraczy. Celem tej pracy jest ustalenie, w jakim wieku wzór policzkowego mikrostarcia stabilizuje się u środkowo- i górnoplejstoceńskich osobników i przetestowanie różnic między wzorem mikrostarcia u dorosłych oraz u dzieci i osobników dorastających. Badana próba zawierała 836 wysokiej rozdzielczości odlewów zębowych, dostępnych na uniwersytecie w Barcelonie. Zęby należały do 174 osobników z trzech populacji:Homo heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensisiH. sapiens(AMH). Zęby, na których nie zachowało się policzkowe mikrostarcie lub od osobników o nieustalonym wieku wyeliminowano, podobnie jak wszystkie zęby przednie. Ostatecznie próba liczyła 193 zęby 59 osobników. Wiek zębowy od momentu wyrżnięcia obliczano za Skinnerem [1997]. Dla AMH wiek wyrzynania przyjmowano za Ubelakerem [1979] i Williamsem [2006], a dlaH. neanderthalensisiH. heidelbergensis- za Gramat & Heim [2003].Powierzchnie policzkowe zębów były skanowane SEM zgodnie ze standardową procedurą [Pérez-Pérezet al.2003, Galbanyet al.2009]. Z obrazów SEM wycięte zostały fragmenty szkliwa o powierzchni 0,56 mm2, na których zliczano rysy przy pomocy półautomatycznego oprogramowania. Uwzględniano gęstość, długość i odchylenie standardowe długości wszystkich zauważonych prążków w kategoriach ich orientacji (pionowe, poziome, mezjo-dystalne i dysto-mezjalne oraz wszystkich orientacji łącznie. Przedstawiana analiza dotyczy jednak tylko ogólnej gęstości prążkowania. W analizie statystycznej wykorzystano SPSS 15.Poniewaz gęstość prążkowania ma rozkład normalny, do porównań międzygrupowych zastosowano testy parametryczne (ANOVA). We wszystkich trzech badanych populacjach osobniki w wieku poniżej 5 lat wykazywały gęstość prążków podobną do osobników dorosłych. Choć u neandertalczyków w wieku 6-13 lat gęstość prążkowania wyraźnie malała, co mogło korespondować z wyrzynaniem się M1, w grupie AMH dzieci miały rzadsze prążki niż starsze osobniki i wykazywały ciągły wzrost gęstości z wiekiem. Zmienność mikrostarcia u osobników w wieku dziecięcym może być związana z procesem przechodzenia na pokarm stały, który u AMH polegał na stopniowym włączaniu do diety twardszych składników, jak również obróbki termicznej [Hadingham 1979, Pfeiffer 1986, Nakazawaet al.2009].Z tej pracy płyną następujące wnioski: Wzór policzkowego mikrostarcia jest charakterystyczny dla każdej populacji i odzwierciedla długotrwałe zwyczaje żywieniowe. Uwzględniać należy wiek w chwili śmierci, szczególnie dla osobników przed 13 rokiem życia. Przejście od diety dziecięcej na dorosłą mogło zachodzić stopniowo u AMH, podczas gdy u neandertalczyka wcześnie ujawnia się wzrost gęstości prążków, prawdopodobnie odzwierciedlając przechodzenie na dietę z produktami wywołującymi większą abrazję. Zmienność wewnątrzpopulacyjna - czasowa, geograficzna i klimatyczna - może oznaczać, że te czynniki mogły wpływać na dostępność różnych składników pokarmu.

5

In vitro examination of human teeth using ultrasound and X-ray diffraction

88%

Gawda H. , Sękowski L. , Trębacz H.

|

tom Vol. 6, nr 1

41-49

EN

The aim of this paper was to find whether an ultrasound velocity along a whole tooth reflects variety of its morphology and properties and to compare thc results of ultrasonic measuremcnts with X-ray diffraction data from a large area of tooth. 100 kHz pulses were transmitted in longitudinal direction of ectracted teeth. A significant variation of velocity in teeth from diffcrent donors was statwd (from 3200 m/s to 4200 m/s). The velocity was influenced both by the age of donors and the type of a tooth. For a given individual, the grcatest difference was revealed between incisors and canine teeth. Considering X-ray diffraction results, a difference in size of crystallites between teeth was found. In an enamel, the size of crystallites ranged from 20 nm to 50 nm, and in dentin - from 5.5 nm to 39 nm. The size of crystailites in dentin was positively correlated with the ultrasound velocity.

6

Fossil bear material from the oldest deposits in the Jasna Strzegowska cave (Silesia, southern Poland)

88%

Marciszak A. P. , Lipecki G.

|

tom Vol. 64, No. 4

861--875

EN

Fossil bear material from the lowermost deposits of the Jasna Strzegowska cave is described and its taxonomic status assessed. Comparison with bear remains from other Early and early Middle Pleistocene localities of Eurasia shows the presence of two bear species: Ursus etruscus and U. deningeri, based on morphological and size characters of the teeth and postcranial bones. The teeth of U. deningeri from the Jasna Strzegowska cave are larger, wider and have much more complicated occlusal surfaces when compared with the teeth of U. etruscus. Both bear species are characterized by relatively short and robust metapodials, although those of U. etruscus are on average less massive. Some differences in muscle attachments and articular surfaces have also been found. Metapodials of primitive arctoid bears, that co-occurred with U. etruscus and U. deningeri, are much longer and slimmer. U. etruscus and U. deningeri probably did not live in the Jasna Strzegowska cave at the same time. Based on its time range in Eurasia and morphological characteristics, the age of U. etruscus is estimated as Early Pleistocene, between 1.8-1.3 Ma. This is its first description from Poland, and the remains described are in size and morphology indistinguishable from material from other European localities. For U. deningeri, an early Middle Pleistocene age is suggested.

7

Mineralization of teeth and bones of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) from the Biśnik Cave, Southern Poland

75%

Rogóż A. , Sawłowicz Z. , Socha P. , Stefaniak K.

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 40, iss. 1/4

65--84

EN

The studied bones and teeth of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) come from the Biśnik Cave, located in the Częstochowa Upland (Southern Poland). The specimens originate from different geological layers formed since the Odra Glaciation (250–270 thousand years BP). The fossilized bones and teeth were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and INAA. They are built of recrystallized carbonate-rich apatite-(CaOH) and/or apatite-(CaOH). The teeth additionally contain some apatite-(CaF). The lack of collagen and minor REE contents suggest rapid burial and collagen decay in the early stage of diagenesis. The bones and teeth have only limited mineral infillings. In some teeth, Mn-Fe (hydroxy)oxides were found in the dentine canaliculi and in bones, some osteocyte lacunae contain Fe (hydroxy)oxides with admixture of Mn. In one bone specimen, calcite infillings are present in Haversian canals. The infillings formed during later stages of diagenesis and were succeeded by non-filled cracks.

8

Microstructural characteristics and seasonal growth patterns observed in Metoposaurus krasiejowensis teeth

75%

Weryński Ł. , Kędzierski M.

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 66, No. 3

art. no. 26

EN

The tooth microstructure of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis was studied to observe external morphology, internal microstructure (comprising dentine structure and directional porosity as possible predatory adaptations) and enamel/enameloid mineral composition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and thin-section inspection by light microscope enabled us to recognize a directional porosity in the tooth cross-sections, interpreted here as a part of the labyrinthodont structure displayed by temnospondyls and related groups. This network of canals is highly complicated and reveals a three-dimensional structure. The teeth present different cross-sections based on the distance from the tip, with a wide, circular, reinforced base and lateral compressed, directional cuspidal section with cutting edge. Interestingly, the internal structure observed in M. krasiejowensis teeth exhibit a peculiar variation of internal structure of temnospondyl teeth, as the convoluted canal-like structure seems to be irregular and appears in the upper section of teeth, while teeth bases show a regular structure with a pulpal cavity circled by pores. Furthermore, bands of incremental growth marks interpreted as Andresen lines, characterized by pronounced colour variation, were observed with strong implications for seasonal growth patterns in dentine. Additionally, a significant proportion (1.43–2.73%) of fluoride was observed as a component of enamel by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) point and mapping analyses, suggesting a fluorapatite mineralogy of enamel.

9

Fluoride concentration in teeth of the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) from areas of Poland industrially uncontaminated with fluoride compounds

75%

Palczewska-Komsa M. , Barczak K. , Grocholewicz K. , Buczkowska-Radlińska J. , Piotrowski P. R. , Sobolewska E. , Palczewska-Komsa M. , Barczak K. , Grocholewicz K. , Buczkowska-Radlińska J. , Piotrowski P. R. , Sobolewska E.

|

nr 1

10

Determination of chromium in human premolar teeth by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

75%

Malara P. , Kwapuliński J.

Chemia Analityczna

|

2005

|

tom Vol. 50, No. 2

481-486

EN

The chromium content in premolars taken from 43 healthy inhabitants of Ruda Śląska was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentration of chromium in teeth was 5.15š0.38 μg-1. The chromium content was significantly higher in women's teeth and correlated well with donor's age. Accuracy of the applied method was tested on certified reference material and equalled 3.01%.

PL

Metodą plomieniowej absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej oznaczono zawartość chromu w zębach przcdtrzonowych pochodzących od 43 zdrowych mieszkańców Rudy Śląskiej. Średnie stężenie chromu w zębach wynosiło 5,15 š 0.38 μg-1. Stężenie to było znacząco większe w zębach kobiet. Stwierdzono wysoką korelację pomiędzy stężeniem chromu w zębach a wiekiem osób badanych. Dokładność zastosowanej metody sprawdzono na certyfikowanym materiale odniesienia i wynosiła ona 3.01 %.

11

Biomineralogia zębów mumii egipskich

63%

Pawlikowski M.

|

2018

|

tom nr 25

51--65

PL

W dotychczasowej literaturze niewiele jest wiadomości dotyczących mineralogicznych badań zębów pochodzących ze starych cmentarzysk takich jak np. groby mumii egipskich. Prezentowana publikacja uzupełnia w zakresie badań mineralogicznych wiedzę dotycząca przyżyciowych i pośmiertnych zmian w zębach ludzi Starego i Nowego Państwa Egipskiego. Ukazuje ona zjawiska zachodzące w historycznych zębach, które są zbliżone do zjawisk współczesnych. Wykonano ją na kilkunastu zębach, prezentując w publikacji jedynie wybrane, szczególnie ciekawe zjawiska.

EN

In the literature so far, there has been little information on mineralogical studies of teeth from old cemeteries, such as the tombs of Egyptian mummies. This publication adds to the knowledge in the field of mineralogical studies regarding vital and posthumous changes in the teeth of the people of Old and New Kingdom of Egypt. It shows the phenomena occurring in historical teeth, which are similar to those occuring in modern times. The research was conducted on approximately a dozen teeth, and the publication presents only selected, particularly interesting phenomena.

12

„Gdy jeden uśmiech wywołuje tyle radości, warto zadbać o niego z Colgate”. Leksykalny obraz zębów i uśmiechu w opisach reklamowych pasty Colgate

63%

Smerecka H.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura

|

2021

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

124-139

EN

The article presents a lexical picture of teeth and smile based on the marketing descriptions of Colgate toothpastes. In the collected research material, the terms concerning teeth and smile were characterized and individual expressions related to the discussed nouns were analyzed. In addition, attention was paid to specific marketing tricks and stylistically diverse product descriptions. To sum up, it was emphasized that the manufacturers of toothpastes focus on advertising the pro-healthy functions of the product, convincing about the effectiveness and fast action of the product.

PL

W artykule przedstawiony został leksykalny obraz zębów oraz uśmiechu na podstawie opisów marketingowych past do zębów firmy Colgate. W zebranym materiale badawczym scharakteryzowano określenia dotyczące zębów i uśmiechu, a także dokonano analizy poszczególnych wyrażeń związanych z omawianymi leksemami. Zwrócono też uwagę na konkretne chwyty marketingowe oraz różnorodne stylistycznie opisy produktu. Podsumowując, zaakcentowano, że producenci past do zębów skupiają się na zareklamowaniu prozdrowotnych funkcji towaru, przekonują o skuteczności i szybkim działaniu produktu.

13

Analiza uwarunkowań decydujących o odporności szkliwa na zużycie. Część 1, Identyfikacja biologicznej i mechanicznej struktury szkliwa oraz jego ukształtowania na koronach zębów

63%

Herman M. , Ryniewicz A. M. , Ryniewicz W.

|

tom Vol. 13, no. 95

10--17

PL

W opracowaniu, na podstawie studium literaturowego oraz badań, przedstawiono uwarunkowania, które decydują o fenomenie odporności szkliwa na zużycie. W części pierwszej na podstawie doniesień piśmiennictwa oraz badań dokonano: analizy struktury klinicznie prawidłowego szkliwa i jego parametrów wytrzymałościowych, oceny rozkładu jego grubości na koronach zębów w poszczególnych grupach zębowych oraz analizy zużycia w warunkach obciążeń okluzyjno-artykulacyjnych w środowisku śliny. W części drugiej wykonano badania szkliwa zębów siecznych, przedtrzonowych i trzonowych klinicznie prawidłowych. Badania obejmowały ocenę stereometrii warstwy wierzchniej szkliwa z wykorzystaniem mikroskopii sił atomowych (AFM), wyznaczenie mikrotwardości warstwy wierzchniej z wykorzystaniem metody Oliver & Pharr oraz wyznaczenie odporności szkliwa na ściskanie w testach na maszynie wytrzymałościowej. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy i badań można wnioskować o wielokierunkowym przystosowaniu szkliwa do pełnionych funkcji.

EN

In the study based on literature review and research we presented factors determining a phenomenon of enamel resistance to wear. Based on data in literature and the research the following was made in part one: analysis of regular enamel structure and its performance parameters, assessment of enamel thickness on a dental crown in separate groups of teeth and analysis of wear in conditions of occlusal and articulatory loading in saliva environment. In part two, there were made examinations of enamel in clinically normal incisor, premolar and molar teeth. The examinations included the assessment of enamel superficial layer stereometry using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), determination of enamel superficial layer microhardness using Oliver & Pharr method, and determination of enamel compression strength using test machine. It can be concluded, based on conducted analysis and examinations that the enamel adaptation to its functions is many-sided.

14

Experimental evaluation of occlusal forces

63%

Chladek W. , Lipski T. , Karasiński A.

|

tom Vol. 3, nr 1

25-37

EN

The paper presents the results of measuring the occlusion forces in the group of 163 subjects being tested. In the research, the method based on the dependence of the plastic deformity and force intending the spherical penetrator upon each other in a metal sample was implemented. The results obtained allowed us to estimate the distribution of occlusion forces along the alveolar ridge and to define the dimensions of the maximum forces applied, while biting and gnawing. The biting force between the first incisors for different angles of parting mandible was also measured.

15

Chondrichthyan microfossils from the Famennian and Tournaisian of Armenia

63%

Ginter M. , Hairapetian V. , Grigoryan A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2011

|

tom Vol. 61, no. 2

153-173

EN

The assemblages of chondrichthyan microremains from the Famennian of Armenia show great resemblances to those from central Iran. Particularly, the very rich sample (almost 200 teeth) from the lower Famennian of Ertych contains a fauna similar to that from the Iranian section of Hutk, and the sample from the upper Famennian of Khor Virap has its counterpart in the sample from Dalmeh, Iran. Only one chondrichthyan taxon definitely unknown from Iran, Ertychius intermedius gen. et sp. nov., was recorded. The other newly described species, Lissodus lusavorichi sp. nov., was noted earlier from Dalmeh, but at that time was left unnamed. It appears that the same type of relatively shallow marine environment predominated in the central and north-western parts of the Iranian Platform during the Famennian and that in a given time-interval the same type of ichthyofauna was distributed throughout the area. The single lower Tournaisian sample from the Sevakavan section yielded a peculiar form of thrinacodont teeth, possibly intermediate between Thrinacodus tranquillus and Th. ferox.

16

Equine masticatory organ. Part III

63%

Kuryszko J. K. , Łyczewska-Mazurkiewicz S.

|

tom Vol. 6, nr 1

25-30

EN

The masticatory system, which is also referred to as the stomatognathic system, consists of the temporomandibular joints, dentoalveolar apparatus, dentodental junctions and the neuromuscular complex. This articlc prcsents the relations between various joints under both physiological and pathological conditions.

17

Isolated pliosaurid teeth from the Albian-Cenomanian (Cretaceous) of Annopol, Poland

51%

Madzia D. , Machalski M.

|

2017

|

tom Vol. 67, no. 3

393--403

EN

Brachauchenine pliosaurids were a cosmopolitan clade of macropredatory plesiosaurs that are considered to represent the only pliosaurid lineage that survived the faunal turnover of marine amniotes during the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition. However, the European record of the Early to early Late Cretaceous brachauchenines is largely limited to isolated tooth crowns, most of which have been attributed to the classic Cretaceous taxon Polyptychodon. Nevertheless, the original material of P. interruptus, the type species of Polyptychodon, was recently reappraised and found undiagnostic. Here, we describe a collection of twelve pliosaurid teeth from the upper Albian–middle Cenomanian interval of the condensed, phosphorite-bearing Cretaceous succession at Annopol, Poland. Eleven of the studied tooth crowns, from the Albian and Cenomanian strata, fall within the range of the morphological variability observed in the original material of P. interruptus from the Cretaceous of England. One tooth crown from the middle Cenomanian is characterized by a gently subtrihedral cross-section. Similar morphology has so far been described only for pliosaurid teeth from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Even though it remains impossible to precisely settle the taxonomic distinctions, the studied material is considered to be taxonomically heterogeneous.

18

Pelagic chondrichthyan microremains from the Upper Devonian of the Kale Sardar section, eastern Iran

51%

Hairapetian V. , Ginter M.

|

tom Vol. 60, no. 3

357-371

EN

An assemblage of fifteen taxa of chondrichthyan microremains from late Frasnian through late Famennian pelagic deposits of the Kale Sardar section, eastern Iran, is described. Several taxa (Phoebodus bifurcatus, Phoebodus sophiae and Protacrodus vetustus) are reported for the first time from Iran. The presence of Deihim mansureae and Ph. sophiae in the Late rhenana to linguiformis Zones and Phoebodus rayi in the early triangularis Zone of the Kale Sardar section, provides new biostratigraphic information. The late Frasnian part of the assemblage corresponds to the faunas from the intrashelf basins of central europe, and the middle.late Famennian part is comparable to that from the tafilalt Platform of Morocco.

19

Zastosowanie LA ICP MS w badaniach antropologicznych : określenie wieku zmiany diety na podstawie rozmieszczenia przestrzennego strontu i baru w historycznych zębach ludzkich

44%

Kołodziej M. , Walas S. , Tylko G. , Głąb H. , Szostek K. , Telk A. , Miliszkiewicz N.

|

tom nr 4

48--53

PL

Technika LA ICP MS umożliwiła oznaczenie strontu i baru w zębach historycznych, a dokładniej mówiąc - w określonych rejonach szkliwa tych zębów.

20

Wspolczesne poglady na znaczenie weglowodanow w zachowaniu zdrowia

26%

Gurr M. I. , Szponar L.

|

nr 3

230-243