Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Defensive actions of world top judoists

100%

Boguszewski D.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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tom 27

111-122

EN

The objective of this work was to define and determine the effectiveness of defensive actions applied in judo fighting. The study was based on recordings of final fights from Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cup (2005-2008). Actions of female and male contestants participating in total of 56 fights were analyzed (to an accuracy of 10-second-periods of time). All actions, including attacks, counter-attacks and defense without counter-attack, were recorded and their effectiveness, preparatory actions, breaks and the referees' decisions were evaluated. Altogether fights of 95 contestants were subjected to analysis. According to the author's classification of defensive actions, 12 types of defense without counter-attack were defined as follows: (1) hand block, (2) hip block, (3) maneuvering around, (4) twist onto abdomen, (5) hand and hip block, (6) hand block and maneuvering around, (7) stepping aside, (8) separation from grasp, (9) leaving the mat, (10) leg entanglement, (11) bridge, (12) return to tachi-waza (escape from ne-waza). Types of defense most often applied according to the study - hand block and twist onto abdomen - were the least effective (93% and 70% respectively). Ashi-waza and te-waza were throws most often applied as counter-attack. However, sutemi-waza throws were most effectively (50%) applied. Highly effective counter-attacks (28%) should serve as a clue for coaches and athletes at the competitive level. The rules set forth by professor Jigoro Kano (among others: "give up in order to win") may not be adequate for today's competition.

2

The psychophysiological status of the handball players in pre-competitive period correlated with the reactions of autonomic nervous system

100%

Tyshchenko V. , Lisenchuk G. , Odynets T. , Pyptiuk P. , Bessarabova O. , Galchenko L. , Dyadechko I.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2020

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tom 34

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nr 1

40-46

EN

Introduction The aim of the study was to analyze the changes in the indices of the autonomic nervous system and the adaptive capacity of Ukrainian Super League handball players prior to significant competitions. Material and methods This research involved 39 handball players from the Ukrainian Super League aged 18–22 years old. The study examined the overall tone of the autonomic nervous system (ANS ) measuring electrodermal activity of the athletes. Reactivity of the ANS of players was monitored by the method of R. Baevskyy, the efficiency of competitive activity in handball was analyzed by the integral index of technical and tactical handball skills. Results Before the competition, the reaction in the sympathoadrenal system was launched for vagotonics as the intended response to the upcoming games. The measured indicators marked mental stress and activation of the sympathoadrenal system for the sympathotonics group. The аtonics group provided the emotional ground due to the balanced influence of para- and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Conclusions The index of functional changes in all participants detected a satisfactory level of adaptation. The highest sympathetic activity was observed for аtonics, the lowest – for vagotonics. The best results were documented for athletes who did not have autonomic dysfunction and those who had a slight predominance of the sympathetic component of the autonomic regulation.

3

Performance Diagnostic in Cross-Country Skiing

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Gasser B. A. , Hoppeler H. H.

Human Movement

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2015

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tom 16

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nr 2

83-87

EN

Purpose. Recreational cross-country skiers can benefit from a performance diagnostic when planning a training program. The aim of this study was to establish a simple test protocol to measure endurance capacity and provide training recommendations. Methods. The relationship between endurance performance and cross-country skiing technique was assessed using two tests. First, a lactate threshold test whereby running speed was determined on a treadmill at 4 mmol/l blood lactate concentration. Second, participants completed a variation of the Cooper test using skating technique on flat terrain to determine the distance covered in 12 min and maximum heart rate. Results. There was a correlative (r = 0.18 respectivelly R2 = 0.43) relationship of between the distance covered in the Cooper test and treadmill running speed at 4 mmol/l blood lactate concentration. Conclusions. The two tests allow recreational athletes to rank themselves with regards to their endurance capacity within a population. The relationship between distance covered and maximum heart rate can indicate whether future training should focus on technical or physical improvement.

4

Effect of Leg Dominance on The Center-of-Mass Kinematics During an Inside-of-the-Foot Kick in Amateur Soccer Players

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Zago M. , Motta A. F. , Mapelli A. , Annoni I. , Galvani C. , Sforza C.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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tom 42

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nr 1

51-61

EN

Soccer kicking kinematics has received wide interest in literature. However, while the instep-kick has been broadly studied, only few researchers investigated the inside-of-the-foot kick, which is one of the most frequently performed techniques during games. In particular, little knowledge is available about differences in kinematics when kicking with the preferred and non-preferred leg. A motion analysis system recorded the three-dimensional coordinates of reflective markers placed upon the body of nine amateur soccer players (23.0 ± 2.1 years, BMI 22.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2), who performed 30 pass-kicks each, 15 with the preferred and 15 with the non-preferred leg. We investigated skill kinematics while maintaining a perspective on the complete picture of movement, looking for laterality related differences. The main focus was laid on: anatomical angles, contribution of upper limbs in kick biomechanics, kinematics of the body Center of Mass (CoM), which describes the whole body movement and is related to balance and stability. When kicking with the preferred leg, CoM displacement during the ground-support phase was 13% higher (p<0.001), normalized CoM height was 1.3% lower (p<0.001) and CoM velocity 10% higher (p<0.01); foot and shank velocities were about 5% higher (p<0.01); arms were more abducted (p<0.01); shoulders were rotated more towards the target (p<0.01, 6° mean orientation difference). We concluded that differences in motor control between preferred and non-preferred leg kicks exist, particularly in the movement velocity and upper body kinematics. Coaches can use these results to provide effective instructions to players in the learning process, moving their focus on kicking speed and upper body behavior

5

Samostatná činnosť žiakov, prostriedok rozvoja technického myslenia a technických schopností v predmete technika

75%

ŠOLTÉS J.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2016

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tom 7

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nr 4

151-157

SK

Súčasná moderná doba vyžaduje, aby sa v rámci vyučovacieho procesu využívali nielen klasické vyučovacie metódy, ale aj netradičné metódy, postupy a prostriedky, ktoré dokážu žiakov aktivizovať k samostatnej práci a k hľadaniu vhodných riešení problémov, zároveň podporujú rozvoj logického, analytického a tvorivého myslenia. Samostatná práca, ako edukačný prostriedok má výrazný vplyv na prejav a rozvoj ich aktivity, samostatnosti a tvorivosti. Je pravda, že samostatná práca ponúka žiakom rôzne možnosti, čo však neznamená, že každý žiak bude na dané ponuky reagovať rovnako podnetne. Pre pedagogickú prax to znamená nachádzať vzťahy medzi uplatnením samostatnej práce, štýlom učenia sa žiaka a na základe získaných skúseností určiť, resp. zhodnotiť pedagogické situácie, v ktorých bude pôsobiť, ako prostriedok rozvoja technického myslenia a technických schopností žiakov.

EN

Contemporary modern times require that there are not only traditional teaching methods used within the educational process, but also non-traditional methods, procedures and instruments that can mobilize students to work independently and to seek appropriate solutions to problems while supporting the development of logical, analytical and creative thinking. Independent work as an educational resource has a significant effect on the expression and development of their activities, independence and creativity. It is true that independent work offers students a variety of options, but that does not mean that every student will respond to the educational stimuli as well as incen-tivized. For teaching practice, this means finding the relations between usage of independent work and student learning styles. And, based on experience gained, to determine (i.e. evaluate) educa-tional situations in which it will act as a means of developing the technical thinking and technical skills of students.

6

Nové prístupy k technickému vzdelávaniu

63%

DUCHOVIČOVÁ M.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2013

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tom 4

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nr 1

26-30

SK

Príspevok vznikol ako výstup riešenia výskumnej úlohy UGA č. UKF IV/19/2013 – Celoživotné vzdelávanie odborných technických predmetov. Príspevok sa zaoberá problematikou technického vzdelávania učiteľov, ktorého cieľom je získanie základnej prípravy v oblasti kľúčových kompetencií. Dôraz je kladený na vzdelávanie učiteľov vyučujúcich odborné technické predmety na základných školách.

EN

The paper deals with the issues technical learning teachers, the main purpose is to obtain basic training in key skills. Emphasis is placed on training teachers of vocational technical subjects in primary schools.

7

Vzdelávanie učiteľov odborných technických predmetov v Slovenskej Republike

51%

DUCHOVIČOVÁ M.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2012

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tom 3

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nr 1

297-302

SK

Príspevok vznikol ako výstup riešenia výskumnej úlohy KEGA č. 035UKF- 4/2012 Program rozvoja priestorovej predstavivosti žiakov nižšieho sekundárneho vzdelávania. Príspevok sa zaoberá problematikou celoživotného vzdelávania učiteľov, ktorého cieľom je získanie základnej prípravy v oblasti kľúčových kompetencií a získavanie mäkkých zručností pre efektívnu sociálnu komunikáciu. Dôraz je kladený na vzdelávanie učiteľov vyučujúcich odborné technické predmety na základných školách

EN

The paper deals with the issues lifelong learning teachers, the main purpose is to obtain basic training in key skills and the acquisition of soft skills needed for effective social communication. Emphasis is placed on training teachers of vocational technical subjects in primary schools.

PL

W artykule omówiono kwestie ustawicznego kształcenia nauczycieli. Głównym celem przedstawionego tu systemu kształcenia był rozwój kluczowych umiejętności tzw. „miękkich” niezbędnych do skutecznej komunikacji społecznej. Szczególny nacisk w treści artykułu połoŜono na kształcenie kompetencji zawodowych nauczycieli zajęć technicznych w szkołach podstawowych.