Liquid crystal filled polymer structure (LiCFiPS) devices consist of a polymer structure, which performs the desired spatial phase modulation of the incident light, filled with liquid crystal to permit modulation of this optical function. Potentially fabrication of this type of device may be carried out at very low cost using established polymer hot rolling or embossing techniques. Devices incorporating complex polymer structures as the diffractive element will inevitably have liquid crystal aligned at varying orientations to the surface. Switchable gratings with the liquid crystal aligned in the plane of the grating but either parallel or perpendicular to the grating rulings have been investigated as the two extremes of alignment. Good quality optical switching has been achieved for parallel aligned devices, however devices with the liquid crystal aligned perpendicular to the grating lines tend to show defects and inhomogeneities. While such devices might not offer the ultimate versatility of matrix addressed SLM devices they do offer electronic control of diffractive optical devices at very low cost.
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