Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The strength of lower limbs in elite gymnasts and swimmers

100%

Wiazewicz A. , Wisniowski W. , Sacewicz T. , Czajka M.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2020

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tom 29

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nr 1

2

Free carnitine content in urine of top Polish swimmers before and after 21-days of supplementation

100%

Przybylski S.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1999

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tom 08

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nr 5

3

Can concurrent teaching promote equal biomechanical adaptations at front crawl and backstroke swimming?

86%

Costa M. J. , Barbosa T. M. , Morais J. E. , Miranda S. , Marinho D. A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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tom Vol. 19, no. 1

81--88

EN

Purpose: The biomechanical adaptations in front crawl and backstroke swimming, as influenced by the implementation of a concurrent teaching programme were analysed. Methods: Sixteen participants (19.75 ± 1.13 years) underwent a 30 weeks intervention characterized by an increasing complexity to accomplish motor skills in the following order: (i) lower limbs propulsion; (ii) lower limbs propulsion synchronized with breathing cycle; (iii) lower limbs propulsion synchronized with one upper limb action; (iv) lower limbs propulsion synchronized with both breathing cycle and one upper limb action; (v) full swimming stroke; (vi) motor trajectory of the arms stroke. Performance and biomechanics were measured at front crawl and backstroke during three time points throughout the programme. Results: There were improvements in performance over time at front crawl (21.49 s to 19.99 s, p < 0.01) and backstroke (27.15 s to 24.60 s, p = 0.01). Significant improvements were found for velocity at front crawl (1.13 m/s to 1.22 m/s, p < 0.01) and backstroke (0.92 m/s to 1.00 m/s, p < 0.01). Stroke frequency increased at backstroke (0.64 to 0.73 Hz, p = 0.01), while the intra-cyclic variation of the velocity decreased at front crawl (0.13 to 0.12%, p = 0.02). There was also a moderate-high inter-subject variability in response to the programme. Conclusions: These findings prove that a programme of 30 weeks teaching concurrently front crawl and backstroke is effective to promote similar biomechanical adaptations in low-tier swimmers. However, each subject shows an individual response to better adapt the biomechanical actions and to reach a higher level of expertise.

4

Comparison of selected morphological, rheological and biochemical parameters of winter swimmers’ blood at the end of one winter swimming season and at the beginning of another

86%

Teleglow A. , Marchewka J. , Tabarowski Z. , Rembiasz K. , Glodzik J. , Scislowska-Czarnecka A.

Folia Biologica

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 3

5

Rating training load of disabled swimmers in general preparation sub-period

86%

Bolach B. , Seidel W. , Mrozkowiak M.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2020

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tom 31

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nr 3

6

Factor structure of swimmers for evaluating endurance and predicting 5000-m indoor and open water swimming performance

86%

Vural F. , Ozkol M. Z. , Aksit T.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

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2019

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tom 11

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nr 2

7

Muscle Strength and Power of Elite Female and Male Swimmers

86%

Buśko K. , Gajewski J.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2011

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tom 3

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nr 1

13-18

EN

Background: The aim of the study was to examine gender differences in the maximal power and height of rise of the body mass centre, measured in ACMJ (akimbo counter movement jump), BCMJ (bounce counter movement jump) and CMJ (counter movement jump) and maximal muscle torque in elite swimmers who have a similar training load during the season.Material/Methods: Eight male and eight female elite swimmers competing at the international level took part in the study. The maximal power and height of rise of the body mass center were measured at ACMJ, BCMJ and CMJ jumps performed on a dynamometric platform. Maximal muscle torques of elbow, shoulder, knee, hip and trunk flexors and extensors were measured under static conditions on a special stand.Results: Only differences in relative muscle torque of flexors of the left and the right hip, flexors and extensors of the right knee and flexors and extensors of the trunk, the sum of relative muscle torque of the trunk and relative maximal power output measured during BCMJ were not significant between the female and male competitors, while statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in all the remaining variables of physical performances.Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrate that the male swimmers had much better performance than the female swimmers of comparable physical conditions, but when the results were calculated per body mass, gender differences in some the values were insignificant.

8

The assessment of aerobic physical capacity in young swimmers

86%

Lubkowska W. , Troszczynski J.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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tom 02

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nr 2

EN

The purpose of this paper was to confront some selected physiological parameters that describe aerobic capacity with young swimmers’ sports achievements. For the study, some athletes with the average age of 14.67, who train swimming at the SMS Szczecin Club, were selected. A progressive test of their oxygen power was performed in order to determine their aerobic capacity, with the means of the European Ranking (LEN). Each swimmer’s sports level was presented in points [pts.]. The swimmers’ characteristics were presented as divided into three groups: (S) – short-distance specialization, (M) – medium-distance specialization and (L) – longdistance specialization. In group (S), maximum oxygen consumption – VO2max [l/min] achieved the levels of 3.95 [l/min] (male swimmers) and 2,77 [l/min] (female swimmers); in group (M) – 4.12 [l/min] and 2.97 [l/min], respectively; and in group (L) – 4.14 [l/min] and 3.338 [l/min]. Among male swimmers, level of VO2max [ml/kg/min] equaled 58.96 – group (S), 59.72 – group (M) and 62.10 – group (L); while among female swimmers it reached 48.67 (S), 49.36 (M) and 54.60 (L), respectively. The recorded values of VO2max [ml/kg/min] qualify the young swimmers to the group of people with a very high physical capacity. Our selection of Szczecin’s athletes to individual groups proved to be correct. The considerations presented in the paper bring one’s attention to the substantive quality of the intake and selection of swimmers. In the selection, it is necessary to take such physiologic rates as VO2max or VO2/HR into consideration.

9

Comparative characteristics of functional capability of 11-12 year-old swimmers connected with their gender and possibilities of its improvement

86%

Golovkina V. , Salnukowa S.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna

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2018

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tom 17

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nr 1

EN

In the initial stages of the long-term swimmers’ training, the age-related functional capability of athletes should be taken into account. The improvement of young swimmer’ skills should be done in terms of an integrated approach to the promotion of physical fitness. The article presents the results of the study of aerobic and anaerobic capacity of 11–12-year-old swimmers under the condition of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), the maximum amount of external mechanical work for 10s (VanT10), 30s (VanT30), 60s (MKMMD). For the scientific substantiation of the expediency of implementing the method of interval hypoxic training and elements of aquafitness in the training process of 11–12 year-old swimmers, it is necessary to investigate the indexes of functional preparedness of 11–12 year-old swimmers, depending on their gender. It has been found out that the level of aerobic productivity of the boys’ bodies equals “good”, and the girls’ – “excellent” according to Y.P. Pyarnat. Elements of aquafitness and interval hypoxic training are recommended to be applied to improving aerobic and anaerobic capacity of swimmers at the stage of initial basic training.

PL

W początkowym okresie długofalowego treningu pływaków i pływaczek należy uwzględnić wydolność czynnościową zawodników związaną z wiekiem. Poprawę umiejętności młodych pływaków i pływaczek należy osiągać poprzez zintegrowane podejście do sprawności fizycznej. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wydolności w aerobiku i anaerobiku jedenasto- i dwunastoletnich pływaków i pływaczek w warunkach maksymalnego zużycia tlenu (VO2max), maksymalnego zewnętrznego wysiłku przy pracy mechanicznej przez 10 s (VanT10), 30 s (VanT30), 60 s (MKMMD). W celu uzasadnienia praktycznych korzyści zastosowania metody przerywanego treningu w warunkach hipoksji (interwal hypoxic training) z elementami aquafitnessu w cyklu treningowym jedenasto- i dwunastoletnich pływaków i pływaczek konieczne jest zbadanie wskaźników przygotowanej wydolności czynnościowej jedenasto- i dwunastoletnich pływaków i pływaczek, w zależności od ich płci. Stwierdzono, że – według Y.P. Pyarnata – poziom wydajności organizmów chłopców można określić jako „dobry”, a dziewcząt jako „doskonały”. Elementy aquafitnessu oraz przerywanego treningu w warunkach hipoksji zaleca się stosować w celu poprawienia wydolności aerobicznej i anaerobicznej pływaków i pływaczek w początkowym etapie treningu podstawowego.

10

Opinions and attitudes of recreational swimmers from Kosice to other sport activities

72%

Matus I. , Labudova J.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna

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2016

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tom 15

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nr 3

EN

Regular physical activity positively affects the entire organism and also the vitality of the human body. The aim of our study was to analyse the attitude of recreational swimmers to other sports activities. The research group involved 55 participants from Košice (35 men aged 34±11,7 and 20 women aged 33±10,7). As a research method, we used a questionnaire with mostly closed questions. The answers of recreational swimmers suggest a positive finding that recreational swimming inspires them to practice also other sports activities. Most of the recreational swimmers practice other sports activities that are not organized but they do other sports activity 1–5 times per week. The men prefer and practice more sports activities per week than women (p <0,05). The participants mostly practice cycling, running, men also play football and hockey, wheres women practice fitness and dance. Most of the participants would like to do more activities but they are limited by lack of free time and specifically women are limited by family care (p <0,05). All the participants practice other sports activities because of their own need, whilst women chose to maintain appropriate body weight and good figure as the significant reasons for practicing the sports activity. In general, we can conclude that recreational swimmers, who practice swimming 1–2 times per week and also practice 1–5 times per week other sports activities, have enough physical activity positively influencing their health and physical condition.

PL

Regularna aktywność fizyczna pozytywnie wpływa na cały organizm, jak również na witalność ludzkiego ciała. Celem naszego badania było zanalizowanie nastawienia osób pływających rekreacyjnie do innych czynności sportowych. Badaniem objęto grupę 55 mieszkańców Koszyc (35 mężczyzn w wieku 34±11,7 lat, oraz 20 kobiet w wieku 33±10,7 lat). Zastosowaną metodą badawczą był kwestionariusz zawierający głównie pytania szczegółowe. Odpowiedzi udzielone przez osoby pływające rekreacyjnie sugerują pozytywne stwierdzenie, że pływanie rekreacyjne pobudza ich do uprawiania również innych dyscyplin sportu. Większość pływających rekreacyjnie uprawia inne, niezorganizowane, zajęcia sportowe 1–5 razy w tygodniu. Mężczyźni uprawiają w tygodniu więcej dyscyplin sportowych niż kobiety (p <0,05). Uczestnicy przeważnie uprawiają kolarstwo i bieganie, mężczyźni grają w piłkę nożną i w hokeja, natomiast kobiety uczęszczają na fitness i tańce. Większość uczestników chciałaby brać udział w jeszcze innych zajęciach, ale są ograniczani przez brak wolnego czasu oraz – szczególnie kobiety – przez obowiązki domowe (p<0,05). Wszyscy uczestnicy uprawiają inne dyscypliny sportu ze względu na własne potrzeby, natomiast kobiety wybierają te, które pomagają im utrzymać odpowiednią wagę ciała i zgrabną figurę, co jest ważnym argumentem na rzecz uprawianego przez nie sportu. Uogólniając, można wnioskować, że osoby uprawiające pływanie rekreacyjne 1–2 razy w tygodniu oraz biorące udział w innych zajęciach sportowych 1–5 razy w tygodniu zażywają wystarczającą dawkę aktywności fizycznej pozytywnie wpływającą na ich zdrowie i warunki fizyczne.

11

Analysis of wall shear stress around a competitive swimmer using 3D Navier-Stokes equations in CFD

72%

Popa C. V. , Zaidi H. , Arfaoui A. , Polidori G. , Taiar R. , Fohanno S.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2011

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tom Vol. 13, no. 1

3-11

EN

This paper deals with the flow dynamics around a competitive swimmer during underwater glide phases occurring at the start and at every turn. The influence of the head position, namely lifted up, aligned and lowered, on the wall shear stress and the static pressure distributions is analyzed. The problem is considered as 3D and in steady hydrodynamic state. Three velocities (1.4 m/s, 2.2 m/s and 3.1 m/s) that correspond to inter-regional, national and international swimming levels are studied. The flow around the swimmer is assumed turbulent. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved with the standard k-u turbulent model by using the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) numerical method based on a volume control approach. Numerical simulations are carried out with the ANSYS FLUENTŽ CFD code. The results show that the wall shear stress increases with the velocity and consequently the drag force opposing the movement of the swimmer increases as well. Also, high wall shear stresses are observed in the areas where the body shape, globally rigid in form, presents complex surface geometries such as the head, shoulders, buttocks, heel and chest.

12

Ergogenic effects of dietary nitrates in female swimmers

72%

Pospieszna B. , Wochna K. , Jerszynski D. , Goscinna K. , Czapski J.

Trends in Sport Sciences

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2016

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tom 23

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nr 1

EN

Introduction.A diet enriched with inorganic nitrates by increasing nitrite plasma levels, has been described to benefit exercise performance, blood pressure, endothelial function, and other body functions. It was also proven that additional dietary polyphenols, e.g. red wine or fruits such as strawberries, currants and berries, significantly stimulate the NO₃⁻ – NO₂⁻ – NO metabolic pathway. Aim of Study. A double-blind crossover study was performed to evaluate the influence of 8-day nitrate-rich (5.1 mmol NO₃⁻ ) juice supplementation (C – carrot juice versus B/A – beetroot juice with chokeberry addition) on blood pressure and exercise tolerance in female swimmers. Material and Methods. Eleven female swimmers volunteered for the study (age 20.9 ± 1.3 years). A two-part freestyle swimming exercise test was performed: the anaerobic part consisting of six 50 meter maximal sprints, and the endurance part consisting of an 800 meter continuous swim. Blood Pressure (BP) and Heart Rate (HR) at rest, performance time of all the distances, and peak HR after both test parts were assessed. Results. There were no significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate at rest between two measurement terms. Improvements in 50 meter sprint performance were noted in later repetitions (3-6) of the anaerobic part of the test, and they were more pronounced after B/A juice supplementation. The significant increase in the 800 meter freestyle swim performance was obtained after consuming both juices. However, during C juice supplementation this improvement was accompanied by a significant increment in peak heart rate. Conclusions. 8-day supplementation with beetroot juice with chokeberry addition increases exercise tolerance in both, repeated, maximal and endurance swims. Ergogenic effects of carrot juice with a high nitrate content seem to be possible in young female swimmers, but they still require further research.

13

Effectiveness of the power and speed dry-land training in female swimmers aged 15–16

72%

Guzik-Kopyto A. , Nowakowska-Lipiec K. , Nocoń A. , Gzik M. , Michnik R.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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tom Vol. 23, no. 2

13--21

EN

Purpose: This work aimed to define the impact of the introduction of power and speed dry-land training in female swimmers aged 15–16 on the rise of time results at a distance of 200 m and on the increase of the strength level of the muscle groups in the elbow joint. Method: The investigations were conducted on a group of 28 junior female swimmers: group 1 (aged 13–14) with speed and endurance training based on “water” exercises; group 2 (aged 15–16) with extra power and speed dry-land training. The following parameters were analyzed: time results, the moments of muscle forces in the elbow joint at the extension and flexion movements in isokinetic conditions and the ratio of the values of moments of muscle forces of flexors in relation to extensors. Results: Statistically significant differences between groups were found for the following parameters: the time results from swimming 200 m with ( p < 0.001) and without using lower limbs ( p = 0.031), the ratio of the moments of muscle forces of flexors to extensors ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the correlation analysis show that the higher the moments of muscle forces of flexors and extensors of the elbow joint, the shorter the time obtained in swimming 200 m in the freestyle stroke.

14

Analysis of training loads among swimmers with disabilities during specific preparation period

72%

Karpiel Z. , Kozikowska K. , Sasin D.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2021

|

tom 33

|

nr 01

15

Zastosowanie freeflowmetrii w ocenie parametrów oddechowych młodych pływaków

72%

Podolec Z. , Kozłowska D. , Panek D.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

|

2013

|

tom z. 7

143--146

PL

Badanie freeflowmetryczne (FFM) pozwala na ocenę wpływu techniki wydechu na wartości parametrów oddechowych. W niniejszym projekcie wykorzystano badanie FFM w celu zbadania mechanizmów zmian zachodzących w układzie oddechowym na skutek treningu pływackiego. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie wydechu przez zasznurowane usta i przez nos istotnie redukuje pułapkę powietrzną. Pozwala to przypuszczać, że przyczyną występowania pułapki powietrznej u pływaków może być wiotkość dróg oddechowych.

EN

Freeflowmetry allows to evaluate influence of exhalation technique on spirometric parameters. This project uses freeflowmetric examination to explore the changes occurring in respiratory tract of young swimmers. We found that pursed lips breathing and nose breathing significantly reduces air trapping. Therefore, it is possible that air trapping in swimmers may be caused by limpness of respiratory tract.

16

Assessment of young swimmers’ technique with Tec Pa tool

72%

Papadimitriou K. , Papadimitriou N. , Gourgoulis V. , Barkoukis V. , Loupos D.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2021

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tom 34

|

nr 02

17

Use of different methods for testing morphological characteristics and evaluation of body tissue composition of swimmers

72%

Pietraszewska J. , Jakubowski W.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

|

tom 03

|

nr 3

EN

Specific characteristics of sport disciplines require their performers to meet certain demands, also those related to body build. A success is conditioned, among other things, by the morphological structure of competitors. For this cause, their somatic features should be taken into consideration in the selection process. The aim of this research was to describe the level of morphological development and body proportions of swimmers in comparison to their non-practicing peers. What is more, different methods were used to evaluate body tissue composition. The research was based on the measurements of 33 swimmers and 36 non-practicing sport males as a control group, with the average training period of 9 years. The subjects ranged from 18 to 23 years of age. The anthropometric features were examined. Two methods, anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance, were used to estimate the amount of body fat. Athletes performing swimming are characterized by the significant body height, long trunk, wide range of arms and highly developed shoulder girdle. Directed and systematic training has an influence on a great development of the upper part of the trunk and a slight decrease in body fat. The observed differences indicate that depth, circumference and mobility of the chest developed in swimming have a positive influence on the respiratory system. Poor differences observed in the amount of fat in the athletes and non-practicing subjects may result from the fact that the body accumulates fat tissue, used as a good thermal insulation.

18

Nutritional principles of adolescent swimmers

72%

Ferens K. , Przeliorz-Pyszczek A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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tom 25

|

nr 1

19

The relationship between selected anthropometric variables and the sports results of early pubescent swimmers

72%

Bielec G. , Jurak D.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

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2019

|

tom 11

|

nr 1

20

Swimming and bathing in Czechoslovakia until 1938

72%

Tomsova P.

Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe

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2018

|

tom 01

|

nr 1

EN

Swimming and bathing in Czechoslovakia started to take shape at the beginning of the 19th century. At first, suitable locations in nature were used, with the first swimming baths built later on, primarily on rivers. The first competitive swimming races were held in 1845 on the Vltava River and in 1890, the AC Prague Sports Club founded a swimming department which also in-cluded competitive swimming races. In 1914, the Czech Union of Swimming was founded and in 1919 it was renamed as the Czechoslovak Amateur Swimming Association. The number of swimming pools at this time was very low, the conditions of Czechoslovak swimmers were not ideal, and their results at international swimming competitions suffered as a result.

PL

Pływanie i kąpiele w Czechach i Słowacji zaczęły sie formować u progu XIX wieku. Począt-kowo korzystano z odpowiednich warunków naturalnych, stąd pierwsze kąpieliska budowano przede wszystkim w korytach rzek. Pierwsze zawody pływackie zorganizowano w 1845 roku na Wełtawie, a w 1890 roku założono w AC Prague Sports Club sekcję pływacką, która obejmowała również pływanie wyczynowe. W 1914 roku założono Czeski Związek Pływacki, a w 1919 zmie-niono jego nazwę na Czechosłowackie Towarzystwo Amatorów Pływania. Liczba basenów pły-wackich była w tamtych czasach niewielka, warunki stworzone czechosłowackim pływakom nie by-ły idealne, a to sprawiło, że ich wyniki w międzynarodowych zawodach pływackich nie były imponujące.