Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

„Osoba podejrzana”, „podejrzany” i „oskarżony” w polskim procesie karnym – zakres pojęciowy

100%

Kucharczyk M.

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2017

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tom 1 (27)

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nr 1

133-171

EN

The subject of this article is nomenclatural interpretation of the notions of “a person of interest”, “a suspect” and “a defendant” in Polish Code of Criminal Procedure – the parties in criminal proceedings who are suspected of committing a crime or who are charged with a crime. The article discusses the legal definitions of the word “suspect” according to Article 71 § 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (i.e. a person against whom a statement of objections has been issued and a person who has been charged on the grounds of examination of the person in question as a suspect) as well as the word “defendant” according to Article 71 § 2 and 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (sensu stricto and sensu largo). Moreover, the article provides an overview of the available definitions of “a suspect” and “a person of interest” – parties named directly in the Code of Criminal Procedure. In addition to that, the article discusses the notion of “actual suspect” (whose definition and understanding varies in the doctrine), which emerged from the previously effective Code of Criminal Procedure. The article analyses the legal standing of such an “actual suspect” in the context of Article 233 § 1a of the Criminal Code (a regulation which is considered potentially unconstitutional). While discussing the figure of the “suspect”, the author analyzes terms such as “issuing” and “preparation” – in connection with Article 71 § 1 and 313 § 1 of the Criminal Code and the lack of agreement within the discipline regarding the precise time at which the statement of objections has been issued (which is connected with obtaining the position of the passive party to proceedings in criminal procedure).Moreover, the article discusses in some detail the legal standing of a person against which a motion has been presented, according to Article 354 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, regarding the discontinuation of proceedings and issuing preventive measures protecting the person of an insane perpetrator – in the context of nomenclature.

2

Psychological Methods of Eliciting Statements. Personal Security Versus Data Objectivity

75%

Ciosek I. , Kuźniar Z. , Kempa M.

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tom 26(26)

116-129

EN

The article describes the way of conducting the perfect interrogation, with particular protection of suspect’s psychological comfort and protecting him from stress, in order to get the truth instead of the false confession of guilt. The elements influencing the professional and objective conduct of interrogations were presented, with special consideration given to flexibility of approaching a suspect and handling the given case. The paper also discusses forbidden interrogation techniques and describes the nine steps of an effective interrogation of F.E. Inbau, J.E. Reid and J.P. Buckley.

3

Pojęcie strony w procesach świeckich i kanonicznych

63%

Banasik D. K.

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nr 1 Prawo

367-376

EN

In the article the author describes the notion of the litigant in secular and canonical proceedings. In secular law this term is described by the author in civil, penal and administrative law. She makes a division for a plaintiff and a defendant taking into special account canonical proceedings. The author describes a capacity to be a party in a case and capacity to sue. She stresses more the notion of parties and their rights in the canonical case on nullity of marriage. Generally it might be said that litigants are there persons who have a dispute, persons taking part in the proceedings, in case of canonical proceedings − before the church tribunal.

4

Bezpieczeństwo państwa a prawa oskarżonego w polskim prawie karnym procesowym (kwestie wybrane)

51%

Nowikowski I.

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nr 2

293-328

EN

The Author accepts the opinion that one of the tasks of the state authority is to provide safety to state structures and the citizens from criminal activities detrimental to legal values which are socially cherished. This is also the purpose of the criminal law which introduces criminal responsibility for infringement of values which are protected by that law. The execution of criminal law takes place during criminal proceedings. The functions of prosecution, defence and sentencing are distinguished in criminal proceedings. The Author claims that, in criminal proceedings, there is a constant conflict between the application of the prosecution function, whose characteristic feature is the seeking to condemn the defendant which means activity to his disadvantage, and the defence function which comes down to activity to the defendant’s advantage, it is to lead to his acquittal or to diminish the scope of his criminal responsibility. The Author expresses the opinion that the legal solution of the problem should not be focused on the implementation of one of these interests. The legal norms regulating criminal proceedings should focus on achieving a specific golden mean, a special compromise between the guarantees of the justice system’s interests which protect, optimally from the society’s point of view, the implementation of justice and the guarantees of proceedings participants, among which the guarantee of the defendant’s rights should be distinguished. The Author considers whether the provision of Art. 303 of the Polish Code on Criminal Proceedings, which grants the defendant the right to hearing with the participation of his defendant, guarantees the preservation of the rights of the defence to the suspect. In the part of the paper referring to the prosecution function the Author discusses the provisions of Art. 237 and 237a of the Polish Code on Criminal Proceedings which regulate the admissibility of control and recording of the content of telephone conversations during criminal proceedings. He also analyses Art. 168b of the Polish Code on Criminal Proceedings which refers to the use in criminal process of the evidence obtained by the police and other services during the control of correspondence, the control of mail and the conducting of wiretapping.

PL

Autor akceptuje pogląd, że jednym z zadań władzy państwowej jest zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa dla struktur państwa oraz obywateli przed działaniami przestępnymi, godzącymi w cenne społecznie dobra prawne. Temu celowi ma służyć m.in. prawo karne materialne, wprowadzając odpowiedzialność karną za naruszenie dóbr, chronionych przez to prawo. Realizacja prawa karnego materialnego następuje w toku procesu karnego. W procesie karnym wyróżnia się funkcje ścigania, obrony oraz orzekania. Autor twierdzi, że w procesie karnym istnieje stały konflikt między realizacją funkcji ścigania, której cechą charakterystyczną jest dążenie do skazania oskarżonego, a więc działaniem na jego niekorzyść, a funkcją obrony sprowadzającej się do działania na korzyść oskarżonego, aby doprowadzić do uniewinnienia albo umniejszenia zakresu odpowiedzialności karnej oskarżonego. Według Autora, prawne rozwiązanie tego konfliktu nie powinno być nastawione na realizację jednego z tych interesów. Normy prawne regulujące postępowania karne, powinny dążyć do osiągnięcia swoistego „złotego środka”, szczególnego kompromisu między gwarancjami interesu wymiaru sprawiedliwości, zabezpieczającymi, optymalnie z punktu widzenia społecznego, realizację wymiaru sprawiedliwości, a gwarancjami uczestników procesu, wśród których należy wyróżnić gwarancję praw oskarżonego. Autor rozważa, czy treść przepisu art. 301 k.p.k., który przyznaje podejrzanemu prawo do przesłuchania z udziałem obrońcy, gwarantuje podejrzanemu zachowanie prawa do obrony. W części artykułu dotyczącej funkcji ścigania Autor omawia przepisy art. 237 i art. 237a k.p.k. regulujące dopuszczalność przeprowadzenia w toku postępowania karnego kontroli i utrwalenia treści rozmów telefonicznych. Ponadto, analizuje treść art. 168b k.p.k., regulującego wykorzystanie w procesie karnym dowodów uzyskanych przez Policję i inne służby w trakcie kontroli operacyjnej.