Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Health implications of stream water contamination by industrial effluents in the Onitsha urban area of Southeastern Nigeria

100%

Okafor U. P. , Obeta M. C. , Ayadiuno R. U. , Onyekwelu A. C. , Asuoha G. C. , Eze E. J. , Orji-Okafor C. E. , Igboeli E. E.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2021

|

tom no. 48

105--114

EN

Nigeria has abundant surface and ground water resources many of which are polluted and can be detrimental to human health when consumed. This study investigated the effects of effluents discharged by industries into streams on the health of people who depend on stream water for domestic purposes in the Onitsha urban area of eastern Nigeria. Water samples collected from eleven discharge locations underwent physico-chemical and microbiological analyses. Data on the effects of industrial effluents on health were obtained from records in the public hospitals located in Onitsha as well as through questionnaire surveys and field observations. The results of the analyses revealed that the effluents grossly degrade surface water bodies; several parameters (temperature, iron, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, lead, magnesium, total heterotrophic counts, total coliform group, pH) had values which were higher than the WHO (2011) safety limits for drinking water. The contamination of investigated streams by effluents had negative impact on the health of stream users. The discussion included health effects of polluted water and the prevalence of water borne or related diseases in the area. Implications of these findings were also discussed. Management measures capable of minimizing contamination of surface water in the study area were suggested.

2

Basis of high-pressure water jet implementation for poly-metallic concretions output from the ocean's bottom

86%

Borkowski P. , Borkowski J.

|

tom Tom 13

65-82

EN

Comprehensive knowledge and modern technique make it possible to reach for different natural resources deposited in water or on oceans bottom or even in stratum below the bottom. World ocean takes over 71% of our globe and considering continuous shrinking of natural resources of raw materials and fuels it becomes nowadays the area of intensive geological exploration. Having in mind the fact that most of typical land resources of useful minerals will last at the very most 50÷200 years, adequate reserves laying down at the bottom of the world sea may give our civilization a chance for several thousand years' development, according to scientist calculations [14]. Taking above into consideration, all seas and oceans shelves were divided into plots and fields. Many shelves are explored nowadays concerning petroleum and natural gas and such output reaching the level of 20% of total production [5]. Basing on different research and exploration it was found that the bottom and under bottom resources of natural minerals are gigantic. Technological development as well as huge investments caused that this XXI century starts new beginning of oceans exploitation [15] and its conquest. Careful investigations especially of deep resources exploration still is future matter. However nowadays there are rich useful minerals areas deposited at the bottom in the form of poly-metallic concretions. These are o res in the form of nodules including metals e.g.: manganese, cobalt, copper, iron and nickel. Among six different areas rich in concretions, the most perspective one is Clarion-Clipperton where such minerals concentration exceeds 10 kg/m2 [9]. This area region is located at Pacific in equatorial zone including undersea bottom leap down at the level range of 4200 to 5200 m [12]. Since 1992 Poland as so called investing pioneer (representing international organization Interocenametal) has the right to explore plot in the range of mentioned Clarion-Clipperton region of area of 150.000 km2 [7]. This paper presents basis of unconventional technology of poly-metallic concretions output by application of high-pressure cavitation water jet [1] with addition of dry ice particles CO2 as a medium helpful for material loosening form the ground. Such ice particle resistance to hygroscopicity causes that it doesn't have tendencies for lumping and therefore it may keep predicted ability for sublimation. Adequate intensity of this phenomenon [3, 4] in conditions analogical to those existing down at the sea bottom proceeds in a long time [7]. Considering above the gas form of CO2 may cause proper draught of water flow in elastic transportation pipeline. In turn for vertical transport intensification there is need to use additional air injector.

PL

W pracy scharakteryzowano konkrecje polimetaliczne zalegające dno oceaniczne oraz ich zasoby i miejsca występowania, zwłaszcza w przyznanym Polsce obszarze pomiędzy uskokami dna pacyficznego o nazwie Clarion-Clipperton. Przeanalizowano metody ich wydobywania w obszarze głębokomorskim a zwłaszcza hydraulicznego transportu urobku z dna oceanu na pokład statku górniczego. Przeanalizowano możliwość zastosowania wysokociśnieniowej strugi wodnej wspomaganej fizycznym oddziaływaniem cząstek suchego lodu CO2. Wskazano na bardzo przydatne cechy tego lodu, dzięki którym jego cząstki nie podlegają zbrylaniu natomiast sublimują w strefie urobku. Powstające duże ilości gazowej fazy CO2 zwiększają dynamikę pionowego przepływu płynu w przewodzie rurowym, co zwiększa skuteczność transportu urobku na powierzchnię. Jednak dla zapewnienia odpowiedniej wydajności pionowego transportu konkrecji polimetalicznych należy na określonej głębokości wtłaczać do rury sprężone powietrze. Przedstawiono w nim podstawy transportu metodą iniekcja pneumatycznej opracowane dla optymalnego wydobywania konkrecji polimetalicznych. Przeanalizowano struktury przepływów występujących w różnych przekrojach rury transportowej oraz określono ich teoretyczne zależności. Opracowano również wzory pozwalające na dokonywanie wyboru najważniejszych parametrów decydujących o skuteczności tej metody.

3

Effect of deforestation on water chemistry in the Kościeliska Valley in the Western Tatras in southern Poland

86%

Zelazny M. , Kosmowska A. , Stanczyk T. , Mickiewicz M.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

|

2017

|

tom 49

|

nr 3

4

Evaluation of base solutions to determine equilibrium phosphours concentrations [EPC0] in stream sediments

72%

Lucci G. M. , McDowell R. W. , Condron L. M.

International Agrophysics

|

2010

|

tom 24

|

nr 2

157-163

5

Changes in stream water contamination in select Slovakian settlements

72%

Kasiarova S. , Feszterova M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2010

|

tom 19

|

nr 2

343-349

EN

This article presents the results of concentrations of N-NO₂, N-NO₃, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, P-PO₄, N-NH₄, Fe, chemical oxygen demand with KMnO₄, HCO₃⁻, Ptotal, acid neutralizing capacity between the pH range of 4.5 and 3.5 along with pH and electrolytic conductivity for Štiavnica Stream (in south-central Slovakia). These parameters were monitored at four monitoring places (Banska Štiavnica, Svaty Anton, Prenčov, and Hontianske Nemce) from 2006 to 2008. The rank order of soluble nitrogen forms on the basis of median values were in Banska Štiavnica N-NH₄>N-NO₂>N-NO₃, in Svaty Anton, Prenčov and Hontianske Nemce N-NO₃>N-NH₄>N-NO₂. The concentration of phosphates phosphor was high in all sampling places, with the highest in Banska Štiavnica (0.29 mg・L⁻¹). Physico-chemical parameters such as pH were in the interval from 6.52 to 7.93, electrolytic conductivity and chemical oxygen demand were highest in Banska Štiavnica (EC = 51.51 mS・m⁻¹, CODMn = 10.46 mg・L⁻¹). The aim of our article is to prove, according to our analyses, that surface water quality has gotten worse and to point out the importance of monitoring smaller streams that are permanently contamined by local settlements.

6

Effect of the age of spruce stands on the balance of elements in the Potok Dupniański catchment

72%

Malek S.

Dendrobiology

|

2004

|

tom 51 Supplement

EN

The study analyses the transfer of F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ from bulkprecipitation to throughfall, soil surface flow, vertical flow and intercover flow of water (gravity lysimeters at 20 cm soil depth) in spruce stands of different age classes (1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th), and the amount of these ions flowing out from the Potok Dupniański catchment in the Silesian Beskid Mts. The results cover the year 2000. The concentration and amount of SO4 2- in throughfall systematically increased and the pH value decreased with the age of the stands and with successive elements of the ecosystem. The NH4+ ion was probably absorbed in the canopy, which caused a washout of K+, Mn2+, F- and SO42- in the vegetation season in older stands. In the winter season, Fe2+, Mn2+, Na+ and K+ were washed out from the youngest stands (1st age class), whereas F-, NO3 -, SO42--, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ – from older canopies. Decomposition of the organic matter caused a rise in water acidity and an increase in the concentrations of all the analysed ions; their leaching, however, was low (under 1%). Water from intercover flow contributed to an increase in the amount of water and the concentration and amount of ions and to a further decrease in water reaction at a soil depth of 20 cm. All the anions and cations flowed away with water penetrating vertically and horizontally. Considerable amounts of ions, especially SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, were carried beyond the reach of the main mass of the root system and then out of the catchment, which may adversely affect the development and health of spruce stands.

7

The sanitary quality of water and sandy sediments of selected streams and the coastal area of Gdansk Bay

72%

Jankowska K. , Olanczuk-Neyman K. , Sokolowska A. , Skucha M. , Misiec A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2005

|

tom 14

|

nr 6

EN

This paper presents results of bacteriological investigations concerning coastal seawater and sandy sediments in the Three-city region at the outlet of four streams: Kacza (KaS), Swelina (SwS), Grodowy (GS) and Kamienny (KmS). The numbers of facultative psychrophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria and indicator bacteria (coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal enterococci) were determined. It was found that all streams are carrying fecal bacteriological pollution of human and animal origin which contributes to poor quality of coastal seawater and sandy sediments. The lowest sanitary quality was KaS water, where the number of all indicator bacteria, as a rule, exceeded admissible levels. In sandy sediments of the estuaries of all four streams the average number of indicator bacteria was about one order of magnitude higher than in water. Enterococcus was the bacterial indicator that exceeded single water or sediment sample standards most often.

8

The chemical composition of stream water in a small forested catchment area [Pogorze Wielickie hills, Southern Poland]

72%

Godzik B. , Krywult M.

|

nr 3

9

Budgets of elements in a lowland forested watershed: the comparison of watershed with and without the stream

72%

Kruk M.

|

nr 3

10

Dissolved organic carbon and UV absorbance in waters of the Czarna Wiselka and Biala Wiselka streams

58%

Kulakowski P.

|

tom 44

101-106

11

The effect of environmental conditions on surface water quality in the Zimnik and Czyrna catchments of the Beskid Śląski

58%

Malek S. , Krakowian K.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2009

|

nr 13a

12

The response of ash-alder swamp forest to increasing stream water level caused by damming by the European beaver (Castor fiber L.)

58%

Czerepko J. , Wrobel M. , Boczon A. , Sokolowski K.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2009

|

nr 13a

13

Biogeochemical functioning of hydrologically modified peatlands and its effect in eutrophication of freshwaters

58%

Kruk M.

|

tom 48

|

nr 2

14

Summary, explanation and characteristics of investigations carried out so far on the effect of atmospheric-hydrologic conditions in the drainage basin on heavy metals concentrations in the waters of the Niepolomice Forest

58%

Reczynska-Dutka M.

|

1992

|

tom 39

|

nr 1