Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The art of adaptation: how to attract Customers and increase effectiveness of Retail stores in a vuca world

100%

Kozioł K.

Journal of TransLogistics

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2022

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tom Vol. 8, nr 1

11-24

EN

In the study the author presented the adjustments implemented by various business entities operating within the retail industry and their impact on the competitiveness of reviewed discount stores. The companies analysed are considered as key players within the Polish retail market classified by the number of shops in each shop chain, number of customers attracted (also known as market penetration) and income from sales. Before the study, the author performed a literature search. In the first part of the article, the readers can find information presenting the operational background - a number of definitions, such as retailing and black swan, have been adduced to introduce the topic. Subsequently, the writer describes the scale of unexpected incidents affecting specific parts of society. Next paragraphs highlight the consumer trends of 2022 and their influence on customers. Furthermore, the author of the study presents the advantages of retail and market structure based on the size of outlets. In the last part, the readers can learn about the activities taken by several companies (Biedronka, Lidl, Netto, Aldi and Żabka) in recent years that created a difference in the results achieved by them.

2

Propozycja podatku lokalizacyjnego od detalicznej działalności handlowej jako sposobu racjonalnego kształtowania sieci usług

80%

Śleszyński P.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

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2019

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tom 33

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nr 1

106-116

EN

The article presents the concept of tax in retail activities for stationary stores, depending on the size of the sales area and the number of population at a distance from the place of sale (location tax). It was assumed that it is possible to shape the balance in terms of demand (population) and supply (sales area) in order to avoid the monopolisation of the market by the largest entities. A solution has been proposed that the smaller the population with access to a given store location, the lower the tax should be for facilities with a small sales area and higher for facilities with a larger sales area. In turn, with an increasing number of population, the tax amount would be equal to different values of the sales area. In other words, the construction of the tax implies preferences, i.e. a lower tax for small stores in small towns, but in principle their lack or a very small impact in big cities. The tax should have a positive impact on the shaping of the settlement structure and rationalising retail network.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję podatku w działalności sprzedażowej dla sklepów stacjonarnych, uzależnionego od wielkości powierzchni sprzedażowej i liczby ludności w odległości od miejsca sprzedaży (w skrócie: podatek lokalizacyjny). Założono, że możliwe jest kształtowanie równowagi pod względem popytu (ludność) i podaży (powierzchnia sprzedażowa) w celu uniknięcia monopolizacji rynku przez największe podmioty. Zaproponowano rozwiązanie, że im mniejsza liczba ludności z dostępem do danej lokalizacji sklepu, tym podatek powinien być niższy dla obiektów o małej powierzchni sprzedażowej oraz wyższy dla obiektów o większej powierzchni sprzedażowej. Z kolei przy coraz większej liczbie ludności wysokość podatku byłaby zrównywana dla różnych wartości powierzchni sprzedażowej. Innymi słowy, konstrukcja podatku zakłada preferencje, czyli niższy podatek dla małych sklepów w małych miejscowościach, natomiast w zasadzie ich brak lub bardzo małe oddziaływanie w dużych miastach. Podatek powinien mieć korzystny wpływ na kształtowanie struktury osadniczej poprzez racjonalizację sieci handlowej.

3

Distribution of Excess Regenerative Energy in Electric Transport Systems on the Basis of Fuzzy Logic Application

80%

Sablin O. , Kuznetsov V. , Shinkarenko V. , Ivanov A.

Archives of Transport

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2017

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tom Vol. 42, iss. 2

53--63

EN

Purpose. To develop the fuzzy model of distribution of excess regenerative energy in traction and external power supply systems allowing to exercise effective operation of the power equipment. Relevance. For effective distribution of excess regenerative energy in systems of electric transport, as well as for systems equipped with stationary stores of energy and inverting traction substations with regulators of output voltage it is necessary to solve a number of the problems with high degree of uncertainty demanding taking into account a set of random factors such as the modes of power lines and traction loadings. These factors have to be considered in operation for choosing the rational modes of energy stores, inverters and regulators of voltage on buses of substations to provide the rational conditions for energy regeneration on electric transport. Scientific novelty. The control system of energy storage devices, inverters and traction substation output voltage regulators, designed on the basis of fuzzy logic, can provide the necessary conditions for the regeneration on electric transport on sections with a shortage of traction power consumption and allows to optimize the distribution of excess braking energy of transport vehicles. It is achieved by determining the rational relationship between the components of the excess current of regeneration in real time, which can ensure a minimum of power losses of regenerative energy in traction and external power supply systems. Practical importance. The use of the developed approach is effective under the conditions of incomplete information received by measurement systems and on the basis of additional studies it can allow to minimize rated capacity of stores, inverters and traction substation output voltage regulators that could reduce the costs of modernization of existing sections and electrification of new electric transport systems.