Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Sufre, soporta y padece: fuentes latinas de la resignación en los refranes españoles

100%

Pascual-López X.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2016

|

tom 43

|

nr 3

5-21

EN

Spanish refranero forms a sort of code whose aim is to guide and control the conduct of the members of the linguistic community that has coined these proverbs and uses them. A great part of the ideology that can be gathered from Spanish proverbs was already present in Classical culture. Therefore my overall objective is to trace the Classical precedents of Spanish proverbs. Particularly this paper aims to find in Latin language and literature formal or ideological precursors of a certain amount of Spanish proverbs concerning the stoic attitude we should take in order to confront misfortune. This attitude is based on facing with resignation what fate holds in store for us and it results in accepting pain as an essential part of human existence, promoting a conformist behavior that restrains aspirations to better conditions and makes it unlikely that the establishment will be broken.

2

Koncepcja edukacji ironicznej

99%

Mazur T.

|

2014

|

nr 25

31-51

EN

The essay rises the problem of complex relation between distance and engagement of a teacher in the process of philosophy teaching. Ways of dealing with this problem are searched in the way of investigation of the notion of irony, as it is understood in the philosophy of Socratic tradition. Six different approaches the notion of irony are successively presented and discussed, starting with its most popular understanding and finishing with one that is widest and far from poplar intuitions. Finally all these understandings are related to the challenge of teaching philosophy.

3

The Philosophical Reading of Master Vincentius

99%

Kałuża Z. , Calma D.

Acta Poloniae Historica

|

2015

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tom 112

EN

Educated most probably in Paris, Wincenty, or Master Vincentius, called Kadłubek (d. 1223), was a lawyer, advisor to Duke Casimir II the Just (Kazimierz Sprawiedliwy) and, subsequently, bishop of Cracow. His chronicle, compiled on Casimir’s commission before 1207–8, is a decent representative of the twelfth-century renaissance. Firstly, we established the algorithm for the numerical comparison of the Chronicle and his supposed source; secondly, we took into account some of the writings of the Greek and Roman philosophers taught in the schools of 12th century and known by writers of the same period. The essay seeks to identify crypto-quotes in Wincenty’s chronicle, where a considerable number of unlabeled opinions by other authors – philosophers, poets, and so on – are potentially traceable. We furthermore aimed at reconstructing the list of books used by the chronicler as a source or reference material. We have assumed, as a principle, that a single citation from one work would not legitimize the statement that the chronicler knew directly that source. With two or three quotations from one work, we seek to establish the reasons why these quotations are in the Chronicle. The results obtained have significantly enlarged the number of (hitherto-known) quotes from Plato’s Timaeus (in Calcidius’s translation), Rhetorica ad Herennium, Seneca’s Moral Letters, and Boethius’s De consolatione philosophiae. In this context, we have taken into account, for the first time, the logical texts by Aristotle and Boethius, discovering in Vincentius’s chronicle traces of the reading of the Topics and On Sophistical Refutations (by the former author) and of De topicis differentiis (by the latter). After a thorough comparison with all the works of Cicero and a critical analysis of the quotations accepted by our predecessors, we retained only one source: the De senectute. We have also excluded the possible evidence of Kadłubek’s knowledge of Macrobius. Our contribution is of philological nature as it seeks to determine the relation and dependencies between Historia Polonica and its philosophical sources. We discuss the nature of these relationships and their philosophical character in other studies. The present essay forms, we believe, a convenient point of departure for further research on philosophical aspects of Wincenty’s output and on the reception of philosophy in Poland in the late twelfth and early thirteenth century.

4

La herencia de las Sententiae de Publilio Siro en las paremias españolas en torno a la avaricia

99%

Pascual-López X.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

|

2019

|

tom 46

|

nr 4

101-110

PL

The aim of this paper is to present the Spanish proverbs related to the topic of greed that can be understood as a continuation of Publilius Syrus’ sentences. For the analysis are taken into account the contributions of two Hellenistic philosophical schools (Stoicism and Epicureanism), which illuminate the scope of the criticism of greed that occurs in these proverbs, both from a psychological as a social point of view. Latin sentences and Spanish proverbs are compared according to their formal or semantic continuity, as well as depending on other aspects (such as the tone or prosodic issues).

5

Zagadnienie istoty szczęścia i sposobu jego osiągnięcia w traktacie "O życiu szczęśliwym" Seneki Młodszego

93%

Picewicz J.

Teologia i Moralność

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2017

|

tom 12

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nr 2(22)

307-321

EN

The paper discusses the question of happiness according to the treatise “On the Happy Life” by Seneca the Younger. The world-cosmos, thus all that surrounds us, is of rational and divine character. All that exists and happens in the universe is due to necessity, some form of fate. The meaning and goal of human existence is a happy life, in harmony with nature, i.e. divine Logos, immersed in the universe. For Seneca, to live in harmony with nature means to live in harmony with Logos, his rational laws, and principles.

6

Pierre Dalicourt i Sekret opóźniania starości (1668). Zarys lektury w kontekście translatio studii [Pierre Dalicourt and Le secret de retarder la vieillesse (1668). Prolegomena to the lecture in the context of translatio studii]

83%

Bajer M.

Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae

|

2014

|

tom 24

|

nr 1

147-161

PL

In this article, an attempt is made to describe the way of ancient text elements in Frenchlanguage medical writing, prior to the publication of Dalicourt’s work. It enables to reconstruct three channels of antique medical knowledge transfer: physiological thought reflection (whose important documents in France are: the treatise On old age by Pierre du Lauriers and the textbook of surgery by Ambroise Paré), philosophical thought (Christian Neostoicism inspired by works of Seneca, Erasmus and Lipsius) and theology (which combines Judeo-Christian motifs with Greek-Roman ones through the Bible exegesis). Further, at the end of the work, a political dimension of Dalicourt’s discussion is signalled. The author, who dedicates his text to the chancellor Pierre Séguier, makes in a way reference to the antique discussions on gerontocracy.

7

Anthony Ashley Cooper Shaftesbury: Trzy ćwiczenia stoickie

83%

Grzeliński A.

|

tom 44

1-20

EN

Three Stoic Exercises is the first Polish translation, done by Adam Grzeliński, of three excerpts from Shaftesbury’s notebooks: Character and Conduct, Attention and Relaxation, and Improvement being part included in the collection entitled Askêmata. These texts prove that these notebooks not only complement the contents of Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, and Times, the three-volume set which made Shaftesbury a famous and influential philosopher, but they are to be seen mainly as a kind of moral exercises and soliloquies in which Shaftesbury comments the works of the stoics: Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius.

PL

Trzy ćwiczenia stoickie to dokonany przez Adama Grzelińskiego pierwszy polski przekład trzech fragmentów z notatników Anthony’ego Ashleya Coopera Shaftesbury’ego: Charakter i postępowanie ze sobą, Skupienie i rozluźnienie oraz Czynienie postępów, wchodzących w skład zbioru zatytułowanego Askêmata. Teksty te przekonują, że treść owych notatników nie tylko dopełnia treść opublikowanego przez filozofia zbioru Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times, ale przede wszystkim ma charakter ćwiczeń moralnych, w których w formie solilokwium Shaftesbury komentuje dzieła stoików: Epikteta i Marka Aureliusza.

8

Poglądy Seneki na temat samobójstwa i ich znaczenie dla współczesnej debaty w zakresie dopuszczalności eutanazji i samobójstwa wspomaganego

83%

Kamiński M.

ΣΟΦΙΑ. Pismo Filozofów Krajów Słowiańskich

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2014

|

nr 14

103-119

RU

Автор анализирует взгляды Сенеки Младшего и Марка Аврелия на тему самоубийства. Указывая на аргументы стоиков за применение ассистируемой смерти в обыденной жизни, автор обсуждает актуальную юридическую проблему помощи при самоубийстве. Он поднимает вопрос, как далеко законы должны вмешиваться в волю человека, отказывая ей в юридической защите и превращая волю в преступление.

EN

The author analyses the views of Seneca the Younger and Marcus Aurelius on suicide. Pointing to the arguments of the Stoics for practicing assisted death in everyday life, the author discusses the topical issue of legal assisted suicide. He takes up the question of how far the laws should interfere in the will of man, resignation from its legal protection and turning the will into the crime.

9

Pozorny smutek sprawiedliwego w Księdze Mądrości

83%

Zieliński M.

Studia Koszalińsko-Kołobrzeskie

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2016

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nr 23

135-146

PL

Artykuł analizuje kwestię cierpienia człowieka sprawiedliwego w I części Księgi Mądrości. Problem ten, traktowany często przez egzegetów jako smutna rzeczywistość dotykająca sprawiedliwego, przy uważnej analizie okazuje się być pozorny. Analiza tekstów pokazuje, że autor intencjonalnie unika łączenia cierpienia z życiem sprawiedliwego i chce podkreślić, że pobożne życie, praktykowanie cnót oraz Boża opieka bronią sprawiedliwego przed doświadczeniem cierpienia. Jedyny przypadek cierpienia człowieka sprawiedliwego (Mdr 8,9) jest, w ujęciu autora, skutkiem błędów, od których nie są wolni nawet mędrcy. To cierpienie może zostać usunięte poprzez wcielanie w życie pouczeń mądrości, która objawia się nie jako pocieszycielka, ale jako ta, która przestrzega i poucza. Autor artykułu sugeruje też wpływ myśli stoickiej na obraz sprawiedliwego, który jest sportretowany jako prawdziwy mędrzec, żyjący cnotliwie i w konsekwencji wolny od cierpienia.

EN

The article analyzes the issue of the suffering of a righteous man in the part I of the Book of Wisdom. It is often treated by the exegetes as a sad reality that affects the just, yet after a careful analysis it turns out to be apparent. The text’s analysis shows that the author intentionally avoids joining suffering with life of the just, and emphasizes that a pious, virtuous life and divine providence defends the just against suffering. The only case of suffering experienced by the just (Wis 8,9) is considered as the result of mistakes of which there is no one to be free, even a sage. Suffering can be removed by enacting the instruction of wisdom, which reveals herself not as a comforter but as the one who respects and teaches. The article also suggests the influence of the stoic thoughts which portrays the just as a true sage who lives virtuously and consequently, does not suffer.

10

Ja

83%

Shaftesbury A. A. C. , Grzeliński A.

Folia Philosophica

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2022

|

tom 48

1-16

EN

The Self is the first Polish translation of an excerpt from Shaftesbury’s notebooks entitled Askêmata. The text proves that these notebooks not only complement the contents of his Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times, the three-volume set which made Shaftesbury a famous and influential philosopher but is to be seen mainly as a kind of moral exercises and soliloquies in which Shaftesbury comments the works of the stoics: Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. In one of the previous issues of „Folia Philosophica” three other excerpts from the same set were published: Character and Conduct, Attention and Relaxation, and Improvement; the present one is a continuation of the series.

11

Philosophy of the Early Stoics: The Related as a Tentative Constituent of the Scope of the Incorporeal

83%

Samokhvalova A. N.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2014

|

nr 3

161-165

EN

The article considers the scope of the early Stoics’ notion of “incorporeal” and the ontological concept of the incorporeal as being incapable of interacting with bodies. First, an interpretation is proposed that the incorporeal is an important part of the con-cept of meaningful conduct of Homo sapiens, as one can trace its direct relationship with his assents, desires and expectations as the elements preceding action. Second, a reconstitution has been suggested, one showing that in the scope of the incorporeal the Stoic system has a concurrent “as is said” type of predicate, or lekton.

12

Jak nakaz moralny wynika z natury świata? Koncepcja prawa natury św. Tomasza z Akwinu na tle stoickiej i późnośredniowiecznej tradycji

83%

Płotka M.

Rocznik Tomistyczny

|

2015

|

tom 4

129-144

EN

This paper presents two discourses of natural law in Greek and medieval tradition: the Stoic account of lex, the account of ius in the understanding of Francis Suarez, and the concept of natural law in terms of St. Thomas Aquinas. The aim of this paper is twofold: firstly, it is to describe the history and the development of the concept of natural law from its early, Stoic expressions to its late medieval modification. And secondly, to argue for the thesis, according to which the Aquinas’s proposal, based on his concept of “nature”, avoids the difficulties of the Stoic approach associated with the continuity between the legal and moral justification and the nature.

13

Kochanowski, Lament 16.29-32: Cicero and his ultimate failure

83%

Jakielaszek J.

Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo

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2012

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nr 2(5)

15-35

EN

The present paper investigates the sources and ramifi cations of the reference to Cicero’s death in Kochanowski’s Lament 16.29-32. Supplementing information provided by existing commentaries on Laments, it is argued that the reference is made to the judgement on Cicero’s last hours in Plutarch’s Comparison of Demosthenes and Cicero. The divergence from the main current of the biographical tradition of Cicero’s death, mostly favourable to him, is put into the context of the complex Renaissance discussion about the philosophy-of Cicero, acceptability of Stoicism, and the relationship between ancient philosophy and Christianity.

14

Ἐκπύρωσις – Zognienie wszechświata w filozofii stoickiej

83%

Osiński P.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2017

|

nr 15

37-51

EN

This paper is devoted to the Stoic concept of ἐκπύρωσις – the conflagration of universe, its development, its position in the Stoic physical system and related ideas such as ἀποκατάστασις (the reconstruction of universe) as well as the Stoic idea of deity. Also, it addresses the issue of mythological and philosophical sources of the concept in question and presents several examples of its influence.

15

Drzewa w „Listach moralnych" Seneki Filozofa

82%

Budzanowska-Weglenda D.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Poetica

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2020

|

tom 8

245-261

EN

Seneca the Younger in his Moral Epistles appears as a Stoic philosopher, giving his friend, Lucilius, many practical tips. He illustrates these with various examples from life and the world around it, and also refers to trees. He equates Stoic wisdom to a forest or fruiting tree, the forest helps him reflect on God. The philosopher explains that trees as beings having prototypes and as bodily creatures, but without spirit or reason, and therefore of real good. In some statements, Seneca criticises the contemporaneous love for luxury – he praises the people of the golden age, who were content with what nature gave them, lived in trees, and made clothes out of trees. However, wooden walls and ceilings covered with marble and gold do not bring people happiness. The trees also show him how much time has passed and the falling leaves remind him of the inevitability of death. Dealing with agriculture can be important in old age, give pleasure, and be useful.

PL

Seneka Młodszy w Listach moralnych jawi się jako filozof stoicki, dając swemu przyjacielowi Lucyliuszowi wiele praktycznych porad. Ilustruje je różnymi przykładami z życia i otaczającego go świata, odwołuje się także do drzew. Mądrość stoicką przyrównuje do lasu lub do owocującego drzewa, las stanowi dla niego pomoc w refleksji nad Bogiem. Filozof objaśnia drzewa jako istnienia mające pierwowzory oraz jako stworzenia cielesne, ale niemające ducha ani rozumu, a zatem i prawdziwego dobra. W niektórych wypowiedziach Seneka krytykuje współczesne mu umiłowanie zbytku – wychwala ludzi złotego wieku, którzy zadowalali się tym, co dawała im natura, mieszkali w drzewach, z drzew robili odzienie. Natomiast drewniane ściany i sufity pokryte marmurem i złotem nie dają ludziom szczęścia. Drzewa pokazują Senece także, ile czasu już przeminęło, a opadające liście przypominają o nieuchronności śmierci. Zajmowanie się rolnictwem może być ważne w starości, dawać przyjemność i być pożytecznym.

16

Komenského etické vize o nápravě věcí lidských

66%

Miroslav S.

Littera Scripta

|

2011

|

tom 1

79-90

EN

The Reformation did not help to unify European Christianity, just the opposite;it led to the intensifying of disputes not only amongst Catholics and Protestants, but also between Lutherans and Calvinists. There followed a period of religious and civil feuding. Komenský entered this antagonistic climate with his political philosophy, which focused on eliminating the causes of hate and mutual conflict. This direction culminated in Komenský's Panorthosie (Universal Reform). This best outlines his vision of lasting peaceful conciliation, which lay in educational, religious, and civil reform. Komenský's ethical attempts to put human aairs to rights has its philosophical basis in the understanding of man as an entity, whose mission in this world is: to be a wise, moral, and pious man.

17

Medytacja w praktyce filozoficznej jako „żywa metafizyka” (praktyki medytacyjne w szkole stoickiej)

66%

Fabjański M. P.

|

tom 44

1-9

EN

This article argues that if contemporary philosophical counseling wishes to perpetuate the spirit of ancient philosophy, it must also incorporate metaphysics. This kind of incorporation means, among other things, regarding as essential the implementation of the meditation practices of certain historical schools of philosophy. Meditation was an inherent feature not only of Eastern schools of thought, but also within Western philosophy (as the author demonstrates through the example of Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations). These practices lead to a psychophysical state, known as ataraxia, which causes the perception of reality to undergo a radical change, including occasional “altered states of consciousness,” as they are known by psychology. The author calls such practices “live metaphysics.” He also maintains that, without the inclusion of such metaphysical practices, philosophical counselling and coaching lose their eudemonic character and become a means of hedonistic gratification in the service of the liberated ego of the contemporary man.

PL

Autor artykułu wysuwa tezę, że jeśli współczesne poradnictwo filozoficzne chce zachować ducha filozofii antycznej, to musi być zaangażowane metafizycznie. Takie zaangażowanie oznacza między innymi uznanie za istotne praktyk medytacyjnych w filozofii, które stanowiły jej immanentną cechę w szkołach Wschodu, ale także w filozofii zachodniej (co autor pokazuje na przykładzie Rozmyślań Marka Aureliusza). Te praktyki prowadziły do specyficznego stanu psychofizycznego, zwanego ataraksją, w którym radyklanie zmienia się percepcja rzeczywistości. Ich efektem były czasem stany w literaturze psychologicznej nazywane „odmiennymi stanami świadomości”. Praktyki takie autor artykułu nazywa „żywą metafizyką”. Twierdzi przy tym, że bez takiej metafizyki coaching i poradnictwo filozoficzne tracą eudajmonistyczny charakter i stają się środkiem do hedonistycznego zaspokojeniem liberalnego ego współczesnego człowieka.

18

Jana Kochanowskiego spór z antycznym dziedzictwem o stosowność człowieczego płaczu. Prolegomena do kryzysu światopoglądowego poety w świetle wybranych „Trenów”

66%

Derda S.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

|

2021

|

tom 30

|

nr 3

25-45

EN

Human is a place of a mysterious and complicated synthesis of matter and spirit, the result of which is an ambivalent reality. It implies effects as varied and contradictory as joy and sorrow, pleasure and pain, life and death. Pain and death have always been a source of anxiety and a great unknown in the face of which man has shown his helplessness. On the other hand, human has a reflective awareness of his pain, which highlights the awareness of his own self. Suffering that affects the whole person is also something very personal, which teaches us that we must live our uniqueness responsibly and that, in the depths of our being, everyone is alone with God. The human reaction to the experience of pain and suffering is crying, which indicates reaching the limit of possible behavior. This is the experience of the Renaissance poet Jan Kochanowski, who, after the death of his daughter, devotes a series of nineteen songs to her, being a kind of diary of suffering. The Laments, as they are discussed in the article, are at the same time a diary of the reflections and reevaluations born by this suffering, and at the same time a comprehensive polemic with the basic assumptions of antiquity. The article deals with the issue of crying on three levels: crying over her daughter’s death, crying for herself, and crying over the principles of Kochanowski so far. These considerations were preceded by a reflection on the world order violated by the unrelenting death of a child.

PL

Istnienie w płaczu, bezbronność wobec losu, świadomość uwięzienia, ale zarazem poczucie ludzkiej godności, które powstrzymuje człowieka przed pogrążeniem się w rozpaczy – oto jak przedstawiają się główne idee Trenów. Człowiek z dumą próbuje sam ratować się w nieszczęściu, ale nie może już swobodnie dążyć wzwyż, gdyż nie jest wolnym twórcą samego siebie. Jest człowiekiem, więc musi cierpieć i ulegać przemocy sił rządzących światem. Analiza wybranych fragmentów poematu ujawniła, że zagadnienie cierpienia, jakie tu postawiono, jest w istocie pytaniem o źródła podmiotowości i o tożsamość osoby oraz odkrywaniem nowej zasady utrzymywania się w swoim człowieczeństwie. Kochanowskiemu najtrudniej było przyjąć w kondycji ludzkiej zmienność, przemijalność i śmierć. Otóż te trzy konsekwencje czasowości egzystencji nadają ludzkiemu istnieniu cechy złudzenia lub wspomnianego snu jako niepełność bytową, ontyczną iluzoryczność. Poetę ożywiało pragnienie bytu, postrzeganego w kategoriach niezmiennego, stałego (także w znaczeniu: wiecznego) i motywowanego swą własną naturą istnienia, koniecznego ze względu na siebie, a nie na okoliczności zewnętrzne.

19

Поэт перед статуей (о примере скульптурного экфрасиса у А. Кушнера)

66%

Sadzińska E.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Rossica

|

2020

|

nr 13

131-140

EN

The article discusses various representations of the forms of poetic description of sculptures in the lyrics of Aleksandr Kushner. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the poem “Pered luchshey v mire konnoy statuyey…” (2008). The specificity and functions of sculptural ekphrasis are revealed. The cultural and historical paradigm of the poetic image of equestrian statues presented in the work are being reconstructed. It reveals not only explicit allusions to the monuments, but also implicit reminiscences, referring to the philosophy of the Roman Stoics (including Marcus Aurelius). It is concluded that the ekphrasis of sculpture is not only an element of the artistic space, but also the most important structural and semantic unit of the text; it not only ensures the internal integrity of the poem, but also intensifies its philosophical component.

RU

В статье рассматриваются разные репрезентации форм поэтического описания скульптур в лирике А. Кушнера. Особое внимание уделяется анализу стихотворения «Перед лучшей в мире конной статуей…» (2008). Выявляются специфика и функции скульптурного экфрасиса. Реконструируется культурно-историческая парадигма поэтического образа конных статуй, присутствующих в произведении. Раскрываются не только явные аллюзии к монументам, но и имплицитные реминисценции, отсылающие к философии римских стоиков (в том числе, Марка Аврелия). Делается вывод о том, что экфрасис скульптуры не только элемент художественного пространства, но и важнейшая структурно-семантическая единица текста; он не только обеспечивает внутреннюю целостность стихотворения, но и заостряет его философскую составляющую.

20

Słoń Pliniusza

66%

Sapota T.

Zoophilologica. Polish Journal of Animal Studies

|

2021

|

nr 7

1-12

RU

В основе этой статьи лежит концепция взаимоотношений между людьми и животными, выдержанная в русле философии стоиков. Стоики предполагали человеческое господство над другими существами и считали, что человеческая гегемония не может быть ограничена нормами справедливости. Отрывок из Естественной истории – рассказ о слонах – служит материалом для исследования того, в какой степени Плиний согласился с этим убеждением стоиков.

EN

As a point of departure, article presents the Stoic understanding of human-animal relationships: the Stoic philosophers presupposedhuman dominance over other creatures, which excluded the norms of justice as a means of limiting the human hegemony. On the basis of an excerpt from Pliny’s Natural History, which recounts a story of elephants, Tomasz Sapota examines the extent to which Pliny accepted this view of the Stoics.

PL

Tłem rozważań podjętych w tym artykule jest stoicka koncepcja relacji między ludźmi i zwierzętami. Stoicy zakładali panowanie ludzi nad pozostałymi istotami i uważali, że hegeminia człowieka nie może być ograniczana przez normy sprawiedliwości. Passus z Historii naturalnej – opowieść o słoniach – służy jako materiał do zbadania, w jakim stopniu Pliniusz zgadzał się z tym przekonaniem.