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EN
Meaningful development of productive text competence in pupils of primaryschool age should be based on a detailed analysis of their intuitive conceptualisation of particular text models (narration, description, explication,argumentation), their characteristics and the method of creating text. In this paper we, therefore, focus on an analysis of 8-year-old children and their preconceptions of narration. The findings from the interviews with this group of 8 year-old children are presented in relation to the capacity of a particular pupil to create a narrative text. Utilising the intervention program Self-Regulated Strategy Development (Harris & Graham), we point out the pitfalls in developing the narrative competence of children. In doing so, it is essential to take into consideration the pupil’s conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge of text production.
RU
Одним из эффективных методов интенсификации добычи нефти и газа является способ создания в призабойной зоне пласта мгновенной депрессии. Предлагаемая технология повышения производительности нефтяных и газовых скважин методом имплозии базируется на создании в призабойной зоне скважины мгновенной депрессии за счет химического связывания газов в скважине химическими реагентами. Технология реализуется следующим образом. Скважину предварительно заполняют газом, после чего вводят с поверхности через насосно-компрессорные трубы в виде капсул связывающий химический реагент. В результате связывания инертных молекул газа в твердые растворяющиеся соли происходит резкое снижение давления в скважине, которое в свою очередь позволяет создать мгновенную депрессию на пласт.
EN
Introduction. Muscle strengthening to improve joint stability is widely used in the rehabilitation process, and the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation is a useful tool, but the use of Aussie current still has little documentation about its effectiveness. Aim. To verify if there is a dose-response effect to Aussie current, both in the strength and in the static and dynamic stability of the deep pelvic lumbar muscles. Material and methods. 39 volunteers divided into four groups, one control and three electrostimulation with intensity variation, one with intensity at the contraction threshold (GT), another with intensity maintained at 20% more (G20), and another with intensity maintained at 30% more (G30) than the intensity at the contraction threshold. The intervention lasted four weeks, with three weekly sessions lasting 15 minutes. Initially and after the intervention period, the strength and stability of the deep muscles of the pelvic lumbar region were measured in a static and dynamic manner by a biofeedback pressure unit. Results. There was a significant increase of pressure under the lordoses in the pre- and post-evaluation moments, there were no differences in the evaluation of indirect force (dynamic stability), but there was an increase in the time for GT. The effect sizes presented advantages for the electrostimulated groups in static stability. Conclusion. The doses used did not promote significant statistical differences, but the effects were positive for the electrostimulated groups, especially with respect to static stability.
EN
A new method of predicting the properties of carbon nanomaterials from carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on a metal surface, was investigated. The main goal is to obtain the basis for nervous tissue stimulation and regeneration. Because of the many variations of the EPD method, costly and time-consuming experiments are necessary for optimization of the produced systems. To limit such costs and workload, we propose a neural network-based model that can predict the properties of selected carbon nanomaterial systems before they are produced. The choice of neural networks as predictive learning models is based on many studies in the literature that report neural models as good interpretations of real-life processes. The use of a neural network model can reduce experimentation with unpromising methods of systems processing and preparation. Instead, it allows a focus on experiments with these systems, which are promising according to the prediction given by the neural model. The performed tests showed that the proposed method of predictive learning of carbon nanomaterial properties is easy and effective. The experiments showed that the prediction results were consistent with those obtained in the real system.
PL
W referacie przedstawiono złoża niekonwencjonalne pod kątem wykonywania w nich zabiegów stymulacyjnych. Dokonano ogólnej charakterystyki niekonwencjonalnej technologii hydraulicznego szczelinowania przy pomocy mało lepkiej cieczy. Wskazano różnice pomiędzy zabiegami w złożach konwencjonalnych i niekonwencjonalnych. Polegają one przede wszystkim na innych modelach tworzenia szczelin i transportu materiału podsadzkowego w szczelinie. Różnice te są tak duże, że niemożliwe jest stosowanie typowych komercyjnych narzędzi do projektowania zabiegów w złożach łupkowych. Stwierdzono, że wykonane w złożach niekonwencjonalnych szczeliny charakteryzują się rozbudowaną strukturą przestrzenną. Diagnostyka przestrzeni objętej procesem stymulacji może być dokonana jedynie na podstawie analizy mikro-sejsmicznej. Podano też niekonwencjonalne rozwiązania technologiczne i techniczne stosowane w hydraulicznym szczelinowaniu złóż typu tight i shale. Uwzględniają one między innymi stosowanie nowych materiałów podsadzkowych i nowych technik przygotowania odwiertu do zabiegu oraz jego wykonania.
EN
The paper presents the characteristics of unconventional reservoirs for stimulation treatments. General characteristics of unconventional hydraulic fracturing technology using Slick-water was presented. Differences between treatments in conventional and unconventional reservoirs were described. They consist primarily of other models, creating fractures and transport of proppants in the fracture. These differences are so large that it is not possible to use standard commercial design tools for the design of treatments in the shale reservoirs. It was found that fractures made in unconventional shale reservoirs create volumetric structure. Diagnosis of the reservoir volume covered by the process of stimulation can only be done on the basis of micro-seismic mapping. Non-conventional technologies and techniques for hydraulic fracturing "tight" and "shale" formations were presented. They rely primarily on the use of new materials and new techniques of well completion and execution of hydraulic fracturing.
EN
We analysed the effects of [(D-Ala⁶, Pro⁹NEt)-mGnRH+metoclopramide] i.e. Ovopel at the dose of 0.5 granule kg⁻¹ of body weight (b.w.), [(D-Arg⁶, Pro⁹NEt)-sGnRH+domperidone] i.e. Ovaprim at the dose of 0.25 ml kg⁻¹ b.w., luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRHa) at the dose of 50 μg kg⁻¹ b.w. and carp pituitary extract (CPE) at the dose of 2 mg kg⁻¹ b.w. on the total volume of milt (TVM, ml), volume of milt per kg of body weight (VOM, kg⁻¹ b.w.), spermatozoa motility [%], osmolality of seminal plasma (mOsm kg⁻¹), spermatozoa concentration (×10⁹ ml⁻¹), total sperm produced (TSP, ×10⁹) and total number of spermatozoa per kg of b.w. (TNS, ×10⁹ kg⁻¹ b.w.) in the chub Leuciscus cephalus (L.). Milt was collected 24 hours after injection from individuals (n=9) belonging to each group. The control group (control, n=9) consisted of the males which were given 0.9% NaCl at 0.5 ml kg⁻¹ b.w. The highest values of TVM and VOM were observed after Ovaprim (5.88±1.62 ml and 19.24±3.56 ml kg⁻¹ b.w. respectively) and CPE stimulation (5.39±1.19 ml and 19.61±3.32 ml kg⁻¹ b.w. respectively). The lowest TVM and VOM values were observed after LHRHa injection (2.46±0.89 ml and 8.95±3.13 ml kg⁻¹ b.w. respectively) and those values were statistically different from values recorded after Ovopel (P<0.05), Ovaprim (P<0.001) and CPE (P<0.001). A significant increase in spermatozoa motility (P<0.05) was observed following hormonal stimulation as compared to the control, regardless of the type of hormonal agent applied. The values of osmolality were similar in all the groups with no significant differences between them (288–300 mOsm kg⁻¹, P>0.05). The highest spermatozoa concentrations in the control were 10.26±1.70 · 10⁹ ml⁻¹, and the lowest values were 5.47±0.99 · 10⁹ ml⁻¹, P<0.001, observed after Ovaprim stimulation. The highest TSP and TNS values were recorded after CPE injection (42.84±11.72 · 10⁹ and 160.4±65.67 · 10⁹ kg⁻¹ b.w. respectively), while the lowest were obtained following stimulation with LHRHa (23.57±8.56 · 10⁹ and 85.72±30.56 · 10⁹ kg⁻¹ b.w. respectively). Those differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Considering the large volume of milt (TVM and VOM) and the large number of spermatozoa (TSP and TNS), chub spermation can be successfully stimulated with Ovaprim or CPE injections.
PL
Przeanalizowano wpływ Ovopelu [(D-Ala⁶, Pro⁹NEt)-mGnRH+metoklopramid] w dawce 0.5 granulki kg⁻¹ m.c., Ovaprimu [(D-Arg⁶, Pro⁹NEt)-sGnRH+domperidon] w dawce 0.25 ml kg⁻¹ m.c., analogu gonadoliberyny (LHRHa) w dawce 50 μg kg⁻¹ m.c. oraz ekstraktu przysadki mózgowej karpia (CPE) w dawce 2 mg kg⁻¹ m.c. na całkowitą objętość pozyskanego mlecza (TVM, ml), objętość w przeliczeniu na kg masy ciała (VOM, kg⁻¹ m.c.), ruchliwość plemników [%], osmolalność plazmy nasienia (mOsm kg⁻¹), koncentrację plemników (×10⁹ ml⁻¹), całkowitą ilość plemników (TSP, ×10⁹) oraz ilość plemników w przeliczeniu na kg masy ciała klenia Leuciscus cephalus (L.). Mlecz pobierano po 24 godz. od wykonania iniekcji od każdego osobnika (n=9) z każdej grupy. Grupę kontrolną (kontrola, n=9) stanowiły samce, którym aplikowano 0.9% NaCl w dawce 0.5 ml kg⁻¹. Najwyższe wartości TVM i VOM stwierdzono po podaniu samcom Ovaprimu (odpowiednio: 5.88±1.62 ml i 19.24±3.56 ml kg⁻¹m.c.) oraz CPE (odpowiednio: 5.39±1.19 ml i 19.61±3.32 ml kg⁻¹m.c.), natomiast najniższe po stymulacji LHRHa (odpowiednio: 2.46±0.89 ml i 8.95±3.13 ml kg⁻¹m.c). Stwierdzone wartości były istotnie niższe od wartości po stymulacji Ovopelem (P<0.05), Ovaprimem (P<0.001) i CPE (P<0.001). Po stymulacji hormonalnej zaobserwowano istotny wzrost odsetka plemników ruchliwych (P<0.05) w porównaniu z kontrolą i to bez względu na zastosowany środek hormonalny. Wartości osmolalności kształtowały się w każdej grupie na zbliżonym poziomie, nie różniąc się istotnie (288–300 mOsm kg⁻¹, P>0.05). Najwyższą koncentrację plemników stwierdzono w kontroli (10.26±1.70 · 10⁹ ml⁻¹), natomiast najniższą po stymulacji Ovaprimem. Stwierdzone wartości 5.47±0.99 · 10⁹ ml⁻¹ były istotnie najniższe (P<0.001). Najwyższe wartości TSP i VOM stwierdzono po iniekcji CPE (odpowiednio: 42.84±11.72 · 10⁹ i 160.4±65.67 · 10⁹ kg⁻¹m.c.), natomiast najniższe po stymulacji LHRHa (odpowiednio: 23.57±8.56 · 10⁹ i 85.72±30.56 · 10⁹), a zaobserwowane różnice były istotne (P<0.05). Biorąc pod uwagę objętość pozyskanego mlecza (TVM i VOM) oraz ilość wyprodukowanych plemników (TSP i TNS), do indukowania spermacji klenia można polecać zarówno Ovoprim, jak i CPE.
EN
Questions of formation of cognitive interest in pedagogical heritage of native teachers of the second half of the XIX century are revealed.Socio-economic transformation in Ukraine determined entirely new priorities for the development of the education system and the requirements for the level of professional training. So one of the important and complex problems of modern educational theory and practice of school is to develop cognitive interest of juniorpupils as a basic condition for the successful functioning of the educational process. The purpose of the article is to systematize theoretical ideas on the problem of the formation of cognitive interest of primary school pupils in pedagogical heritage of S. I. Myropolskiy and P. F. Kapteryev. The article discusses national teachers' contribution to the development of theoretical issues of this problem. During the researc it was found out that S. I. Myropolskyy and P. F. Kapteryev enriched pedagogical science disclosing the role and importance of cognitive interest of students to enhance teaching and learning activities, to inclease aspirations for learning, educational motivation, etc. Validity and prudence of the basic theoretical positions of scientists, teachers ensured their fundamental training, sincere interest in school problems, aspirations and concrete steps of implementation of the basic ideas in practice, and creative use of treatment and achievement of foreign scientists in the context of the investigated problem. The study of the pedagogical heritage of Russian teachers, the theoretical foundations of the problem of formation of the cognitive interest of primary school pupils proved its necessity, and also helped to identify a range of principles, some of which remain relevant: planning the learning-cognitive activities, availability, consistency, regularity, taking into account individual characteristics and age of pupils, visibility; and forms and methods: excursions, games, books, conversations, discussions, love, respect for the child, the example of the teacher. The study of the investigated problem showed that in pedagogical science the problem of specific content of education and training, their relationship in a holistic educational process, the question about the goals, means and indicators of development of cognitive interest of primary school pupils is still open.
11
Content available remote Analysis of circuits for effective stimulation in neurobiological experiments
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EN
This paper reports on the development of the amplifier for neurobiological experiments, for fast transition between the stimulation and recording phases. Schematic-level design and parameters are presented, as well as the implementation of three methods of stimulus artifact reduction. Finally, simulation results are shown for performance comparison of these methods.
PL
Artykuł opisuje projekt wzmacniacza do zastosowań w eksperymentach neurobiologicznych, gdzie szybkie przełączanie pomiędzy fazą stymulacji i fazą odczytu jest bardzo istotne. Zaprezentowany jest schemat układu, jego parametry, implementacja trzech metod redukcji artefaktów stymulacyjnych, oraz wyniki symulacji porównujących te metody.
PL
Od początku historii eksploatacji ropy naftowej poszukiwano sposobów na zwiększenie jej wydobycia lub przynajmniej zmniejszenie tempa jego spadku. Na przestrzeni lat ta dziedzina wiedzy rozwijała się począwszy od pierwszych, bardzo prymitywnych działań do coraz bardziej zaawansowanych technik oddziaływania na złoża. W prezentacji zostanie przed- stawiona historia rozwoju stymulacji wydobycia węglowodorów w polskim górnictwie naftowym od okresu międzywojennego do czasów współczesnych. Materiałami źródłowymi będą przede wszystkim historyczne wydania dwutygodnika „Przemysł Naftowy". Zostanie opisany wkład INiG w doskonalenie metod stymulacyjnych. Znaczna uwaga będzie poświęcona ludziom, pracownikom INiG, PGNiG S.A. w Sanoku (obecnie w ZRG Krosno Sp. z. o.o.), którzy byli pionierami nowoczesnej stymulacji w Polsce.
EN
From the beginning of the history of oil exploitation the ways to increase its production, or at least reduction of the rate of its decline were looked for. Over the years, this field of knowledge developed from the initial, very primitive activities to more and more advanced stimulation techniques. The poster presents the history of the development of hydrocarbon production stimulation in Polish Oil Mining from the interwar period to the present day. Source materials are mainly historical issues of the biweekly called "Przemysł Naftowy". In this poster INiG contribution to the development of stimulation methods is described. Significant attention is dedicated to the people, employees of Oil and Gas Institute, PGNiG S.A. in Sanok and ZRG Krosno Sp. z. o.o., who were the pioneers of modern stimulation in Poland.
EN
Respiratory failure coincides frequently with the occurrence of gastric ulceration. In advanced respiratory insufficiency hypoxemia is often accompanied by hypercapnia, which is the stimulus for central chemoreceptors as well as for carotid body chemoreceptors. The purpose of the work was to investigate the reflex effect of stimulation of central chemoreceptors on gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) in the rat. Central chemoreceptors were stimulated by a gas mixture composed of 10% carbon dioxide, 50% oxide and 40% nitrogen. In artificially ventilated and spontaneously breathing animals, the stimulation of central chemoreceptors caused a significant increase in gastric mucosal vascular resistance, accompanied by a marked decline in blood flow. We hypothesize that in patients with respiratory insufficiency accompanied by hypercapnia, the reflex impairment of GMBF may contribute to gastric ulceration.
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