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Content available remote Kwasy żółciowe jako komponenty architektoniczne w chemii supramolekularnej
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EN
One of the most important fields in modern synthetic chemistry is the preparation of molecules which can recognize and bind others and then catalyze transformations of the bound molecules i.e. „artificial enzymes”, and the construction of systems which can reproduce themselves or otherwise store and process information at the molecular level [5 ? 8]. The above mentioned properties of these novel synthetic structures will result not only from the presence therein of the various required elements, but also from their relative arrangements in space and the three-dimensional shape of the overall assembly. In other words, spatially separated elements combine to achieve an overall effect in these structures. Hence, there will be a requirement for molecules with well-defined geometries in which conformational freedom is kept under close control. This criterion can be met by designs based on rigid frameworks. The steroid nucleus is one of the largest rigid units which is readily available. There are many steroidal compounds which might be chosen as starting materials for more elaborate frameworks. However, bile acids are the most valuable group of these compounds due to their chemically different hydroxyl groups, enantiomeric purity, unique amphiphilicity, availability and low cost. Bile acids are natural polyhydroxylated steroidal acids existing in bile as sodium salts of N-acyl derivatives of glycine and taurine. They are synthesized from cholesterol and can solubilize hydrophobic substances by the formation of micellar aggregates and thus help in the digestion of fat lipids. In this review applications of bile acids as building blocks in the synthesis of macrocyclic and also open-chained supramolecular hosts are presented.
EN
Abrus precatorius L. is a leguminous plant of family fabaceae. Plant parts are widely used for medicinal purpose in different region of the world. Seed behavior and phytochemical evaluation of different solvent extracts (i.e. Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate, Methanol & Water) of leaf and seed of red, white and black varieties of Abrus precatorius L. is carried out in the present study. This study indicates presence of different phytoconstituents i.e. alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, proteins, etc. the present study concludes that the plant parts can be used as very good natural remedy to diagnosed variety of dieses.
EN
 Steroid therapy, due to a wide range of anti-inflammatory properties of steroids, is a basic field of treatment in many human diseases including the nephrotic syndrome in children. However, not all patients respond positively to therapy which divides them into steroid sensitive (SS) and steroid resistance (SR) individuals. Many potential factors associated with steroid resistance have been identified so far. It seems that genetic factors associated with glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα), the structure of heterocomplex of GR as well as glycoprotein P or cytochrome P450 may play a role in the induction of glucocorticoid resistance. Here we described several of the molecular mechanisms, which can regulate glucocorticoid sensitivity and resistance. Moreover, we presented genetic defects, which can lead to various effects of treatment and, in a longer perspective, enable clinicians to individualize therapies.
EN
The aim of the study was to establish the effect of the ovarian steroids: 17β-oestradiol (E2) and testosterone (T4) on OT-stimulated PGF2α and PGE2 secretion by bovine endometrial cells. The epithelial endometrial cells from days 14-18 of the oestrous cycle (10⁵/ml) were incubated in DMEM/Ham's F12 with 10% FCS (38°C, atmosphere of air and 5% CO₂) for 72-96 h and the last 24 h in DMEM/Ham's F12 with 0.1% BSA. In Exp.l, the doses of steroids used to study their effect on the secretion of PGF2α and PGE2 from endometrial cells stimulated by OT were determined. In Exp.2, the cells were pre-incubated for 30 min with selected doses of steroids: P4 (10⁻⁵ M), T4 (10⁻⁵ M), and E2 (10⁻⁸ M) and next for 4 d with: arachidonic acid (AA; 10⁻⁵ M), OT (10⁻⁷ M) and OT with each of these steroids. The concentration of PGE2 and PGFM -metabolite of PGF2α was determined by EIA. P4, T4, and E2 did not affect (P>0.05) the basal secretion of PGF2α and PGE2, but all the steroids inhibited (P<0.01) OT- stimulated PGF2α secretion. The stimulating effect of OT on PGE2 secretion was not affected by P4 and T4 (P>0.05). This data suggests that different cellular mechanisms exist for steroids affecting the secretion of both prostaglandins from endometrial cells. Moreover, we suggest that non-genomic effect of P4 on bovine endometrial cells is non-specific since the other steroids can impair the effect of OT on these cells. This effect of the steroids can directly modulate function of endometrial cells.
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